东准造山带原泥盆系的形成时代及源区：碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

新疆东准地区晚古生代地层出露广泛,其沉积时限的精确限定对理解中亚造山带的增生和拼贴过程、确立该地区构造框架及油气开发具有深远意义。然而,目前的研究主要集中于岩浆岩方面,对于晚古生代地层时代及其空间展布的研究则相对缺乏,特别是石炭系和泥盆系沉积地层标定较为模糊。为此,本文选取了3个原泥盆系砂岩进行了细致的野外剖面测制、岩石学观测和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析。研究显示：原泥盆纪砂岩的最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为346～312 Ma,碎屑锆石年龄谱图分为：380～310 Ma（晚泥盆世-早石炭世,71.8%）、445～385 Ma（志留纪-早-中泥盆世,11.7%）、480～450 Ma（奥陶纪,3.9%）、540～485 Ma（寒武纪,4.5%）和前寒武纪年龄段（8.1%）,碎屑锆石年龄谱图区域上具有由南向北、由西向东呈简单化趋势且晚古生代年龄比重增加。结合该区岩浆岩年代学研究成果,将研究区原泥盆系沉积时代重新厘定到晚石炭系早-中期,认为东准地区的碰撞拼贴时间应发生于晚石炭世,并非是不同期次碰撞拼贴之产物。     

新疆准噶尔古生代洋盆闭合时限——来自卡拉麦里地区石炭纪碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的约束

新疆准噶尔古生代洋盆闭合时限对中亚造山带古生代构造格局及演化研究具有重要意义。东准噶尔卡拉麦里断裂带南缘广泛出露石炭纪陆相粗碎屑岩系,沉积相分析表明其形成于扇三角洲沉积环境。依据区域地层对比、岩石组合特征及地层接触关系,将其重新厘定为山梁砾石组。选择西段滴水泉和东段双井子2个地区的山梁砾石组剖面进行地层对比,并在2个剖面底部采集粗砂岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄分别为349±4Ma和355±3Ma,代表山梁砾石组沉积时代晚于349Ma,应为早石炭世早期。碎屑锆石年龄分布特征及砾石成分表明,其物源主要来自断裂带北侧的泥盆纪火山岩。在分析前人资料的基础上,认为山梁砾石组碎屑岩系是卡拉麦里造山带强烈隆升造山过程的沉积学响应,形成于前陆盆地,限定了准噶尔古生代洋盆闭合时限在早石炭世早期之前。     

新疆准噶尔晚古生代陆壳垂向生长（Ⅰ）——后碰撞深成岩浆活动的时限

准噶尔是新疆北部古生代造山带的重要组成部分，以广泛发育晚古生代后碰撞花岗岩为特征，是中亚造山带中显生宙陆壳生长作用非常显著的地区之一。根据新近获得的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄，并参考已经发表的锆石U-Pb年龄，本文重新厘定了准噶尔晚古生代后碰撞深成岩浆活动的时限。按照最新的国际地质年表中石炭纪和二叠纪划分方案（Gradstein et a1．，2004），准噶尔后碰撞深成岩浆活动是从早石炭世中-晚维宪期开始、于早二叠世末期结束的。东准噶尔后碰撞深成岩浆活动发生在330-265Ma之间，而西准噶尔后碰撞深成岩浆活动的时限在340-275Ma之间，持续时间分别约65Ma。但是，在东准噶尔，后碰撞深成岩浆活动集中在330～310Ma和305～280Ma两个时段发生，而在西准噶尔，后碰撞深成岩浆活动的高峰发生在310～295Ma之间。准噶尔晚古生代后碰撞深成岩浆活动在空间上没有受到重要地质界线（如蛇绿岩带）的分隔控制，在有的地方花岗岩还可以侵位在蛇绿岩带之中。而晚古生代后碰撞深成岩浆活动不但在准噶尔分布广泛，而且在准噶尔北邻的阿尔泰造山带和南邻的天山造山带中均有出现，具有广泛的区域性。     

