云南镇康芦子园铅锌矿矿物成分及矿物嵌布特征

芦子园铅锌矿是近年来新发现的大型铅锌多金属矿床。已发现20多种矿物,金属矿物以闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿为主,脉石矿物以蔷薇辉石、方解石、石英等为主,脉石矿物总量高达89.04%。通过原矿X射线荧光光谱半定量分析、物相分析及扫描电镜分析等,综合分析原矿性质、矿物组成、有益元素赋存状态与主要矿物嵌布特征。结果显示,矿石中有益元素铜赋存在黄铜矿和黝铜矿及斑铜矿中,铅主要赋存在方铅矿中,锌主要赋存在闪锌矿中。矿石中大部分金属硫化物呈它形不规则状集合体,黄铜矿与方铅矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物密切共生。闪锌矿与方铅矿、黄铜矿与闪锌矿等的嵌布关系非常复杂,边界极不规则,且常常相互包裹,矿物工艺粒度较细,单体解离困难。闪锌矿中可见固溶体分离结构的细小粒状黄铜矿嵌布,这种形式嵌布的黄铜矿一般无法解离。     

广西平果太平矿区外围铝土矿石工艺矿物学研究

以广西平果县太平铝土矿区外围的矿石为研究对象,采用化学分析、X射线粉晶衍射、光学显微鉴定、X射线能谱分析等方法对矿石的化学组成、矿物组成、矿物嵌布特征等进行了系统研究。结果表明,太平矿区外围铝土矿属于高铁的一水硬铝石型铝土矿,其中Al_2O_3含量为53. 06%,A/S值为10. 74,适用于拜耳法回收;共伴生组分中Fe_2O_3、Ti O_2、Ga、Nb达到综合回收利用指标。矿石选冶回收的目标元素Al主要以一水硬铝石、三水铝石的形式存在,平衡配分占比分别为85. 9%、6. 73%。矿石复杂的结构构造、矿物嵌布粒度、矿石中Fe、Si等元素不均匀分布等因素对Al的选冶回收有一定的影响。     

黔北务-正-道铝土矿床矿物学特征研究

黔北务—正—道铝土矿集区为黔中—渝南铝土矿成矿带的重要组成部分,是贵州省主要的铝土矿成矿区带之一。含矿岩系为中二叠统梁山组,矿床成因属古风化壳沉积型。矿石化学成分分析显示,土状、碎屑状铝土矿中Al2O3含量较高,Al2O3/ SiO2值大,质量好,而豆鲕状、致密块状铝土矿中Al2O3含量较低,Al2O3/ SiO2值小,质量较差。显微观察、粉晶衍射和电子探针分析表明,铝土矿石中主要矿物为一水硬铝石、勃姆石和粘土矿物,其中一水硬铝石多为短柱、半自形-自形晶体,呈集合体分布,粘土矿物以高岭石为主,呈孤岛、残留环状产出,其次见伊利石、蒙托石、绿泥石等,副矿物有黄铁矿、磁铁矿、长石、石英、金红石、锆石、锐钛矿、方解石和白云石等。铝土岩中主要矿物为粘土矿物,以高岭石为主,其它矿物和铝土矿相似。铝土矿石的主要元素Al2O3、SiO2、TFe2O3 和TiO2含量之和大于83%,烧失量小于14%,而铝土岩的Al2O3、SiO2、TFe2O3 和TiO2含量之和小于80%,烧失量大于15%。可见铝土矿和铝土岩在主要矿物组成和主要组分总量上具有明显差异。结合以往研究资料,本文解析铝土矿形成过程为韩家店组砂页岩(成矿母岩)在适宜的气候条件下,经风化、淋滤等作用,形成富集Al、Ti等惰性元素的风化残积物和以高岭石为主的粘土矿物,随后被迁移、搬运至河湖盆地环境中,在沉积分过程中粘土矿物不断脱硅、去铁、富铝,形成铝土岩层,经埋深压实、成岩成矿作用后进一步脱硅、去铁、富铝,最终在中二叠世形成以一水硬铝石为主的铝土矿工业矿体。     

