河南邙山晚更新世黄土的环境记录

数十年来,黄土高原的古环境研究受到了高度重视并取得重大进展,但对其东南部的研究却相对较薄弱。位于黄土高原东南边缘的邙山塬因受气候、构造等营力的交互作用而发育巨厚的黄土地层,记录了东亚古环境演变的详细信息。笔者近年来对邙山黄土地层进行了深入研究,以黄土高原经典的洛川剖面为参照,对位于河南省荥阳市北邙乡刘沟村的赵下峪剖面进行了详细划分。邙山黄土S10以上黄土-古土壤序列,总厚度达172.1m,其中末次间冰期S1古土壤厚15.7m,末次冰期L1黄土厚77.3m,是由早冰阶L1LL1黄土、间冰阶L1SS1古土壤和晚冰阶L1LL2黄土组成的复合黄土     

中原邙山黄土地层

位于黄土高原与华北平原过渡带上的中原黄土地层,以邙山赵下峪剖面为其典型代表。据光释光和热释光测年及磁性地层研究结果,该剖面从邙山塬面至黄河河床出露S₀-S₁₀黄土-古土壤序列,总厚度172.1m,B/M界线记录于S₈古土壤层顶部,以厚层晚更新世S₁古土壤(15.7m)和巨厚L₁黄土(77.3m)为其特色。赵下峪剖面上末次间冰期以来的平均沉积速率明显增大,其中以末次冰期晚冰阶L₁LL₁黄土的沉积速率最大,高达34.5mm/a。在邙山黄土堆积过程中,倒数第二冰期末(相当于L₂顶部),约150ka B P,发生了风尘沉积速率的突变,其原因是此时黄河贯通三门峡东流,给风尘源区带来丰富的物质。同时赵下峪剖面的磁化率曲线所示,黄土-古土壤的磁化率强弱,并不简单地反映夏季风强度,也要受到沉积速率变化的影响。      

四川金川黄土地层

马厂剖面中黄土-古土壤序列共厚15．5m,根据岩性、磁性地层特征、磁化率、CaCO3含量和光释光测年结果,将金川黄土划分为冰后期S0古土壤,末次冰期1-1黄土,末次间冰期S1古土壤、倒数第二冰期L2黄土和倒数第二间冰期S2古土壤等5个地层单位;其中,S1复合型古土壤又可细分为S1LL1、S1LL2黄土和S1SS1、S1SS2和S1SS3古土壤等5个次级地层单位。金川黄土沉积始于中更新世晚期,其底界的年龄人致为200ka BP,其磁化率变化反映了最近200ka来的高原季风演化和气候环境变迁,5个磁化率高值段指示了5个夏季风环流增强的时段,4个磁化率低值段则代表了4次夏季风减弱的时期。     

郑州邙山桃花峪高分辨率晚更新世黄土地层

风成邙山黄土分布于河南郑州西北黄河南岸。黄土序列较完整,初步研究了桃花峪剖面S₂以上黄土地层,S₀、L₁、S₁、L₂和S₂分别厚0.6m、70.8m、9.9m、12.4m和1.0m。特别有意义的是晚更新世马兰黄土厚度巨大,分辨率高。以10cm间距对邙山桃花峪剖面进行了磁化率测量,并与海洋氧同位素时间序列进行对比,按Kukla等的磁化率年龄模式,获得相应的年代时间标尺。对末次冰期黄土以40cm间距进行了粒度分析,不同冰期或冰阶的平均沉积速率和分辨率有很大的差异。特别是末次冰期晚冰阶黄土粒度所反映的冬季风振荡的频率和幅度都超过了格陵兰冰芯记录。邙山晚更新世黄土地层是进行高分辨率黄土地层与短时间尺度过去全球变化研究的极好对象.      

川西漳腊黄土地层与气候变化

川西高原风成黄土广泛分布,其中漳腊盆地黄土剖面厚约9.5 m。根据磁化率、粒度和地层特征,并通过与金川黄土和甘孜黄土剖面的对比,可将漳腊黄土地层划分为冰后期S0古土壤、末次冰期L1复合黄土、末次间冰期S1复合古土壤、倒数第二冰期L2黄土等4个地层单位,其中L1复合黄土可细分为L1L1、L1S1、L1L2、L1S2和L1...     