新疆博格达山晚古生代地层的形成时代、物源及其演化:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

新疆博格达山主体由石炭系海相火山一沉积岩系组成,以发育两期双峰式火山岩,但不发育花岗岩为特征,对其晚古生代地层时代的划分和演化争议较大。本文重点对博格达山北部两个晚古生代砂岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析,重新标定博格达山地区晚古生代地层的形成时代;利用物源区的演化,约束晚古生代构造演化。测年结果显示博格达上亚群砂岩的碎屑锆石表面年龄值分布范围较宽,主峰年龄为343~284 Ma(80%),次峰年龄为386~375 Ma(3%)、503~441Ma(7%)和871~735 Ma(10%);芦草沟组砂岩的碎屑锆石表面年龄值非常集中,主峰年龄为358~279 Ma(97%),次峰年龄为257~251 Ma(约3%)。博格达山中部原石炭纪博格达群上亚群与西部和南部下芨芨槽群相当,应属于早二叠世,中部一东部的石炭一二叠纪界线应在博格达下亚群一上亚群或居里得能组一沙雷塞尔克组之间的不整合面之中。博格达北部地区晚二叠世以南侧天山物源区供给为主,反映出晚古生代期间博格达山地区至少存在晚石炭世末和中二叠世两期构造隆升。结合区域火山岩与火山碎屑岩的研究,认为博格达山地区晚古生代主要经历4个演化阶段:早石炭世弧后盆地裂解阶段、晚石炭世碰撞拼贴阶段、早二叠世碰撞后伸展阶段、中-晚二叠世再次隆升到稳定阶段。     

新疆北部大地构造研究中几个问题的评述——兼论地质图在区域构造研究中的重要意义

地质图是区域地质和大地构造研究的重要基础资料,认真研读地质图是大地构造学研究的重要途径。以新疆北部几个重要构造带为例,展示了地质图的分析、研读在大地构造研究中的重要意义。基于地质图分析并结合最新的研究资料,认为东准噶尔卡拉麦里造山带的碰撞时限不晚于早石炭世(370~340Ma);西准噶尔达拉布特构造带形成于石炭纪晚期,该带不具有板块边界或者俯冲-缝合带的属性;以巴音沟蛇绿岩带为代表的北天山洋盆的缝合时限在晚石炭世(325~316Ma)。由此推断,新疆北部地区洋盆俯冲和地体拼贴碰撞造山过程应该在晚石炭世之前完成。     

秦岭南缘勉略带构造属性及晚古生代地质背景:来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的制约

勉略构造带作为秦岭造山带内重要的构造边界,关于其构造属性及晚古生代以来的地质背景,一直是学术界争论的焦点。碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学在限定地层单元的最大沉积年龄、研究区域构造岩浆事件及约束构造地质背景等方面行之有效。基于此,通过对勉略带内五郎坪北侧两河口变沉积地层和侵入其中的变形花岗岩脉体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究。获得2件变形花岗岩脉的结晶年龄均为406±1Ma。碎屑锆石主年龄谱分别为422～456Ma和558～826Ma,峰值年龄为441Ma和771Ma、813Ma,次级年龄谱分别为942～1495Ma和1658～2981Ma,峰值年龄不明显。依据最小一组碎屑锆石的峰值年龄(441Ma),和侵入其中的变形花岗岩脉(406±0.6Ma),限定该变沉积地层形成时代为406～441Ma(S_1-D_1)。碎屑锆石年龄谱显示该套变沉积地层物质来源较为复杂,其中秦岭造山带及扬子板块北缘早古生代、新元古代岩浆岩为其提供了74%±的物源,古老变质基底为其提供了26%±的物源。通过与区域上已有资料对比,认为勉略构造带内晚古生代沉积地层形成环境与邻区大致相同,且本次所获得的变沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄谱也与邻区泥盆系相似。综合认为,勉略构造带与邻区在晚古生代应属同一构造环境,晚古生代"勉略海盆"应当包括整个南秦岭。     