黔北务-正-道地区铝土矿床的矿物学特征

黔北务-正-道铝土矿集区为黔中—渝南铝土矿成矿带的重要组成部分,是贵州省主要的铝土矿成矿区之一。含矿岩系为中二叠统梁山组,矿床成因属古风化壳沉积型。矿石化学成分分析显示,土状、碎屑状铝土矿中Al_2O_3含量较高,Al_2O_3/SiO_2值大,质量好,而豆鲕状、致密块状铝土矿中Al_2O_3含量较低,Al_2O_3/SiO_2值小,质量较差。显微观察、粉晶衍射和电子探针分析表明,铝土矿石中主要矿物为一水硬铝石、勃姆石和粘土矿物,其中一水硬铝石多为短柱、半自形—自形晶体,呈集合体分布,粘土矿物以高岭石为主,呈孤岛、残留环状产出,其次见伊利石、蒙托石、绿泥石等,副矿物有黄铁矿、磁铁矿、长石、石英、金红石、锆石、锐钛矿、方解石和白云石等。铝土岩中主要矿物为粘土矿物,以高岭石为主,其它矿物和铝土矿相似。铝土矿石的主要元素Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TFe_2O_3和TiO_2含量之和大于83%,烧失量小于14%,而铝土岩的Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TFe_2O_3和TiO_2含量之和小于80%,烧失量大于15%。可见铝土矿和铝土岩在主要矿物组成和主要组分总量上具有明显差异。结合以往研究资料,本文解析铝土矿形成过程为韩家店组砂页岩(成矿母岩)在适宜的气候条件下,经风化、淋滤等作用,形成富集Al、Ti等惰性元素的风化残积物和以高岭石为主的粘土矿物,随后被迁移、搬运至河湖盆地环境中,在沉积分异过程中粘土矿物不断脱硅、去铁、富铝,形成铝土岩层,经埋深压实、成岩成矿作用后进一步脱硅、去铁、富铝,最终在中二叠世形成以一水硬铝石为主的铝土矿工业矿体。     

贵州省凯里市大田铝土矿矿床地质特征及成矿规律分析

凯里市大田铝土矿是贵州省重要铝土矿成矿带凯里─黄平矿集区(带)内的重要矿床。通过工作发现:①二叠系梁山组是其含矿层位,矿体呈似层状、透镜状/漏斗状产出,总体走向NE,平均厚2.59 m,w(Al₂O₃)平均值为64.25%,铝硅比平均为5.25,铝土矿(332+333)矿石资源量978.38×10⁴ t;②矿石矿物以一水硬铝石为主,矿石结构一般为自形、半自形或它形粒状结构,构造主要为块状构造、孔隙状构造、层纹状构造,矿石类型以低硫低铁铝土矿为主;③矿床受断裂构造影响较大,在该区西北部的泥质岩相带中铝土矿成矿较好,矿体厚度与含矿岩系厚度成正比,矿石的w(Al₂O₃)值与w(SiO₂)值成反比;④高坡场组古岩溶洼地、槽沟是该区铝土矿找矿的有利部位。     

会理水绿箐铁矿床成矿规律及远景

四川会理水绿箐铁矿主要赋存于会理群力马河组第三段地层中,呈似层状产出,为沉积变质型铁矿。铁矿体产于石英纳长岩中,在岩层较破碎地段矿体体较富。矿石主要为灰—深灰色,半自形～自形粒状结构,浸染状构造。矿石矿物由磁铁矿、钛铁矿、赤铁矿、褐铁矿等矿物组成。通过该矿区铁矿床类型、矿石质量特征等的研究类比,认为通安是会理地区一个寻找铁矿的潜在远景区。     

