岩体卸荷松动模式及其离散元模拟

以黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址为例，概化了坝址区岩体卸荷松动变形模式，同时建立了地质模型。利用2D—Block离散元程序进行数值模拟，显现坝址区岩体卸荷松动过程，为坝址松动岩体的利用和改良提供科学的依据。     

黄河大柳树坝址岩体破坏机制动力模拟试验分析

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址区存在大范围的岩体松动破坏现象，其主要特征是岩体应力释放，结构面张开，密度显著下降。为进一步研究岩体松动的成因机制，在详细调查区域地质背景条件及区域地震动力作用基础之上，提出了地震动力作用与岩体松动现象的内在联系。通过动力模拟试验进一步证明大柳树坝址区存在的大深度、大范围岩体松动与历史上该地区发生的强烈地震具有密切关系。因此在目前的工程地质条件下，一旦发生较大强度的地震活动，坝址区所遭受的破坏程度会更大，对拟建的水利工程设施将产生严重威胁。     

澜沧江上游河谷卸荷松弛区地下水位分布成因

澜沧江上游两岸山体普遍存在强卸荷松弛和地下水位低缓现象,深入研究岸坡卸荷松弛区水文地质特性可为开展水电工程运行期渗流特征分析和渗控设计提供依据。澜沧江深切河谷区地下水位低缓成因复杂,选取上游某水电站坝址区为研究对象,从区域条件和局部条件综合分析地下水位低缓的原因,构建研究区考虑卸荷松弛分带的水文地质结构和地下水流模型,模拟与验证自然条件下地下水渗流规律。结果表明：研究区地下水位低缓既受控于区域地下水流与澜沧江的共同作用,又是河谷岸坡坡度、表层滑带、岩层结构、卸荷裂隙等局部水文地质条件阻碍降雨入渗补给地下水的内部表现;降雨径流受地形控制,主要经地表及强卸荷裂隙排泄至澜沧江,降雨入渗补给仅占地下水总补给量的5.50%。     

大柳树坝址区松动岩体中硐室围岩破坏变形特征

以黄河大柳树坝址为例,对松动岩体硐室围岩破坏变形特征进行了研究,松动岩体具有断裂张开、节理错动、岩体架空、岩石高强度、岩体波速等特征。研究得出松动岩体硐室围岩破坏变形特征为结构松散、塌落范围大、变形破坏受水影响大及围岩压力以重力为主等特点。     

蓬莱阁丹崖山安全监测与分析

丹崖山边坡稳定性是关系古文物蓬莱阁安全的关键问题。丹崖山边坡高差大、断层裂隙发育、岩体卸荷深度大,地质条件十分复杂,边坡在施工期和运行期的稳定性问题特别突出。该文介绍了丹崖山岩体加固后的监测布置,并对岩体表面变形趋势、空间分布形态、加固后变形趋势进行分析,通过对多点位移计、锚杆测力计、锚索测力计、表面裂缝计及地表变形等监测结果进行综合分析,得到边坡岩体的变形规律。     

新疆CHE水利枢纽渗流条件下岩质边坡稳定性分析究

基于GEOSTUDIO软件,运用统计岩体力学理论,对新疆CHE水利枢纽不同工况下的边坡稳定性进行分析。结果表明：研究区工程地质条件复杂,断层、挤压破碎带及岩脉广泛发育,左右岸均存在5组优势结构面;对左右岸参数敏感性分析,两岸强卸荷岩体的粘聚力c对应的稳定性系数的曲线斜率远大于摩擦角φ对应的稳定性系数的曲线斜率,因此在一定范围内,坡体稳定性对粘聚力c值的变化更为敏感;研究区边坡在自然条件、蓄水条件及库水快速降升条件稳定系数K>1,即边坡处于稳定状态。     

基于演化过程的互层斜坡深层倾倒稳定性评价

互层倾倒是一类典型的深层倾倒模式,为准确评价其稳定性,开展互层倾倒的工程地质特性及稳定性评 价研究.以雅砻江上游发育的深层倾倒体为典型实例,利用基于演化过程的研究方法,在构建倾倒体工程地质模 型的基础上,从变形过程和演化阶段上定量评价斜坡整体稳定性.研究表明:互层倾倒是由块体倾覆和板梁弯曲 形成的复合倾倒模式,即:硬岩发生块状－弯曲倾倒,而软岩发生弯曲倾倒;空间上,一个发育完备的倾倒体可划 分为:滑动区(A 区)、强倾倒区(B区)、弱倾倒区(C区)以及原岩区(D区).基于实测数据提出的斜坡倾倒定量描 述体系,可以作为岩体倾倒变形识别和变形程度分级的基本依据;时间上,互层倾倒演化过程主要经历４个演化 阶段:卸荷回弹陡倾拉裂面阶段,初始变形阶段,板梁根部折断、剪切面贯通阶段以及破坏阶段,并最终转化为蠕 滑－拉裂模式形成滑坡.该滑动面受强变形岩体中倾向坡外结构面控制,而并非沿最大弯折带发育;滑动区(A 区)的出现意ζ着斜坡最终破坏的发生,对应于演化的第三阶段,为斜坡的极限平衡状态,稳定性系数介于１．０~ １．０５之间.基于演化过程的评价方法,能有效解决互层倾倒稳定性评价问题.      

新疆CHE水利枢纽渗流条件下岩质边坡稳定性分析

基于GEO-STUDIO软件,运用统计岩体力学理论,对新疆CHE水利枢纽不同工况下的边坡稳定性进行分析。结果表明:研究区工程地质条件复杂,断层、挤压破碎带及岩脉广泛发育,左右岸均存在5组优势结构面;对左右岸参数敏感性分析,两岸强卸荷岩体的粘聚力c对应的稳定性系数的曲线斜率远大于摩擦角φ对应的稳定性系数的曲线斜率,因此在一定范围内,坡体稳定性对粘聚力c值的变化更为敏感;研究区边坡在自然条件、蓄水条件及库水快速降升条件稳定系数K1,即边坡处于稳定状态。     

洛河禹门河水库建坝工程地质条件分析

禹门河水库是洛河上的一座反调节水库 ,坝址地质条件较复杂 ,就拱坝与重力坝两种坝型而言各有优缺点。本文通过对坝址区建坝工程地质条件的研究分析 ,提出禹门河坝址具有良好的建坝条件 ,且重力坝方案优于拱坝方案。     

长江三峡库区崩滑地质灾害与防治

长江三峡工程坝址位于湖北省宜昌　 县三斗坪，设计大坝坝顶高程１８５米，　 正常蓄水位１７５米。水库涉及湖北省和　 重庆市２０个县〔区、市）。库区长江干流　 库段从大坝所在地三斗坪到上游库尾所　 在地重庆市巴南区大塘坝，全长５７４公　 里；主要支流有５０余条。水库干支流库　 岸岸线总长达５，３００公里。　 三峡大坝坝址在着名的黄陵背斜核　 部，工程地质条件良好，基岩是前震旦　 纪花岗岩（黑云母石英闪长岩），岩体坚硬完整。水库区则是我国崩滑地质灾害多发区，这里的自然与地质环境易于诱发崩滑地质灾害，因此崩滑地质…     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a