西准噶尔谢米斯台地区中泥盆统呼吉尔斯特组砂岩源区示踪

泥盆纪是西准噶尔南部洋陆转换的关键时期,以往研究多从火山岩角度分析该区构造演化过程,对本区中泥盆统呼吉尔斯特组砂砾岩沉积建造研究较少。本文以呼吉尔斯特组为研究重点,通过岩相学及锆石U-Pb年代学分析,研究呼吉尔斯特组沉积环境、物质来源,推测物源区所处大地构造背景,讨论西准噶尔地区古生代构造演化过程。结果表明,呼吉尔斯特组砂岩岩性主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩,具高火山碎屑、斜长石,低多晶石英特征;锆石U-Pb同位素年代学获4组年龄:415~442 Ma、450~486 Ma、494~507 Ma、519~548 Ma。综合分析认为呼吉尔斯特组沉积物质源区主要有3个,即西准噶尔南部古造山带、火山碎屑沉积地层再风化剥蚀和西准噶尔北部火山岛弧带。     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗晚古生代碎屑锆石定年及其意义

对科尔沁右翼中旗地区晚古生代地层进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年研究。样品130909-01为凝灰质砂岩,130910-15为岩屑石英砂岩。碎屑锆石年龄可分为4组,由新到老依次为:252~278Ma、286~359Ma、381~462Ma和500Ma之前。碎屑锆石的最小年龄(256.5±1.7Ma)限定了地层沉积下限为晚二叠世。样品中出现大量残留锆石,记录了前寒武纪基底、早古生代岛弧岩浆岩和石炭纪—二叠纪岩浆活动事件。     

内蒙古林西地区上二叠统-中三叠统沉积序列的碎屑锆石记录及对古亚洲洋（东段）闭合时间的制约

晚二叠世-中三叠世在中亚造山带东段构造演化过程中是重要的转折期,它涉及古亚洲洋的最终闭合、沉积环境剧变等重大地质问题,而上二叠统林西组和中-下三叠统幸福之路组沉积序列记录了相应的构造演化过程。笔者对内蒙古东南部林西地区出露良好的林西组与幸福之路组,采取砂岩样品进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素研究,解析年代学、沉积物源等信息。研究显示,被认为是三叠系标志层的陆相红色砂泥岩始现于晚二叠世。幸福之路组细砾岩样品最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为241Ma,从而将地层沉积时代上延至中三叠世后期。它与下伏林西组为整合接触关系,但在幸福之路组下部地层中发现微角度不整合,沉积时代存在间断(早、中三叠世之间)。林西组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄组成分为4组:254~336Ma、372~528Ma、669~1000Ma和1300~2534Ma,εHf(t)值变化范围较大(-25.6~+17.2)。幸福之路组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中于241~278Ma,εHf(t)值=+8.6~+16.5,其石炭纪和古元古代碎屑锆石少量。对比研究显示,林西组砂岩除兴蒙造山带物源外,还含有大量华北克拉通物源。与之相反,幸福之路组砂岩物源主要来自林西周边岩浆岩。结合区域地质特征,笔者认为古亚洲洋闭合于晚石炭世之前,晚古生代末是残余陆表浅海环境。内蒙古东南部地区在晚石炭世以来,表现为西伯利亚和华北克拉通联为一体后的陆内裂陷沉积活动及岩浆活动。     

藏北南羌塘盆地二叠纪曲地组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄及其地质意义

南羌塘盆地是特提斯大洋俯冲削减而产生的一套构造增生地质体,也是研究青藏高原早期构造演化的关键地区,盆地内出露的石炭纪地层极少。对晚古生代曲地组2个砂岩样品进行全岩主量、微量、稀土元素的研究,并采用LA-ICP-MS同位素测定技术对其中的碎屑锆石进行U-Pb同位素测定,结果表明,碎屑锆石年龄具有6个峰值:330~270Ma、560~480Ma、880~720Ma、1750~1650Ma、2400~2000Ma和2800Ma;地球化学特征表明,曲地组源区的大地构造环境主要为被动大陆边缘及大陆岛弧环境;沉积物物源具有多源性,但仍需进一步研究。推测其物源主要为晚古生代二叠纪之前的冈瓦纳大陆北缘相关地体。     