我国—水硬铝石型铝土矿矿石物质成分特征

世界上的一水硬铝石型铝土矿数我国储量最大.它是国内生产氧化铝唯一的原料.近年也发现一些一水硬铝石——水软铝石型铝土矿.现把矿石物质成分特征概述如下.矿石化学成分和矿物组分在地区上的分布特征我国铝土矿主要分布于河南、山西、广西、贵州、山东和云南等省.现将各地区矿石的化学成分列于表1;表2列出了主要矿物在地区上的分布特征,此外尚有少量的电气石、板钛矿、钛铁矿、磁铁矿、黄钾铁钒、屑石、石榴石、白钛矿、蛋白石、黑云母、辉石等.由表可见,除广西为低硅、高铁铝土矿外,其余几乎都是高铝、高硅、低铁铝土矿,铝的主要工业矿物是一水硬铝石.     

会理水绿箐铁矿床成矿规律及远景

四川会理水绿箐铁矿主要赋存于会理群力马河组第三段地层中,呈似层状产出,为沉积变质型铁矿。铁矿体产于石英纳长岩中,在岩层较破碎地段矿体体较富。矿石主要为灰—深灰色,半自形～自形粒状结构,浸染状构造。矿石矿物由磁铁矿、钛铁矿、赤铁矿、褐铁矿等矿物组成。通过该矿区铁矿床类型、矿石质量特征等的研究类比,认为通安是会理地区一个寻找铁矿的潜在远景区。     

贵州猫场铝土矿地质特征及成矿模式

贵州清镇猫场铝土矿矿床是黔中铝土矿带西南端一个特大型隐伏矿床。产于下石炭统九架炉组中。矿体呈层状，透镜状产出。矿石矿物成份简单，为一水硬铝石。自然类型有：碎屑状，土状，致密状铝土矿。共生和伴生矿产有：赤铁矿，黄铁矿和稀有元素镓，可综合利用。     

黔北务—正—道铝土矿中稀土元素赋存状态

铝土矿中常伴生稀土等重要的战略性矿产资源,具有巨大潜在经济价值.本文通过化学物相分析,包括水溶相、离子相、胶态沉积相和矿物相4个相态进行逐级分离,以及碳酸盐类、有机质、铁矿物类、石英及硅酸盐类进行逐级分离等,研究了黔北务—正—道铝土矿中稀土元素的赋存状态.结果表明,该区铝土矿中稀土元素主要是以矿物相和离子相为主,水溶相稀土和胶态沉积相稀土极少,且矿物相稀土元素主要赋存于硅酸盐类矿物中.结合该区铝土矿矿物组成特征,认为粘土矿物是其中稀土元素主要的载体矿物,主要呈类质同象形式赋存于粘土矿物(如高岭石和绿泥石等)中,部分稀土元素呈分散状态被铝矿物(如一水硬铝石、软水铝石、三水铝石等)以及粘土矿物吸附.     

华北石炭——二叠纪煤系粘土岩夹矸中铝的氢氧化物矿物研究

华北石炭——二叠纪煤系太原组和山西组不同煤层粘土岩夹矸中,广泛含有一水软铝石、一水硬铝石和三水铝石。大多数一水铝石矿物呈薄纹层状、似层状及层状聚集于富岩质及富有有机质粘土岩夹矸条带中,有的呈细脉状沿炭质条带及粘土岩夹矸层理的节理裂隙分布,并与玉髓、方解石、高岭石或迪开石和铵云母细脉共生。铝的氢氧化物矿物可以作为成岩古温度和成岩阶段划分的标志矿物。最后还讨论了该矿物的成因。     

华北石炭─二叠纪煤系粘土岩夹矸中铝的氢氧化物矿物研究

华北石炭─二叠纪煤系太原组和山西组不同煤层粘土岩夹矸中，广泛含有一水软铝石、一水硬铝石和三水铝石。大多数一水铝石矿物呈薄纹层状、似层状及层状聚集于富岩质及富有有机质粘土岩夹矸条带中，有的呈细脉状沿炭质条带及粘土岩夹矸层理的节理裂隙分布，并与玉髓、方解石、高岭石或迪开石和铵云母细脉共生。铝的氢氧化物矿物可以作为成岩古温度和成岩阶段划分的标志矿物。最后还讨论了该矿物的成因。     

