西藏列廷冈铁多金属矿床磁铁矿元素地球化学特征及地质意义

西藏列廷冈矿床是林周盆地Fe-Mo-Cu-Pb-Zn矿集区内近年来新发现不久、规模较大的矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床。矿区磁铁矿发育,主要包括块状、浸染状和脉状3种类型。基于详细的野外地质调查和室内矿相学研究,将矿床成矿期划分为矽卡岩期和热液期2期,进而划分为5个成矿阶段:早期矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、早期热液阶段、石英-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段,其中,块状磁铁矿主要形成于退化蚀变阶段,浸染状和脉状磁铁矿主要形成于早期热液阶段。以磁铁矿为主要研究对象,采用电子探针(EPMA)和单矿物微量稀土元素ICP-MS分析实验,重点对磁铁矿元素地球化学特征、成因矿物学进行系统研究。研究结果表明,3种不同类型磁铁矿内均含Ti、Si、Ca等次要元素以及Na、K、Cr、Ni、Co、Pb、Ba、Sn、Sr、Sb、Cu等多种可检测到的微量元素,且矿物内主要发生了Al、Mg、Mn等元素的类质同像置换,综合TiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO、TiO_2-Al_2O_3-(MgO+Mn O)和(Ca+Al+Mn)-(Ti+V)、Ni/(Cr+Mn)-(Ti+V)等多种磁铁矿成因判别图解投图结果及矿体野外宏观地质特征,表明矿区磁铁矿均为热液成因。块状磁铁矿具明显的Eu正异常,浸染状和脉状磁铁矿具Eu负异常,均无明显Ce异常特征,表明富Eu成矿流体在矽卡岩期的高温氧化环境下形成了矽卡岩型块状磁铁矿体,在热液期则逐渐转变为低温还原环境,形成浸染状和脉状磁铁矿及多种金属硫化物,且铁的物质来源主要与矿区花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩紧密相关。     

Elongated prismatic magnetite crystals in ALH84001 carbonate globules: potential Martian magnetofossils.

Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have analyzed magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals acid-extracted from carbonate globules in Martian meteorite ALH84001. We studied 594 magnetites from ALH84001 and grouped them into three populations on the basis of morphology: 389 were irregularly shaped, 164 were elongated prisms, and 41 were whisker-like. As a possible terrestrial analog for the ALH84001 elongated prisms, we compared these magnetites with those produced by the terrestrial magnetotactic bacteria strain MV-1. By TEM again, we examined 206 magnetites recovered from strain MV-1 cells. Natural (Darwinian) selection in terrestrial magnetotactic bacteria appears to have resulted in the formation of intracellular magnetite crystals having the physical and chemical properties that optimize their magnetic moment. In this study, we describe six properties of magnetite produced by biologically controlled mechanisms (e.g., magnetotactic bacteria), properties that, collectively, are not observed in any known population of inorganic magnetites. These criteria can be used to distinguish one of the modes of origin for magnetites from samples with complex or unknown histories. Of the ALH84001 magnetites that we have examined, the elongated prismatic magnetite particles (similar to 27% of the total) are indistinguishable from the MV-1 magnetites in five of these six characteristics observed for biogenically controlled mineralization of magnetite crystals.     

Origins of magnetite nanocrystals in Martian meteorite ALH84001

The Martian meteorite ALH84001 preserves evidence of interaction with aqueous fluids while on Mars in the form of microscopic carbonate disks. These carbonate disks are believed to have precipitated 3.9 Ga ago at beginning of the Noachian epoch on Mars during which both the oldest extant Martian surfaces were formed, and perhaps the earliest global oceans. Intimately associated within and throughout these carbonate disks are nanocrystal magnetites (Fe₃O₄) with unusual chemical and physical properties, whose origins have become the source of considerable debate. One group of hypotheses argues that these magnetites are the product of partial thermal decomposition of the host carbonate. Alternatively, the origins of magnetite and carbonate may be unrelated; that is, from the perspective of the carbonate the magnetite is allochthonous. For example, the magnetites might have already been present in the aqueous fluids from which the carbonates were believed to have been deposited. We have sought to resolve between these hypotheses through the detailed characterization of the compositional and structural relationships of the carbonate disks and associated magnetites with the orthopyroxene matrix in which they are embedded. Extensive use of focused ion beam milling techniques has been utilized for sample preparation. We then compared our observations with those from experimental thermal decomposition studies of sideritic carbonates under a range of plausible geological heating scenarios. We conclude that the vast majority of the nanocrystal magnetites present in the carbonate disks could not have formed by any of the currently proposed thermal decomposition scenarios. Instead, we find there is considerable evidence in support of an alternative allochthonous origin for the magnetite unrelated to any shock or thermal processing of the carbonates.     

