藏南拉轨岗日隆起带东段哈金桑惹隆起东侧发现夕卡岩型多金属矿化带

哈金桑惹隆起上的夕卡岩型多金属矿化带是在开展1：25万江孜县幅区调工作时首次发现的。该矿化带的矿石组合具钙夕卡岩型特征。共发现两个矿化体,Ⅰ号矿化体的有益元素以铜为主,伴生银、铅锌等;Ⅱ号矿化体有益元素以铅锌为主,伴生银和铜等。该矿化带的发现对该地区的找矿和基础地质研究具有重要的意义。     

喀拉昆仑山黑恰铁多金属矿地质特征及成因初探

通过系统的野外地质调查,在详细了解黑恰铁多金属矿化带地质特征的基础上,探讨铁矿成因类型,分析铁矿成矿期后的改造与铜、铅、锌的再造,结合找矿标志,预测矿化体的空间就位,提出找矿方向,以指导该带矿产评价工作。研究认为,黑恰铁多金属矿化带含矿建造沉积环境为滨海-浅海陆棚相,铁矿床成因类型为海底沉积喷流-改造型,铜、铅、锌矿属热液再造型,与铁矿(化)体的空间关系密切,推断其矿源层为菱铁矿建造。铁矿形成后经历区域变质变形改造期、构造叠加改造期和表生氧化期。铁矿在遭受强烈改造的同期,铜、铅、锌通过热液活化再造富集成矿。铁矿的主要控矿构造样式为残破的紧闭-等斜向斜和假单斜。铜、铅、锌层控特征明显,空间上与主要铁矿同体共生或赋存于铁矿体上盘围岩构造裂隙中。黑恰铁多金属矿化带已新发现多处成矿线索,通过进一步的矿产地质工作,有望实现铁多金属找矿新突破。     

利用高分遥感技术发现西昆仑黑恰铁矿矿化带及其地质意义

西昆仑地区自然地理条件恶劣,交通条件极差,导致该地区地质工作程度较低。在西昆仑艰险地区充分利用高分遥感数据的优势开展遥感调查,通过对研究区成矿地质条件分析,建立矿化带高分遥感解译标志和高分铁染异常提取,辅以适当的野外查证,黑恰铁矿矿化带的发现为地质找矿提供新的线索。根据其遥感地质特征建立遥感地质找矿模型,为今后在西昆仑成矿带上寻找类似矿产提供遥感依据。该矿化带是北侧黑黑孜江干铁多金属矿床向东南方向的延伸,其成矿特征与西昆仑已经发现的一系列层控碳酸盐岩型的铁-铜、铅、锌-金矿床的成矿特征相似,沿东南方向具有较大找矿潜力,有望形成有前景的铁多金属矿床。     

四川省白玉县热加地区铜铅锌多金属矿化特征及找矿前景

白玉县热加地区铜铅锌多金属矿化主要赋存于晚三叠世根隆组、勉戈组流纹岩、千枚岩及火山岩中的碳酸盐岩透镜体中,受北西向构造与地层岩性的双重控制,勉戈组地层中的火山岩为矿化提供了丰富的物源条件。区内已发现的矿(化)点均位于重砂异常和水系沉积物异常范围内,其中铜厂沟铜矿点、曲靖沟铅锌矿点和巴绒沟铅锌矿点已发现一定规模的矿体,本文分析其矿化特征,阐述了该地区找矿标志及找矿远景。     

四川省白玉县热加地区铜铅锌多金属矿化特征及找矿前景

白玉县热加地区铜铅锌多金属矿化主要赋存于晚三叠世根隆组、勉戈组流纹岩、千枚岩及火山岩中的碳酸盐岩透镜体中,受北西向构造与地层岩性的双重控制,勉戈组地层中的火山岩为矿化提供了丰富的物源条件。区内已发现的矿(化)点均位于重砂异常和水系沉积物异常范围内,其中铜厂沟铜矿点、曲靖沟铅锌矿点和巴绒沟铅锌矿点已发现一定规模的矿体,本文分析其矿化特征,阐述了该地区找矿标志及找矿远景。     