云南禄丰鹅头厂铁铜矿床中稀土矿物的发现及意义

云南禄丰鹅头厂铁铜矿床是滇中地区著名的元古宙含铜富铁矿床之一,矿床中除了铁、铜等资源外,还伴生少量的稀土组分。本文利用国际上矿物与地质行业前沿的矿物自动分析测试方法——矿物表征自动定量分析系统(AMICS),结合扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)显微结构原位分析技术,完成了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物定量识别和鉴定,首次在禄丰鹅头厂铁铜矿床中发现了氟碳钙铈矿、氟碳铈矿、褐钇铌矿等独立的稀土矿物。其中,氟碳钙铈矿主要富集在条纹条带状矿石中,分布极不均匀,局部富集,主要呈微细粒半自形至它形粒状晶体,多为微细粒的不规则粒状集合体,与磁铁矿间隙中的方解石和绿泥石等脉石矿物紧密共生,在氟碳钙铈矿颗粒中普遍含有呈板状或柱状、片状、针状的微细粒氟碳铈矿;褐钇铌矿也主要富集在条纹条带状矿石中,呈细小的不规则粒状,与铁氧化物边缘缝隙中的绿泥石等脉石矿物紧密共生。X射线能谱分析表明,氟碳钙铈矿和氟碳铈矿富含轻稀土元素,以Ce、Nd、La为主,含量一般Ce La Nd,含少量Pr、Y等元素;褐钇铌矿中主要金属元素有Nb、Y、Ce、Nd、Fe、Ti、Mg、Ca、U等,其中Nb的含量较高,稀土元素以Y为主,并含少量Ce、Nd等。稀土矿物的发现,对探讨该矿床及整个滇中地区前寒武纪(中元古代)铁-铜(-稀土)矿床的成因有着一定的指示意义。根据矿床中稀土-铁氧化物的产出特征和区域成矿地质背景,结合前人研究成果,认为鹅头厂矿床中稀土-铁氧化物的形成与Columbia超大陆裂解时的深部(地幔)岩浆活动有关,并受到多期次后期热液事件的叠加改造。     

粤北棉花坑铀矿床矿物共生组合特征及其意义

基于棉花坑矿床不同类型铀矿石中矿物共生组合关系研究,讨论了棉花坑矿床成矿作用过程中铀的沉淀富集机制。研究结果显示,棉花坑矿床铀矿体主要呈脉状充填或细脉浸染状产出;铀矿石类型包括萤石型、碳酸盐型、硅质脉型和红化型。虽然不同矿石类型中成矿期形成的脉石矿物种类存在差异,但均表现出以下共性特点:铀矿物赋存于脉状充填矿石的中心部位或两壁,或与成矿期脉石矿物相间排列;或呈细脉状、浸染状赋存于碎裂蚀变花岗岩内;与成矿期脉石矿物(主要包括方解石、萤石、微晶石英)镶嵌生长;铀矿物与黄铁矿以集合态或相对独立态密切共生,两者之间及其与成矿期脉石矿物晶体之间界线平直,晶形完好,镶嵌生长。认为棉花坑矿床铀矿石中黄铁矿与铀矿物之间不存在先后的成生关系,均为成矿流体共结晶产物;铀沉淀成矿与氧化还原作用无关,减压、温度下降以及成矿流体p H值、溶解度(饱和度)变化,是制约铀矿物以及相关脉石矿物结晶沉淀的主要因素。     

