GPS-derived horizontal ice flow velocities along the traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome-A, East Antarctica

1　IntroductionFromitsoriginalformulationin 1 990 ,theInternationalTrans AntarcticScientificExpedition (ITASE)hashadasitsprimaryaimthecollectionandinterpretationofacon tinental widearrayofenvironmentalparametersassembledthroughthecoordinatedeffortsofscientistsfromseveralnations(Mayewskietal.1 996) .AsaconsequenceITASEhasbeenfocusedtoaddresstwokeyscientificobjectives:1 )Todeterminethespatialvariabil ityofAntarcticclimate (eg.accumulation,airtemperature,atmosphericcirculation)overthelast2…     

顾及地形的滇中引水工程最低成本线路研究

以滇中引水工程线路规划为例,以资源三号测绘卫星ZY-3 DSM为数据源,以均值变点分析法为理论依据,借助Python语言编程实现研究区地势起伏度最佳统计单元的确定,并运用GIS技术生成地势起伏度和坡度图。再运用专家打分评价方法,确定地势起伏度和坡度的权重,采用基于栅格的成本加权分析法,构建滇中引水工程地形成本栅格。在此基础上,将引水工程线路规划问题转化为GIS最低成本路径求解问题,以栅格数据Dijkstra算法为基础,求解出滇中引水工程最低成本线路。从地形的角度,研究了复杂地形状况下滇中引水工程智能线路规划的方法,可为引水工程提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

嵌入式GIS数据采集与导航系统设计技术与功能

嵌入式GIS软件是一个主要技术发展的新方向。目前,在国内外得到广泛的应用,本文以北京超图地理信息技术有限公司的eSuperMap GIS+Embedded Visual C++技术进行了嵌入式GIS数据采集与导航系统的设计开发。文章首先对嵌入式GIS数据采集与导航系统的实现作了分析,指出移动计算、嵌入式技术及移动接入与访问技术是系统实现的关键技术。在系统设计中,重点分析了EVC及eSuperMap GIS技术体系,并对矢量数据分层组织方法、空间数据显示比例控制、数据模型及SIT影像压缩技术做了具体的分析。在此基础上,结合应用系统开发,对EVC主要开发接口进行了分析描述。另结合eSuperMap GIS+Embedded Visual C++技术进行了原型系统的设计开发,实现了地图显示和浏览功能、地图数据管理与地图量算、属性管理与查询功能、对象编辑与移动目标计算、最佳路径分析与轨迹回放及GPS数据接收及移动数据终端处理等功能。在GIS数据采集与导航系统开发中,移动计算、嵌入式技术及移动接入与访问技术是系统实现的关键技术。在系统设计中,矢量数据分层组织方法、空间数据显示比例控制、数据模型及SIT影像压缩技术是系统实现的技术关键。通过Mi-crosoft eMbedded C++结合SuperMap嵌入式GIS开发工具,对解决上述关键技术提供了有效解决方法。通过本案例开发实践,我们认为研发一套实用、方便、有针对性的工具软件十分重要。该软件系统对车载导航、军事应用、公安消防等方面的应用具有重要的实践意义和理论参考价值。     

The first geodetic investigation at the summit of Dome A,Antarctica

Dome A is the highest ice feature in the Antarctica,up to now,little is known about surface topography at Dome A.The first Chinese ITASE expedition was carried out from Zhongshan station to Dome A during the 1996/1997 austral summer. During the 2004/2005 austral summer,the traverse was extended to the summit of Dome A which is 1228 km from Zhongshan Station by 21st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE).The real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS survey was carried out in the summit of Dome A dur...     

Seasonal changes in sea ice conditions along the Northeast Passage in 2007 and 2012

Remote sensing data from passive microwave and satellite-based altimeters, associated with the data measured underway, were used to characterize seasonal and spatial changes in sea ice conditions along...     

作为随机振动的海冰变化模型

本文从B.Saltzman的海温—海冰模式出发,得到了一个描述海冰范围变化的随机气候模型,接着对模型的性质进行了一些分析和讨论,并把从模型得到的模拟谱与计算的南极海冰扩展范围的观测谱做了比较。     

Sea ice thickness and concentration in Arctic obtaining from remote sensing images

1　Introduction TheArcticOceanisoneoftheimportantcoldregionsontheearth,whichcanaffect globalclimateandoceancirculationseriously.Itsinteractionwiththeglobalclimatesystem isrepresentedbyseaice,whichisthemainfeatureonthesurfaceoftheArcticOcean(Aa gaardandCarmack1989).First,seaiceplaysapivotalroleintheheatandmassbalance onthesurfaceoftheArcticOcean.Seaicenotonlyobstructstheheatexchangebetweenat mosphereandocean,butalsoreflectsmostsolarradiationbacktotheatmospherebecause ofitshighalbedo(Gre…     

Impacts of snow accumulation on air temperature measured by automatic weather stations on the Antarctic ice sheet