安徽省石台县银坑地区物化探异常特征 及找矿前景分析

2009年开始安徽省地球物理地球化学勘查技术院在皖南地区开展了横船渡等四幅图的1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学测量工作,发现了石台县银坑地区Ag、Cu、Pb、W、Mo、Bi、As、Sb,综合异常区,并在异常区域进行了1∶1万土壤地球化学测量工作,对异常元素组合良好的青山异常和甘坑异常开展岩石剖面和槽探工作,发现了铜矿化体3条,获得了银坑地区铜多金属找矿线索。该地区位于石台—青阳金—银—铅—锌—钨—锰成矿区,具有较好的成矿地质背景,通过对以往地质、物化探资料的进一步研究,认为该地区为一较好的铜多金属找矿靶区。     

运用高分遥感技术圈定西昆仑黑恰铁多金属矿化带

为了在西昆仑地区圈定黑恰铁多金属矿化带,主要运用高分遥感解译和矿化遥感异常信息增强与提取技术,配合适量的野外调查验证及采样测试工作,建立遥感综合找矿模型,为后续区域地质矿产工作规划部署和矿产勘查提供依据。调查结果表明,在黑恰一带圈定了1条找矿潜力巨大的含铜铅锌的菱铁-赤铁矿化带,延伸长度约60 km,宽度200~500 m。矿化带内含多个铁多金属矿化体。矿化体位于温泉沟群d段偏顶部碎屑岩向碳酸盐岩的过渡部位,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出,产状一般为40°~50°∠68°~81°,与区域地层产状一致。单矿化体长度数百~9 500余m,地表出露厚度2~50 m,一般厚约15 m。地表矿石矿物以赤铁矿和褐铁矿为主,次为镜铁矿,含少量菱铁矿。铁矿化体顶板碎裂化的碳酸盐岩中普遍见Pb-Zn-Cu矿化,部分铁矿化体上部也可见Pb-Zn(少量Cu)矿化。高分遥感技术在西昆仑地区矿产地质综合调查中作用显著,可为实现找矿工作的快速突破创造条件,并为高分遥感技术在相同或类似地区开展找矿工作提供依据和借鉴。     

西藏加布呀地区多源成矿有利信息分析及找矿应用

加布呀地区地处班公错-怒江金、铬、铂、钯、镍成矿亚带,成矿地质条件较为优越,找矿潜力较大。本文在分析区域铜多金属成矿规律基础上,利用WorldView-2高分辨率遥感数据对加布呀地区成矿有利信息进行遥感地质解译,利用Aster数据提取的蚀变异常信息,综合分析加布呀地区成矿有利信息特征,构建了铜多金属矿找矿模型、圈定了找矿靶区,经野外查证发现了铜多金属矿化。     

庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区南部城山地区地质条件和成矿规律研究

庐江-枞阳(庐枞)火山岩矿集区南部作为寻找沉积-叠加改造型铁铜矿的有利地区一直没有较大找矿突破,该区近几年勘查取得了一定地质找矿进展。本文主要在野外地质调查的基础上,对庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区南部城山地区地质条件进行总结分析,重新认识了区内地层的含矿性以及构造特征,发现了大量矿化线索。在研究区内发现了4条与岩浆热液有关的铜铁铅锌矿化带,而且具有一定规律,空间上平面均为北东东、东西向,垂向上从深到浅具有从钼到铜铅锌矿化分带。成矿时间从126.5Ma开始。研究区内大规模磁铁矿化以及铜铅锌矿化的存在,表明深部具有较好找矿潜力。     