Applied Mineralogical Studies on Iranian Titanium Deposits

Qara-aghaj and Skandian as hard rock titanium deposit and Kahnooj one as a placer deposit were investigated from applied mineralogical point of view. The mineralogical studies were carried out using XRD, XRF, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. These studies indicated that ilmenite and magnetite are main valuable minerals in the studied ores. Pyroxene, olivine and plagioclase are the main gangue minerals in Qara-aghaj ore while chlorite and plagioclase are the major gangue minerals in Skandian ore. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, amphibole, feldspate and some quartz are the important gangue minerals in kahnooj deposit. In all three ores ilmenite is mainly in the form of ilmenite grains but some lamellae of ilmenite with thickness between 0.1 to 20 μm have been occurred as exsolution textures inside magnetite grains, where the magnetite here can be referred to as ilmenomagnetite. In the hard rock ores some fine ilmenites have been disseminated in silicate minerals. The liberation degree of granular ilmenite was determined 150, 140 and 200 μm for Qara-aghaj, Skandian and Kahnooj, respectively. So, only the granular form of ilmenite is recoverable by physical methods. Some sphene and rutile as titanium containing minerals were observed mainly inside ilmenite phase in kahnooj ore. Some fine rutile was also found inside Skandian ilmenite while there were not any other titanium minerals inside Qara-aghaj ilmenite. Apatite is another valuable mineral which was found only in Qara-aghaj ore. Using SEM and microprobe analysis it was found that there are different amounts of exsolved fine lamellae of hematite inside ilmenite in Qara-aghaj and Kahnooj ores while it was not observed in Sckandian one. The average contents of TiO2 in the lattice of Qara-aghaj, Skandian and Kahnooj ilmenite were determined 51.13, 50.9% and 52.02%, respectively. FeO content of ilmenite lattice for all three samples is clearly lower than the theoretical content. This is due to the substitution of Mg and Mn for some Fe2+ ions in the ilmenite lattice. V2O3 content of magnetite lattice is up to 1%. So, magnetite can be a suitable source for production of vanadium as a by-product in all three deposits.     

河南巩县铝土矿及其含矿岩系的岩石学矿物学特点

河南巩县铝土矿位于华北地台的南部,其基底岩系为前寒武纪的变质岩系,其上有震旦系、寒武系和下、中奥陶统的地层。中奥陶统灰岩层是铝土矿的直接底板,灰岩的顶面凹凸不平,多被铁质浸染呈黄褐色,局部地方有残积的贫铁矿层,中石炭统铝土矿层呈平行不整合覆盖其上。     

铝土矿粘土研究的回顾(续)

我国球粘土应成为独立矿种,湖沼球粘土中含“内胶体”的自生高岭石是生物有机质作用造成,水云母、I-M间层粘土矿物及有机质会增加可塑性、粘结性及干燥强度,钾、钠的增加可降低烧结温度。沉积球粘土与残积成因高岭石为无序或较无序,古生代煤系高岭石为有序和高度有序,岩浆热液成因的高岭石常为有序或高度有序;北方古生代软质粘土（紫矸）为规模较大、较为均匀稳定的高度有序高岭石,应积极开发。硬水铝石岩溶铝土矿应属于生物有机质成矿作用的沉积型铝土矿。     

八卦庙金矿床中含金石英脉的地球化学特征及意义

八卦庙金矿床是分布于秦岭造山带中的一种中高温碳酸盐型热液金矿床。石英是其主要的脉石矿物之一，与金矿化密切相关。根据含金石英脉的产状可将其分为三种类型：①顺层石英脉；②含铁白云石石英脉；③ＮＥ向节理石英脉。它们在微量元素和稀土元素的组成特征上有一定的差异，分别形成于金的不同成矿阶段，是金在成矿作用过程中演化的产物。同时，为八卦庙金矿的成矿提供了条件。石英中包裹体测温结果为八卦庙金矿床的中温成因提供了证据     

Mineralogy, chemistry and genesis of Nishikhal manganese ores of South Orissa, India