The heights of automatic weather station (AWS) sensors over the Antarctic ice sheet are nominal and change with snow accumulation or ablation. Therefore, the measured data may not be used directly. In this study, we analyzed the impact of snow accumulation on AWS observations using continuous measurements from three AWS that were deployed on the traverse route from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A over East Antarctica. We then corrected the measured air temperature to account for changes in the sensor height relative to the snow surface to improve the authenticity and representativeness of the observation data from the AWS. The results show that (i) the annual mean snow accumulations at Dome A, Eagle and LGB69 were approximately 0.11 m, 0.30 m and 0.49 m, respectively, and the corresponding annual mean air temperature differences between the corrected and measured values at 1 m in height were 0.34℃, 0.29℃ and 0.35℃; (ii) the impact on air temperature from accumulation decreases with height from the surface; (iii) the air temperature difference between the corrected and measured values was not directly proportional to the snow accumulation but was related to the seasonal air temperature variations and the intensity of the local surface inversion; and (iv) the averaged corrected air temperature was higher than the measured values except during the summer when there were days without temperature inversion. The magnitude of the temperature difference between the corrected and measured was mainly determined by snow accumulation and the intensity of the local surface inversion.     

GIS空间数据电子出版可视化技术研究

地理信息系统不仅发展成为一门成熟的技术科学 ,而且已成为一个新兴的产业 ,在测绘、地质矿产、农林水利、环境监测、区域开发等领域发挥越来越重要的作用。利用地球信息科学领域积累的大量的 GIS数据 ,进行其出版可视化技术研究与实践 ,不仅能够满足 GIS空间数据的出版要求 ,同时对于最大限度地利用 GIS数据资源、避免基础数据的重复投入和提高地图生产效率有着重要的现实意义。本文论述了地理空间数据的类型、关系、矢量数据结构及其在电子出版系统中共享的制约因素 ,讨论了 GIS空间数据在电子出版系统中可视化技术实现的基本方法 ,在实践的基础上提出了两种企业级解决方案。     

CAPABILITIES OF MULTIMEDIA GIS

ＴｈｅｐｈｒａｓｅＭｕｌｔｉｍｅｄｉａＧＩＳ（ＭＭＧＩＳ）ｉｓａｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｗｏｔｅｒｍｓｍｕｌｔｉｍｅｄｉａａｎｄＧＩＳ．Ｔｈｅｔｅｒｍｍｕｌｔｉｍｅｄｉａ（ＭＭ）ｉｓｄｅｆｉｎｅｄａｓ“Ａｍｕｌｔｉｍｅｄｉａｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｓｃ...     

军事地理信息系统构想与空间决策分析

地理信息系统具有强大的空间分析功能,因此其在军事领域中,特别是同武警部队执勤、处突和反恐怖任务结合起来,综合地、动态地获取、管理和分析区域内地理环境信息及军事专题属性信息,服务于执勤、处突环境分析和辅助决策的指挥自动化应用系统,充分发挥其效益,是一种尝试。基于地理信息系统软件ArcView3.2,武警北京总队军事地理信息系统演示系统突出强调了网络分析功能、地图绘制功能及三维模拟分析功能;系统主要由最佳路线、机动支援、空间分析、制图绘图、三维模拟及卫星影像6个子功能模块组成,实现了北京地区二环线内武警机动部队的最佳路线、最近设施的选择、军事地图的绘制与输出、北京天安门地区的三维模拟显示。该演示系统能为指挥自动化系统进行辅助决策提供地理信息保障,实现北京地区的军事地理信息互通及共享,提高工作效率,节约人力物力资源。     

基于MapObjects的旅游GIS开发应用——以圆明园为例

旅游信息系统的出现为旅游业繁杂的数据管理,多元成果展示和空间数据分析提供了最为快捷、方便和准确的方法和手段。本文以圆明园风景区为例,以组件式地理信息系统软件为基础平台,在分析MO特点和应用的基础上,论述了利用MO控件设计和开发旅游地理信息系统的方法并结合VB语言定制开发了圆明园旅游信息系统。该系统是在专业GIS工具系统的功能支持下,结合旅游部门空间信息管理、分析和决策的实际需要,探索传统旅游信息发布管理方式与GIS技术进一步结合的关键技术问题,开发了地图漫游,属性查询、统计分析,公共信息检索、园区管理等实用性功能,为实现旅游信息的多源、实时、动态、形象管理提供了快速有效的技术途径。     

高校《GIS分析、设计与管理》课程设置研究

对于国内外GIS实施、应用方面的文献做了综述和评估,在参考国内外文献的基础上提出了高校《GIS分析、设计与管理》课程设置的建议.作者认为,应从组织管理理论、信息系统、项目管理、案例分析等方面丰富GIS应用基础理论和实践知识,相关课程设计应当包括基础理论、方法论与实施管理3个部分,并配合大量的案例.作者据此思路在河南大学开设了此课程,教学实践表明,本文提供的课程设计方案适合GIS专业研究生学习,也可作为GIS本科生的专业提高课程,能够为学生提供所需的理论基础和实践知识.     