西藏谢通门县雄村矿区岩石地面波谱特征及其在矿化信息识别中的应用

成矿作用过程中产生的矿化蚀变,在遥感图像上往往是一种非直接的弱相关信息。文章以西藏谢通门县雄村铜多金属矿区为例,通过典型矿床地面波谱及其特征分析,在视反射率图像模拟及其与典型矿床地面波谱反射率的相关分析基础上,运用两类矿床的地面波谱模型对通门乡子区矿化蚀变信息进行识别研究。雄村铜多金属矿区的地面波谱特征研究表明,视反射率图像及其地空相关分析方法不仅能快捷地进行铜多金属矿化信息预测,还可有效地区分矿化异常,在冈底斯地区多金属矿化信息识别方面有较好的找矿预测效果,是青藏高原进行铜多金属找矿预测的颇为有效的遥感地质找矿新技术之一。     

塔吉克斯坦帕米尔地区构造单元划分及其特征

塔吉克斯坦帕米尔地区由一系列呈近东西向、向北凸出的弧形活动构造带构成,被称为“西构造结”。由于地缘关系及国内外研究程度差异,塔吉克帕米尔地区在构造单元属性及其与国内构造单元对比上仍存在分歧。本文在系统分析塔吉克帕米尔地区、昆仑和藏北地区区域地质调查和科研成果资料的基础上,结合野外地质调查,着重从物质组成、构造变形两个方面进行对比,以坦尼马斯、如山-帕沙尔特缝合带为界将塔吉克帕米尔地区自北向南划分为北帕米尔、中帕米尔、南帕米尔三个构造单元,其中北帕米尔进一步细化为北带、中带、南带,南帕米尔分为东南帕米尔和西南帕米尔。初步探讨了各单元构造属性,提出了与我国昆仑、藏北地区相邻构造单元的对接方案,为推进帕米尔地区区域地质研究提供支撑。     

塔吉克斯坦水体同位素和水化学特征及成因

2011年9～10月采集了中亚干旱半干旱地区塔吉克斯坦不同区域的河水、泉水和湖水,通过不同水体样品水化学指标、氢氧同位素分析,初步研究了该区域水化学类型和同位素空间分布特征,并探讨了其形成原因和环境意义。研究结果表明:塔吉克斯坦河水和泉水的主要水化学类型为Ca-HCO₃-型,水体离子主要来源于方解石和白云石风化,局部地区受蒸发岩风化和硅酸盐风化的影响,偶见Ca-SO₄2-和Na-HCO₃-型水体分布。湖泊多分布在东部山区,受多年干旱蒸发影响,水化学类型为Mg-SO₄2-和Na-Cl-型,以微咸水和咸水湖为主。研究区内河水和泉水氢氧同位素变化范围分别为-129.38×10-3～-65.19×10-3和-17.06×10-3～-9.33×10-3,空间上从东向西逐渐富集。受水体来源的区域差异影响,东部和西部河水水体氢氧同位素关系式存在明显不同。反映了东部地区河水以冰川补给为主,西部地区以降水补给为主,而湖水氢氧同位素的变化主要反映了水体蒸发程度。     

Review of Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs from Central Asia

There are 24 known localities for skeletal remains of sauropod dinosaurs in the republics of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan). Sauropod remains are very rare at all these localities and represented usually only by isolated teeth. Only narrow-crowned teeth are known from the Cretaceous of Central Asia. The oldest record of such teeth is from the Aptian Sultanbobo Formation of Uzbekistan. Exposures of the Turonian Bissekty Formation at the most productive vertebrate locality in the region, Dzharakuduk in Uzbekistan, has yielded many isolated teeth and a few skeletal remains that can be attributed to a non-lithostrotian titanosaur. Similar narrow-crowned, cylindrical teeth from Cenomanian-to Coniacian-age strata in the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, may belong to a closely related taxon. Another taxon, with teeth that are pentagonal in cross-section, is known from the Santonian Yalovach and Bostobe formations of Tajikistan and western Kazakhstan, respectively. A femur reported from the Santonian Syuksyuk Formation of southern Kazakhstan possibly belongs to a lithostrotian titanosaur. The change in tooth structure at the Coniacian–Santonian boundary in the region possibly suggests replacement of non-lithostrotian titanosaurs by lithostrotians. The titanosaur from the Bissekty Formation is similar to Dongyangosaurus sinensis from the Cenomanian–Turonian of Zhejiang (China) in the extensive pneumatization of the neural arch on the anterior caudal vertebrae with several fossae. It also resembles Baotianmansaurus henanensis from the Cenomanian of Henan (China) in the possession of very short anterior caudal centra. These three taxa possibly represent an as yet formally unrecognized endemic clade of Asian non-lithostrotian titanosaurs.     