华南某矿区磁铁矿的谱学研究

从~（57）Fe和~（119）Sn无反冲共振吸收谱分析,配合x射线衍射分析等方法,获知华南某铁矿-多金属矿区,两种铁矿石中磁铁矿的组份。从穆斯堡尔谱峰面积法,推算出非正分的磁铁矿晶体结构式,并由此算出其中Fe~（2+）和Fe~（3+）的含量比。综合矿石产状及铁的氧化态分析,获得不同铁矿石的成因信息。     

天然磁铁矿类质同象替代的穆斯堡尔谱的研究

本文收集了中国东部安微姚村花岗岩体的二个磁铁矿样品进行穆斯堡尔效应的实验。结果表明:在岩体不同部位样品的穆斯堡尔参数与其 Ti~(4+)、Mg~(2+)等类质同象的替代多少有关。     

长江河流沉积物磁铁矿化学组成及其物源示踪

运用电子探针分析了长江干流和主要支流河漫滩沉积物中磁铁矿的元素组成.磁铁矿中的FeO平均含量稍高于其标准组成,而Fe2O3平均含量则明显低于标准组成;Ti、Al、Cr、V、Mn、Mg、Co和Zn等元素在磁铁矿中含量变化大,不同支流的磁铁矿的元素组成不同,同一取样点不同样品磁铁矿的元素组成变化也较大.金沙江、湘江、汉江及长江干流磁铁矿与钛磁铁矿、钛尖晶石、钒钛磁铁矿和铬铁矿等出溶交生,TiO2、Cr2O3和V2O3等元素含量高且变化大.金沙江磁铁矿富Mg、Al和Cr;大渡河、雅砻江和岷江磁铁矿中微量元素含量大多低于0.5%;涪江、汉江磁铁矿富Ti和V,而湘江磁铁矿富Ti和Al;总体上,长江干流上游磁铁矿富Ti,而下游磁铁矿中Ti、Al、Cr、V、Mg和Mn含量低于0.15%.干流磁铁矿的元素组成变化反映主要支流源岩组成及对干流影响程度的差异.     

On the Occurrence of Silician Magnetites

Abstract: About 120 specimens of magnetite from various localities are examined by an electron microprobe analyzer. Magnetites containing more than one weight percent of silica but lack of any other components than ferrous and ferric iron, called silician magnetites in the present paper, are recognized in 23 skarn, one vein and one thermally metamorphosed massive sulfide deposits. Thus it is confirmed that this mineral occurs in nature much more frequently than so far expected. Besides silician magnetites, magnetites with appreciable amounts of Al₂O₃, CaO, MgO and other components along with silica, are also recognized in some skarn deposits. Magnetites with such unusual compositions are found only in hydrothermal environments, and it is suggested that precipitation mechanisms seem to be responsible for their formation.
In silician magnetites, excess electric charge brought by the replacement of ferric iron in tetrahedral site by silicon, could be compensated by the replacement of ferric iron in octahedral site by ferrous iron, known as γ–Fe₂SiO₄ component. The natural occurrence of silician magnetites, however, gives no positive support to the existence of this component at crustal pressures. Instead a preliminary Mössbauer experiment demonstrates that one silician magnetite has a maghemite –like structure by the omission of ferrous iron from octahedral site.     