新疆北部地区上古生界火山岩分布及其构造环境

新疆北部地区石炭系火山岩主要发育于石炭纪-早二叠世由洋盆向陆内盆地转换阶段,发育碰撞与碰撞后伸展期两类构造环境火山岩; 围绕造山带构成西准噶尔、东准噶尔、准南三大岩区; 石炭系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合,二叠系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩组合。下石炭统多表现为碰撞期活动陆缘构造环境海相中基性火山岩,上石炭统表现为被动陆缘海陆过渡相钙碱性系列中酸性火山岩; 下二叠统表现为陆相偏碱性中基性、中酸性火山岩。西准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套海陆交互相中基性火山岩组合,具汇聚岛弧过渡壳特点。东准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套基性、中酸性岩石组合,具早期岛弧挤压、晚期板内伸展环境特征; 准南博格达山前表现为典型裂谷环境火山岩。二叠系火山岩均为碰撞期后板内伸展构造环境,主要分布于西准噶尔岩区; 表现为东准卡拉麦里残留洋最先闭合隆升,西准达尔布特残留洋随后闭合,最后是北天山洋关闭构造演化次序。新疆北部地区上古生界石炭系-下二叠统火山岩油气成藏多遵循“源控论”,主要围绕石炭系与下二叠统烃源岩发育区、有效生烃中心于构造高部位成藏,晚石炭世伸展裂陷应为有利勘探领域。     

新疆西准噶尔托里地区早石炭世构造环境简析

西准噶尔是中亚造山带(CAOB)的一个重要组成部分,厘定早石炭世西准噶尔地区的构造环境,有助于构建晚古生代中亚造山带的构造格局。托里地区下石炭统姜巴斯套组是一套浅海相火山碎屑岩沉积,保存有较完好的古生物化石。本文结合前人的研究成果及下石炭统姜巴斯套组火山碎屑岩特征,指出西准噶尔地区早石炭世早期构造稳定,火山活动较弱,但仍是俯冲构造环境,到早石炭世晚期,西准噶尔地区进入后碰撞构造环境,古亚洲洋在西准地区的闭合时限在早石炭世晚期之前。     

东天山晚古生代以来大地构造与矿产勘查

大地构造研究一直被认为是地球科学中的纯基础性理论研究，实际上它与矿产勘查工作关系也很密切，其结论可为资源评价特别是含矿潜力的确定，提供科学依据。通过近年研究东天山地区构造格架取得的新资料和新认识，对该区部分矿产的含矿潜力及找矿方向提出了初步建议。     

Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NE China

The eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in NE China is a key area for investigating continental growth. However, the complexity of its Paleozoic geological history has meant that the tectonic development of this belt is not fully understood. NE China is composed of the Erguna and Jiamusi blocks in the northern and eastern parts and the Xing’an and Songliao-Xilinhot accretionary terranes in the central and southern parts. The Erguna and Jiamusi blocks have Precambrian basements with Siberia and Gondwana affinities, respectively. In contrast, the Xing ’an and Songliao-Xilinhot accretionary terranes were formed via subduction and collision processes. These blocks and terranes were separated by the Xinlin-Xiguitu, Heilongjiang, Nenjiang, and Solonker oceans from north to south, and these oceans closed during the Cambrian (ca. 500 Ma), Late Silurian (ca. 420 Ma), early Late Carboniferous (ca. 320 Ma), and Late Permian to Middle Triassic (260 –240 Ma), respectively, forming the Xinlin-Xiguitu, Mudanjiang-Yilan, Hegenshan-Heihe, Solonker-Linxi, and Changchun-Yanji suture zones. Two oceanic tectonic cycles took place in the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO), namely, the Early Paleozoic cycle involving the Xinlin-Xiguitu and Heilongjiang oceans and the late Paleozoic cycle involving the Nenjiang-Solonker oceans. The Paleozoic tectonic pattern of the eastern CAOB generally shows structural features that trend east-west. The timing of accretion and collision events of the eastern CAOB during the Paleozoic youngs progressively from north to south. The branch ocean basins of the eastern PAO closed from west to east in a scissor-like manner. A bi-directional subduction regime dominated during the narrowing and closure process of the eastern PAO, which led to “soft collision” of tectonic units on each side, forming huge accretionary orogenic belts in central Asia.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Convergence History of the Songliao and Jiamusi Blocks in the Eastern End of Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Evidence from Detrital Zircons of Late Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks

Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) is one of the largest accretionary orogenic belts in the world. The eastern segment of CAOB is dominated by Paleozoic Paleo Asian Ocean tectonic regime, Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific tectonic regime and Mongolian-Okhotsk tectonic regime. The Songliao and Jiamusi blocks are located in the easternmost part of the CAOB and are the key region to solve the problem about overprinting processes of multiple tectonic regimes. It is generally believed that the Mudanjiang Ocean between the two blocks was finally closed in the Mesozoic, but the Paleozoic magmatism also developed along the Mudanjiang suture zone, while on both sides of the suture zone, there were comparable Paleozoic strata, indicating that the two blocks had converged during the Paleozoic, and the evolution history of the two blocks in the Late Paleozoic remains controversial. The Carboniferous-Permian terrestrial strata mainly developed in Binxian, Wuchang and Tieli on Songliao Block, Baoqing and Mishan on Jiamusi Block. Samples from the Songliao and Jiamusi blocks in the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian and Late Permian are collected for comparative analysis. The LAICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the maximum depositional age of Middle Permian Tumenling Formation and Late Permian Hongshan Formation in Songliao Block is ～260 Ma, while that of Tatouhe Formation and Carboniferous strata in Jiamusi Block are ～290 Ma and ～300 Ma, respectively, which supports the previous stratigraphic division scheme. The age peaks of ～290–300 Ma, ～400 Ma, ～500 Ma appeared in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian strata of Jiamusi Block and the Middle Permian strata of Songliao Block. The age peak of ～500 Ma in the Middle Permian strata of Songliao Block may come from the Cambrian basement, Mashan Complex, of Jiamusi Block, while the age peaks of ～420–440 Ma in the Carboniferous strata of Jiamusi Block may come from the Silurian magmatic arc in Zhangguangcai Range in the eastern margin of Songliao Block, reflects the history that they had been potential sources of each other, indicating that they may have combined in the Paleozoic. The Hongshan Formation of Songliao Block in the Late Permian lacks the age peak of ～500 Ma, which indicate that Jiamusi Block was not the provenance of Songliao Block in the Late Permian, that is, there was a palaeogeographic isolation between the two blocks. Combined with the ～210 Ma bimodal volcanic rocks developed along the Mudanjiang suture zone reported previously, we believe that the oceanic basin between the Songliao and Jiamusi blocks should have been connected in Late Permian and reopened during Late Permian to Late Triassic.     

Palaeozoic multiphase magmatism at Barleik Mountain,southern West Junggar,Northwest China: implications for tectonic evolution of the West Junggar

The West Junggar lies in the southwest part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and consists of Palaeozoic ophiolitic mélanges, island arcs, and accretionary complexes. The Barleik ophiolitic mélange comprises several serpentinite-matrix strips along a NE-striking fault at Barleik Mountain in the southern West Junggar. Several small late Cambrian (509–503 Ma) diorite-trondhjemite plutons cross-cut the ophiolitic mélange. These igneous bodies are deformed and display island arc calc-alkaline affinities. Both the mélange and island arc plutons are uncomfortably covered by Devonian shallow-marine and terrestrial volcano-sedimentary rocks and Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary rocks. Detrital zircons (n = 104) from the Devonian sandstone yield a single age population of 452–517 million years, with a peak age of 474 million years. The Devonian–Carboniferous strata are invaded by an early Carboniferous (327 Ma) granodiorite, late Carboniferous (315–311 Ma) granodiorites, and an early Permian (277 Ma) K-feldspar granite. The early Carboniferous pluton is coeval with subduction-related volcano-sedimentary strata in the central West Junggar, whereas the late Carboniferous–early Permian intrusives are contemporary with widespread post-collisional magmatism in the West Junggar and adjacent regions. They are typically undeformed or only slightly deformed.

Our data reveal that island arc calc-alkaline magmatism occurred at least from middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician time as constrained by igneous and detrital zircon ages. After accretion to another tectonic unit to the south, the ophiolitic mélange and island arc were exposed, eroded, and uncomfortably overlain by the Devonian shallow-marine and terrestrial volcano-sedimentary strata. The early Carboniferous arc-related magmatism might reflect subduction of the Junggar Ocean in the central Junggar. Before the late Carboniferous, the oceanic basins apparently closed in this area. These different tectonic units were stitched together by widespread post-collisional plutons in the West Junggar during the late Carboniferous–Permian. Our data from the southern West Junggar and those from the central and northern West Junggar and surroundings consistently indicate that the southwest part of the CAOB was finally amalgamated before the Permian.     