塔吉克斯坦铀成矿区地质特征及成矿预测

塔吉克斯坦横跨古亚洲洋、特提斯两大构造域,北部地区属南天山晚海西褶皱系,南部属于阿尔卑斯-喜玛拉雅巨型构造带,其中酸性岩浆岩分布广泛。该国铀矿资源丰富,已成为其重要的优势矿产资源之一。笔者通过系统分析塔吉克斯坦各分区含铀地质建造特征,结合已知铀矿点成矿类型和野外地质工作成果,总结其铀矿分布规律,剖析了3处铀成矿区,圈定2处有利的勘查区域。通过该项目研究,对国内塔里木盆地南缘和西昆仑等地的铀成矿预测可以起借鉴作用,同时对中国铀企业走出去起到指导作用。     

塔吉克斯坦阿尔登-托普坎铅锌矿床地质特征及控矿因素分析

阿尔登–托普坎铅锌矿床（简称阿矿）,位于塔吉克斯坦第二大城市胡占德（苦盏）北东方向110 km处,是阿尔登–托普坎矿田主要矿床之一。该矿田勘查与开发历史悠久,是塔吉克斯坦境内最重要的铅锌矿集区,矿田内分布大小不等的十二个铅锌矿床,其中主要的矿床为三个,即派布拉克矿床、阿尔登–托普坎矿床及北阿尔登–托普坎矿床,三个主要矿床相距2 km以内（周叶,2010）。本文论述阿尔登–托普坎矿床的区域地质背景和主要成矿特征,分析其主要控矿因素,并对其成因类型进行归属研究,为塔吉克境内相同类型铅锌矿床的找矿勘查工作提供依据。     

Smaller foraminifers from type sections of the Bolorian stage,the Lower Permian of Darvaz

Smaller foraminifers from Upper Yakhtashian and Bolorian deposits of the stratotype area (Pamir, Darvaz, Tajikistan) are investigated. Four assemblages are defined. The first assemblage is from Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris-Pamirina darvasica Zone. The second assemblage found in the transitional Yakhtashian-Bolorian beds includes Globivalvulina, Palaeotextulariidae, Hemigordiidae, and Glomospira, associated with the first Pachyphloia and Langella forms. Characteristic taxa of third assemblage from the Misellina (Brevaxina) dyhrenfurthi Zone are Geinitzinidae, Globivalvulina, Palaeotextulariidae, Glomospira, and rare Pachyphloia. The forth assemblage of Hemigordiidae, Pachyphloia, Palaeotextulariidae, Geinitzinidae, Pseudoagathammina is identified in the M. (Misellina) parvicostata Zone. The assemblages were compared with concurrent analogs from China, Japan, and Russia. New species and subspecies Glomospira paleograndis sp. nov., G. darvasica sp. nov., Agathammina darvasica sp. nov., Pachyphloia darvasica sp. nov., Nodosinelloides cubanicus elongatus subsp. nov., and Hemigordius saranensis darvasicus subsp. nov. are described.     