Manganese ores of Nishikhal occur as distinctly conformable bands in the khondalite suite of rocks belonging to the Precambrian Eastern Ghats complex of south Orissa, India. Manganese minerals recorded are cryptomelane, romanechite, pyrolusite, with minor amounts of jacobsite, hausmannite, braunite, lithiophorite, birnessite and pyrophanite. Goethite, graphite, hematite and magnetite are the other opaque minerals and quartz, orthoclase, garnet, kaolinite, apatite, collophane, fibrolite, zircon, biotite and muscovite are the gangue minerals associated with these ores. The mineral chemistry of some of the phases, as well as the modes of association of phosphorous in these ores have been established. The occurrence of well-defined bands of manganese ore; co-folding of manganese ore bands and associated metasedimentary country rocks; the min-eral assemblage of spessartite-sillimanite-braunite-jacobsite-hausmannite; the geochemical association of Mn-Ba-Co-Ni-Zn together with the Si versus Al and Na versus Mg plots of the manganese ores suggest that the Nishikhal deposit is a metamorphosed Precambrian lacustrine deposit. Continental weathering appears to be the source for manganese and iron. After deposition and probable diagenesis, the manganese-rich sediments were metamorphosed along with conformable psammitic and pelitic sediments under granulite facies conditions, and subsequently underwent supergene enrichment to produce the present deposit. Received: 14 March 1995 / Accepted: 11 April 1996     

Rosia Poieni copper deposit,Apuseni Mountains,Romania: advanced argillic overprint of a porphyry system

The Rosia Poieni deposit is the largest porphyry copper deposit in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are related to the Middle Miocene emplacement of a subvolcanic body, the Fundoaia microdiorite. Zonation of the alteration associated with the porphyry copper deposit is recognized from the deep and central part of the porphyritic intrusion towards shallower and outer portions. Four alteration types have been distinguished: potassic, phyllic, advanced argillic, and propylitic. Potassic alteration affects mainly the Fundoaia subvolcanic body. The andesitic host rocks are altered only in the immediate contact zone with the Fundoaia intrusion. Mg-biotite and K-feldspar are the main alteration minerals of the potassic assemblage, accompanied by ubiquitous quartz; chlorite, and anhydrite are also present. Magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor bornite, are associated with this alteration. Phyllic alteration has overprinted the margin of the potassic zone, and formed peripheral to it. It is characterized by the replacement of almost all early minerals by abundant quartz, phengite, illite, variable amounts of illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals, minor smectite, and kaolinite. Pyrite is abundant and represents the main sulfide in this alteration zone. Advanced argillic alteration affects the upper part of the volcanic structure. The mineral assemblage comprises alunite, kaolinite, dickite, pyrophyllite, diaspore, aluminium-phosphate-sulphate minerals (woodhouseite-svanbergite series), zunyite, minamyite, pyrite, and enargite (luzonite). Alunite forms well-developed crystals. Veins with enargite (luzonite) and pyrite in a gangue of quartz, pyrophyllite and diaspore, are present within and around the subvolcanic intrusion. This alteration type is partially controlled by fractures. A zonal distribution of alteration minerals is observed from the centre of fractures outwards with: (1) vuggy quartz; (2) quartz + alunite; (3) quartz + kaolinite ± alunite and, in the deeper part of the argillic zone, quartz + pyrophyllite + diaspore; (4) illite + illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals ± kaolinite ± alunite, and e) chlorite + albite + epidote. Propylitic alteration is present distal to all other alteration types and consists of chlorite, epidote, albite, and carbonates. Mineral parageneses, mineral stability fields, and alteration mineral geothermometers indicate that the different alteration assemblages are the result of changes in both fluid composition and temperature of the system. The alteration minerals reflect cooling of the hydrothermal system from >400 °C (biotite), to 300–200 °C (chlorite and illite in veinlets) and to lower temperatures of kaolinite, illite-smectite mixed layers, and smectite crystallization. Hydrothermal alteration started with an extensive potassic zone in the central part of the system that passed laterally to the propylitic zone. It was followed by phyllic overprint of the early-altered rocks. Nearly barren advanced argillic alteration subsequently superimposed the upper levels of the porphyry copper alteration zones. The close spatial association between porphyry mineralization and advanced argillic alteration suggests that they are genetically part of the same magmatic-hydrothermal system that includes a porphyry intrusion at depth and an epithermal environment of the advanced argillic type near the surface.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann