气候变化和人类活动对华北平原水资源影响分析

华北平原是我国粮食的重要产地.地下水资源是该地区的主要供水水源,在开采量增加和气候变化的影响下,水资源问题制约着该地区的发展.特别是近些年来降水量减少、气温呈上升趋势,使本来就少的水资源更削弱了补给资源.通过对降水、蒸发、地表径流、地下水流场变化、地下水资源的系列变化分析,认为降水量减少、气温升高、人类治水工程和开采地下水等因素是造成本地区水资源减少的重要原因.     

人类活动与海河平原水资源关系研究

海河平原是华北地区的主要平原。随着山前拦蓄地表水工程的实施，地下水资源已成为该地区的主要供水水源，在开采量增加和气候变化的影响下，水资源问题制约着该地区的发展。特别是近些年来降水量减少、气温呈上升趋势，使本来就少的水资源更削弱了补给资源。通过对降水、蒸发、地表径流、地下水流场变化、地下水资源的系列变化性分析，认为降水量减少、气温升高而引起的蒸散发量增大，人类治水工程和开采地下水等因素是造成本地区水资源减少的重要条件。     

气候变化及人类活动对水资源的影响探讨——以河北省为例

由于气候变化和人类活动的影响,河北省水资源量处于减少态势。降水量减少、气温升高是造成水资源减少的根本原因。地下水超采所引起的地下水位持续下降,造成地表产流减少,使降水对地下水的补给量减少。作物产量水平的提高,在直接消耗大量水资源和土壤水分的同时,也使农田蒸散加强,造成地表径流量和地下水补给量的减少。要充分考虑环境变化对水资源的影响,加强地下水位大埋深条件下,地表产流量,地下水补给量,以及作物产量水平提高对水资源影响的实验研究。     

环境变化对晋中市可利用水资源的影响

环境变化及其对可利用水资源的影响是复杂的,根据50年代以来的大量统计数据分析表明,近30年来,由于自然环境的变化、人类活动的增强,晋中市可利用水资源量处于减少的态势。降水量减少、气温升高是造成水资源减少的根本原因。地下水超采所引起的地下水位持续下降,不仅造成地表产流减少,而且使降水对地下水的补给量减少。作物产量水平的提高,在直接消耗大量水资源和土壤水分的同时,也使农田蒸散加强,从而造成地表径流量和地下水补给量的减少。在新一轮水资源评价中,要充分考虑环境变化对水资源的影响,加强地下水位大埋深条件下,地表产流量,地下水补给量,以及作物产量水平提高对水资源影响的实验研究,以提高新一轮水资源评价成果的精度。     

1957—2006年河西走廊中部气候变化对水资源的影响

利用河西走廊中部1957—2006年6个气象站的气候资料,对气温、降水的变化特征以及由此引起的水资源的变化进行统计分析.结果表明:年平均气温整体以0.40℃.(10a)-1的速率上升,气温偏高主要是在冬季,春、夏季变化幅度不大.降水量的变化以2.81mm.(10a)-1的速度在递增,1980年代末至1990年代前期降水量出现下降,1990年代后期又开始缓慢增加.气温升高、降水量的增加、蒸发量的减少,意味着该地区气候由暖干向暖湿转变.水资源总量、河川径流量呈缓慢上升趋势,与降水量的变化具有一致性.     

烟台市牟平区降水量变化对地下水埋深的影响分析

地下水资源作是农业灌溉、工矿和城市的重要水源。地下水的主要来源是降水的入渗补给,降水量变化是影响地下水埋深的重要因素之一。本文利用烟台市牟平区2008-2017年降水量和地下水埋深资料,分析年际与年内降水量变化与地下水埋深变化的对应关系,为正确评价和合理开发牟平区的水资源提供决策依据。     

河北平原区年降雨入渗补给系数的初步分析

降雨入渗补给系数在平原地区地下水资源评价与三水转化的研究中,是一个十分重要的水文参数,其精度直接影响到水资源评价及其研究成果的可靠性。本文以我省黑龙港及运东平原地区(简称黑运地区)为例,探求降雨入渗补给量随降水量及地下水埋深而变化的规律,这对于地表水资源缺乏的河北平原地区的地下水资源评价、合理调控地下水,增加水资源可利用量均有一定的实用意义。     

基于GRACE 和GLDAS 的塔里木河流域地下水储量演变规律研究

塔里木河流域位于中国西北干旱区,降水稀少,生态脆弱,水资源是维系当地社会经济发展和生态健康的关键因素。文章利用GRACE重力卫星数据和GLDAS全球陆面同化系统数据识别了塔里木河流域2003~2019年地下水储量变化,并分析其时空分布规律。结果显示,2003~2019年间塔里木河流域地下水储量整体呈下降趋势,速率为-2.13 mm/a。在空间分布上,由北向南,地下水储量的下降降幅逐渐减少,天山南坡中段地区地下水亏损最大,而塔里木河下游地下水储量稳步回升,与近十多年的应急生态输水有关。此外,塔里木河流域地下水储量变化与年降水量存在比较一致的年际变化特征。2004、2006~2009年降水量偏少,地下水储量显著减少,降水量多的年份,地下水储量出现回升。基于GRACE和GLDAS的地下水储量分析方法对于对监测缺乏地下水站网的塔里木河流域地下水资源具有较大应用潜力。     

喀什噶尔河流域水文气象特征及地下水开发利用潜力分析

喀什噶尔河流域位于我国新疆维吾尔自治区的西南部,水资源是该区域经济发展、农民增收和社会稳定进步的基础命脉。为研究流域水文气象特征及地下水开发利用潜力,基于历史水文气象资料和地下水开采量进行具体分析,结果显示:流域水文气象特征主要表现为降水量区域分布差异大,一年四季气候变化较大,气温变化显著,昼夜温差较大;流域广大地区降水稀少,平原无降水径流产生,海拔5 000 m以上的冰川和永久性积雪是径流补给的主要来源;流域内灌区地下水可开采量为114 776. 00万m3,地下水用水量为86 154. 17万m3,占可开采量的75. 06%,地下水开发利用程度中等,具有一定的开发利用潜力。分析结果对流域水资源的可持续利用具有很大的意义。     

黑河流域走廊平原地下水补给源组成及其变化

通过环境同位素、水文分割法和相关分析研究表明,祁连山区降水、冰川雪融水和基岩裂隙水通过出山口地表径流补给构成黑河流域走廊平原地下水主要补给源,具有年际和年内丰枯动态变化规律,与祁连山区降水量和气温的关联度分别为0.97和0.79,与平原张掖站降水量和气温的关联度分别为0.43和0.60。在自然径流条件下,祁连山区降水量变化是改变走廊平原地下水补给的主导因素,约占91%权重;气温变化是重要影响因素,约占9%权重。20世纪80年代以来祁连山区各补给源处于偏丰期。因此,近年来走廊平原地下水补给量相对50年代减少27.1%,人类活动是重要影响因素,急需加强科学调控。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with