西准噶尔晚古生代残余洋盆消亡时间与构造背景研究

准噶尔西北缘克拉玛依蛇绿岩套及其上覆陆相火山-沉积岩系的研究表明,西准噶尔晚古生代残余洋盆是继承早古生代洋盆发生的,沉积作用基本连续,但同位素年代学研究表现出明显的早古生代和晚古生代两个阶段。残余洋盆的消亡是一个"软碰撞"过程,残余洋盆整体隆升消亡后,经历了329～320Ma、310～295Ma及290Ma三次构造-岩浆事件,爆发三期陆相火山喷发,形成巴塔玛依内山组、哈尔加吾组、卡拉岗组三个陆相火山-沉积岩系,准噶尔西北缘的佳木河组是跨越石炭-早二叠世包括多期火山-沉积作用的产物。晚古生代侵入岩经历了由小型浅成闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩系列向大型深成富碱花岗岩系列的转化,可能是花岗闪长质过渡型地壳向花岗质成熟大陆壳转化的深部作用过程的反映。     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区巴塔玛依内山组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

巴塔玛依内山组是一套以火山岩为主的陆相火山-沉积地层,在东准噶尔地区广泛分布,规模巨大,且形成时代久存争议。通过对卡拉麦里地区巴塔玛依内山组层型剖面的重新实测,以及对该组中下部层位玄武岩进行LA-ICP-MS测年,获得锆石U-Pb年龄为(338.7±7.7) Ma(MSWD=0.24)。所测锆石的CL图像上可见明显的震荡环带结构,且锆石Th/U比值为0.11～0.95,均大于0.10,13颗锆石的Th/U平均值为0.56,Th/U呈正相关,说明属岩浆锆石,指示其代表了巴塔玛依内山组的形成时代。结合前人的年代学数据及化石资料,将巴塔玛依内山组时代确定为早石炭世中期—晚石炭世初期,认为其中下部层位时代不晚于338.7 Ma。该成果进一步约束了区内陆相火山地层的时代,并为研究东准噶尔构造带的火山岩浆作用及其构造演化提供了新的年代学依据。     

Detrital zircon constraints on late Paleozoic tectonism of the Bogda region(NW China) in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Chinese North Tianshan(CNTS) in the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) has undergone multistage accretion-collision processes during Paleozoic time,which remain controversial.This study addresses this issue by tracing the provenance of Late Paleozoic sedimentary successions from the Bogda Mountain in the eastern CNTS through U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses of detrital zircons.New detrital zircon U-Pb ages(N=519) from seven samples range from 261±4 Ma to 2827±32 Ma.The most prominent age peak is at 313 Ma and subordinate ages vary from 441 Ma to 601 Ma,with some Precambrian detrital zircon ages(～7%) lasting from 694 Ma to 1024 Ma.The youngest age components in each sample yielded weighted mean ages ranging from 272±9 Ma to 288±5 Ma,representing the maximum depositional ages.These and literature data indicate that some previously-assumed "Carboniferous"strata in the Bogda area were deposited in the Early Permian,including the Qijiaojing,Julideneng,Shaleisaierke,Yangbulake,Shamaershayi,Liushugou,Qijiagou,and Aoertu formations.The low maturity of the sandstones,zircon morphology and provenance analyses indicate a proximal sedimentation probably sourced from the East Junggar Arc and the Harlik-Dananhu Arc in the CNTS.The minor Precambrian detrital zircons are interpreted as recycled materials from the older strata in the Harlik-Dananhu Arc.Zircon E_(Hf)(t) values have increased since ～408 Ma,probably reflecting a tectonic transition from regional compression to extension.This event might correspond to the opening of the Bogda intraarc/back arc rift basin,possibly resulting from a slab rollback during the northward subduction of the North Tianshan Ocean.A decrease of zircon ε_(Hf)(t) values at ～300 Ma was likely caused by the cessation of oceanic subduction and subsequent collision,which implies that the North Tianshan Ocean closed at the end of the Late Carboniferous.