塔里木--卡拉库姆地区的油气地质特征与区域地质演化

本文系统归纳总结与对比分析了塔里木盆地、北阿富汗-南塔吉克斯坦盆地和卡拉库姆盆地的油气地质特征,并在此基础上探讨了该地区古生代以来地质演化对盆地演化和油气地质特征的控制作用。塔里木盆地奠基在前南华系结晶基底之上,中亚两个盆地奠基在南天山洋闭合之后形成的前二叠系褶皱基底之上。塔里木盆地的盖层沉积明显受到了南侧“原特提斯（北昆仑）”、古特提斯和新特提斯的影响,由于北昆仑带向西尖灭于北帕米尔,中亚两个含油气盆地的中-新生界则主要受到南侧古特提斯和新特提斯的影响。中亚两个盆地的海陆交互相和礁灰岩相侏罗系向东到塔西南相变为陆相,这从烃源岩的角度决定了塔西南与中亚两个盆地中-新生界不同的含油气性。塔里木盆地中-新生界有利的油气生储盖组合主要存在于前陆盆地的陆相地层中,它与下伏古生界含油气层系的叠加作用提高了其油气潜力。     

Usoi Dam Wave Overtopping and Flood Routing in the Bartang and Panj Rivers, Tajikistan

The Usoi dam was created in the winter of 1911 after an enormous seismogenic rock slide completely blocked the valley of the Bartang River in the Pamir Mountains of southeastern Tajikistan. At present the dam impounds 17 million cubic meters of water in Lake Sarez. Flood volume and discharge estimates were made for several landslide generated floods that could overtop the dam. For landslide volumes of 200, 500, and 1,000 million cubic meters, estimated overtopping flood volumes were 2, 22, and 87 million cubic meters of water, respectively. Estimated peak discharge at the dam for these three flood scenarios were 57,000, 490,000, and 1,580,000 m³/s, based on triangular hydrographs of 70-, 90-, and 110-s durations, respectively. Flood-routing simulations were made for the three landslide-induced overtopping floods over a 530-km reach of the Bartang and Panj Rivers below the Usoi dam. A one-dimensional flow model using a Riemann numerical solution technique was selected for the analysis. For the 87 million cubic meter volume overtopping flood scenario, the peak flows were approximately 1, 100, 800, and 550 m³/s at locations 50, 100, and 150 km downstream of the dam respectively.     

Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life

Earthquake-triggered landslides are a major geological hazard in Central Asia. In July 1949, the M7.4 Khait earthquake triggered many hundreds of landslides in a mountainous region near the southern limit of the Tien Shan Mountains, central Tajikistan. These landslides involved widespread rock-slope failure as well as large numbers of flowslides in loess that mantles the steep slopes of the region. In the Yasman valley hundreds of loess landslides coalesced to form a massive loess flow (est. vol. 245 Mm³) that travelled up to 20 km on a slope of only 2°. In an adjacent valley, the Khait landslide involved transformation of an earthquake-triggered rockslide into a very rapid flow by the entrainment of saturated loess into its movement. It travelled 7.41 km over a vertical distance of 1421 m with an estimated average velocity of ~30 m/s. We estimate its volume as 75 Mm³, an order of magnitude less that previously published estimates. The Khait landslide was simulated using DAN. The number of casualties due to earthquake-triggered landslides in the epicentral region was considerable. Approximately 4000 people were killed in the Yasman valley loess flow as 20 villages (kishlaks) were overwhelmed. In the Khait landslide alone we estimate ca. 800 people lost their lives when the villages of Khait and Khisorak were overrun by rapidly moving debris. Our data indicates that a total of approximately 7200 people were killed by earthquake-triggered landslides in the epicentral region of the Khait earthquake and that, in terms of loss of life, the 1949 Yasman valley loess flow was one of the most destructive landslides in recent history.     

Analysis of groundwater discharge with a lumped-parameter model, using a case study from Tajikistan

 A lumped-parameter model of groundwater balance is proposed that permits an estimate of discharge variability in comparison with the variability of recharge, by taking into account the influence of aquifer parameters. Recharge–discharge relationships are analysed with the model for cases of deterministic and stochastic recharge time-series variations. The model is applied to study the temporal variability of groundwater discharge in a river valley in the territory of Tajikistan, an independent republic in Central Asia. Received, April 1996 Revised, August 1997 Accepted, March 1998