车载导航系统中GIS应用的关键技术浅析

阐述了车载导航系统中GIS的作用,分析了GIS用于车载导航的关键技术问题,包括导航地理数据的构建与更新、路径规划与行驶引导,以及地图匹配等,阐明了导航地理数据在导航应用中的重要作用。     

Polar Sea Ice Identification and Classification Based on HY-2A/SCAT Data

In this paper,a Bayesian sea ice detection algorithm is first used based on the HY-2A/SCAT data,and a backpropagation(BP)neural network is used to classify the Arctic sea ice type.During the implementation of the Bayesian sea ice detection algorithm,linear sea ice model parameters and the backscatter variance suitable for HY-2A/SCAT were proposed.The sea ice extent obtained by the Bayesian sea ice detection algorithm was projected on a 12.5 km grid sea ice map and validated by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2(AMSR2)15%sea ice concentration data.The sea ice extent obtained by the Bayesian sea ice detection al-gorithm was found to be in good agreement with that of the AMSR2 during the ice growth season.Meanwhile,the Bayesian sea ice detection algorithm gave a wider ice edge than the AMSR2 during the ice melting season.For the sea ice type classification,the BP neural network was used to classify the Arctic sea ice type(multi-year and first-year ice)from January to May and October to De-cember in 2014.Comparison results between the HY-2A/SCAT sea ice type and Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid(EASE-Grid)sea ice age data showed that the HY-2A/SCAT multi-year ice extent variation had the same trend as the EASE-Grid data.Classification errors,defined as the ratio of the mismatched sea ice type points between HY-2A/SCAT and EASE-Grid to the total sea ice points,were less than 12%,and the average classification error was 8.6%for the study period,which indicated that the BP neural network classification was a feasible algorithm for HY-2A/SCAT sea ice type classification.     

URBAN INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION SYTEM FOR CHINA′S COASTAL PORT CITIES

（苏亚芳）ＵＲＢＡＮＩＮＶＥＳＴＭＥＮＴＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＳＹＴＥＭＦＯＲＣＨＩＮＡＳＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＰＯＲＴＣＩＴＩＥＳ￥ＳｕＹａｆａｎｇ（ＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎ...     

Urban investment environment information system for China’s coastal port cities

The paper mainly applies multi-disciplinary theories, methods and geographic information system (GIS) technology to study the investment environment for coastal port cities. The methods of studying urban investment environment using GIS prompted. In this paper, it is mentioned that the study of investment environment with GIS can be divided into 3 layers of macro scope, medium scope and micro scope in the paper. A powerful user-friendly UIEIS (Urban Investment Environment Information System) has been designed to study the urban investment environment. A series of application analysis models (including investment environment assessment models, investment site selection models, documental data management models, statistical data graph display model, economic analysis and prediction models, network analysis models) are developed for investment environment studies in coastal port cities. Ningbo, a very important coastal port city, is chosen as a pilot study city.     

中国高校GIS专业核心课程设置问题的探讨

1997年教育部对我国高等教育专业目录进行修订，在地理学科下增设了地理信息系统专业。本文针对中国高等学校GIS专业核心课程设置问题，从GIS专业课程体系及其分类入手，讨论了GIS专业的主要课程设置状况，在此基础上提出了核心课程设置的初步方案，并提出核心课程建设的具体对策与建议。     

城市GIS应用与发展之案例分析与对策

研究城市GIS持续发展问题,对于城市决策者具有很高的参考价值,对于GIS参与者也具有借鉴意义。以实现城市GIS持续发展为目标,调查了中、美、英11个都市区的GIS案例,围绕GIS组织管理、战略规划、数据开发等方面,分析这些城市的GIS应用与推广经验。在讨论城市GIS持续发展的基础上,中国城市GIS应用突破的关键在于:成立完善的组织体系;重视中长期的战略事项;落实项目管理;优先开发基础地理数据;注重GIS的投资效益。     

网格GIS体系结构及其实现技术

网格 GIS是实现广域网络环境中空间信息共享和协同服务的分布式 GIS软件平台和技术体系。将地理上分布、系统异构的各种计算机、空间数据服务器、大型检索存储系统、地理信息系统、虚拟现实系统等 ,通过高速互连网络连接并集成起来 ,形成对用户透明的虚拟的空间信息资源的超级处理环境就是网格地理信息系统。本文在分析网络空间数据特征的基础上 ,提出了网格 GIS的 5层体系结构模型,分析了空间(元)数据标准、空间服务标准、分布空间对象技术、构件与构件库技术、基于框架的互操作技术、中间件技术等 ,它们是实现该系统的关键技术。