末次间冰期以来对宁黄土剖面的热释光测年

利用细颗粒热释光技术对陇西黄土高原会宁黄土剖面末次间冰期以来黄土、古土壤的8个样品进行了年龄测定,并在此基础上分别利用线性内插和多项式回归方法建立了会宁剖面深度-年代时间模式,以2种模式计算的S0/L1、L1/S1、S1/L2界线年龄与SPECMAP深海氧同位素1/2、4/5、5/6阶段的界线年龄可较好对比,这为末次间冰期以来会宁地区古气候演化的深入研究提供了基本时间框架。     

南京地区下蜀黄土磁性地层年代与古环境变化

通过对南京江北泰山新村下蜀土剖面所采的144个样品和南京江南燕子矶下蜀土剖面所采的467个样品所进行的古地磁测年、磁化率测量和粒度测定,建立了南京地区下蜀黄土地层220kaB.P.以来较精细的时间标尺;在此工作基础上,将南京下蜀黄土堆积所记录的环境信息同北方经典黄土、深海沉积氧同位素记录进行了对比,发现燕子矶剖面磁化率曲线能够与深海沉积氧同位素曲线1—7阶段进行良好的对比,两者之间的细节变化具有一致性,其中S0表现为高值,可与氧同位素曲线阶段1对比,为一高温期;L1可以划分为两层黄土(L1LL1、L1LL2)和一层弱发育的古土壤(L1SS1),L1LL1和L1LL2可与阶段2和4对比,L1SS1可与阶段3对比;S1古土壤层由3个古土壤亚层(S1SS1、S1SS2、S1SS3)和2个弱成土亚层(S1LL1、S1LL2)叠置而成,磁化率曲线具有明显的三峰夹两谷形式,正好可与氧同位素阶段5对比,表明这一时期的古气候特点是在湿热的背景下有两次干冷波动,其中S1SS1、S1SS2、S1SS3分别对应于5a、5c、5e,S1LL1、S1LL2对应于5b、5d;L2黄土磁化率曲线整体呈谷形,但中下部有一次峰,下部磁化率偏高,与阶段6的曲线特征相吻合;S2古土壤层未见底,目前获得的磁化率曲线特征可与7a和7b对比。以上研究结果确立了江南风尘堆积的古气候全球变化意义。     

甘肃临夏黄土剖面：15万年环境演变的良好记录

历经15万年的甘肃临夏北塬黄土剖面,沉积速率大、古土壤序列完整。特别是在距今14—8万年的末次间冰期形成的三层古土壤,末次冰期间冰段形成的数层弱成土型古土壤,其特征优于其它黄土剖面。对北塬剖面磁化率、孢粉、粒度、地球化学特征的综合研究表明,该剖面完整地记录了15万年以来的环境变化,为检验以往从大陆冰盖和深海沉积中得出的环境变化模式提供了途径。     

郑州邙山官庄峪黄土地层研究

邙山官庄峪剖面共厚154.9 m, 出露S10及以上黄土-古土壤地层序列, 特征的马兰黄土厚度达70.125 m, 具有明显的粗粒、均匀特点, 且在该段地层中部, 并没有比较明显的弱古土壤层。磁性地层测量表明B/M界线置于深度132.04 m处, 位于L8的下部; 剖面底部未进入Jaramillo正极性亚时。与赵下峪剖面对比结果显示, 以B/M界线为标志, 72 m以下地层两者高度一致, 只是对地层的划分不同而已; 但赵下峪剖面中比较特征的具有较高磁化率值的L1SS1地层单元, 在官庄峪剖面却无明显表现, 其原因可能需进一步深入研究。      

河北平原中部保定西伯章剖面晚第四纪沉积特征及其环境意义

对河北平原中部保定西伯章厚20.74 m的剖面进行实测,系统采集粒度和光释光（OSL）样品进行分析,以期获得其沉积特征及环境演变信息。光释光测年显示该剖面为102~8.69 ka的沉积,时代属于晚更新世到早全新世。岩性和粒度分析表明该剖面为曲流河冲积沉积,可以进一步划分为河道沉积和河漫滩沉积。河道沉积以含云母碎片的中粗砂为主,发育斜层理,频率曲线以正偏双峰频率曲线为主,分选中等到较差,概率累积曲线以跳跃组分为主的两段式为主。河漫滩沉积以黏土质粉砂为主,含保存良好的腹足类化石和钙质结核,频率曲线以负偏双峰为主,分选差,概率累积曲线以悬浮组分占比大的两段式为主。C-M图显示该剖面以均匀悬浮沉积为主,属典型曲流河沉积。实测剖面与黄土剖面对比分析显示西伯章剖面可以分为三个阶段,下部20.74~16.14 m为末次间冰期晚期沉积,气候温暖湿润,以粉砂质沉积为主;中部16.14~3.18 m为末次冰期沉积,气候干冷,沉积物显示细—粗—细的特征,与末次冰期早冰阶—间冰阶—盛冰阶一一对应;上部3.18~0.2 m为冰后期沉积,与末次间冰期晚期沉积环境类似,以黏土和黏土质粉砂沉积为主。粒度成因分析揭示了河北平原中部保定凹陷区晚第四纪沉积环境主要为河流冲积环境,粒度阶段性分布特征是晚第四纪以来冰期-间冰期气候的物质响应。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of