磁铁矿的磁学性质与条带构造

本文研究了磁铁矿的磁化强度、居里温度、磁化率和磁化率各向异性等磁学性质。认为原始沉积的铁质在经受相当于居里温度的变质作用改造时结晶为各向异性晶体,其长轴方向获得了最大磁化强度,并在外磁场的长期作用下相互吸引连接成条带构造。构造作用的叠加产生了各种变形组构。     

Platinum-group Element Geochemistry of Magnetite from Porphyry-Cu-Mo Deposits and their Host Rocks (Siberia,Russia)

The concentrations of platinum-group elements (PGE) have been analyzed in primary magmatic magnetite samples from the Zhireken,Shakhtama and Aksug porphyry Cu-Mo deposits (Siberia,Russia) by laser abla...     

福建漳州复式岩体磁铁矿的成因矿物学特征

漳州花岗岩岩基共分两期七次(Ⅰ-Ⅶ)侵入,是中国东南沿海燕山晚期有代表性的大型复式岩体。笔者对区内各类花岗岩磁铁矿作了较深入的矿物学工作,包括晶出产状、晶体形态、X射线衍射、红外谱学、化学成分及稀土元素地球化学等方面的研究。本文重点论述磁铁矿的标型特征及成因意义,并提出区分不同成因花岗岩类岩石磁铁矿矿物学的判别标志,结合副矿物组合及岩石化学特点,对区内早、晚两期花岗岩类的成因分别判别为I型和A型花岗岩。     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔正片麻岩磁性及深部流体活动

通过对中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔花岗质片麻岩进行详细的岩石磁学研究及岩石矿物学分析表明: 花岗质片麻岩磁化率(0.570×10-7~120.450×10-7m3·kg-1, 平均29.996×10-7m3·kg-1)在主孔所有岩石中仅次于蛇纹石化石榴石橄榄岩, 而其天然剩余磁化强度(0.002×10-3~2.109×10-3Am2·kg-1, 平均0.210×10-3Am2·kg-1)则是所有岩性中最低的.磁化率随温度变化曲线、交变退磁曲线及磁滞回线特征表明, 花岗质片麻岩中磁性矿物组合主要成分为磁铁矿, 小部分样品中含有赤铁矿, 其中磁铁矿以多畴为主, 伪单畴磁铁矿仅在少量样品中出现.和同为完全退变质岩的角闪岩(完全退变质榴辉岩)相比, 花岗质片麻岩具有相似的磁性矿物组合, 但其磁铁矿的颗粒明显较大.多畴磁铁矿的形成, 可能和超高压变质岩折返过程中, 花岗质片麻岩较强的流体活动相关.部分分布于花岗质片麻岩主体岩性段外的样品, 具有较高的天然剩余磁化强度, 则可能反映了花岗质片麻岩及周围榴辉岩之间的流体交换.      

新疆西天山查岗诺尔铁矿床磁铁矿和石榴石微量元素特征及其对矿床成因的制约

查岗诺尔大型磁铁矿床位于西天山阿吾拉勒东段,赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组安山岩及安山质火山碎屑岩之中,主体矿底板夹透镜状的大理岩,矿体主要为层状、似层状、透镜状。根据矿石组构和矿物共生特征,可以划分为岩浆期和热液期两个成矿期,后者包括矽卡岩和石英-硫化物两个亚成矿期,进一步可以细分为6个成矿阶段。岩浆期的磁铁矿∑REE很低,稀土配分模式大致呈轻稀土、重稀土较富集而中稀土亏损的U型,富Ti、V、Cr,表明铁质可能来自安山质岩浆的结晶分异作用; 矽卡岩亚成矿期的磁铁矿∑REE极低,略微富集LREE,其它稀土元素亏损强烈,贫Ti、V,略富集Ni、Co和Cu。矽卡岩亚期的含矿和无矿矽卡岩中的石榴石的稀土配分模式类似,∑REE含量相对较高,呈HREE富集、LREE亏损、弱正Eu异常的分布型式,显示了交代成因石榴石的特征,暗示与其共生的磁铁矿也是通过热液流体与围岩地层的交代反应生成的,铁质来自围岩。结合矿床地质与微量元素地球化学,认为查岗诺尔铁矿可能是岩浆型和矽卡岩型(主要)的复合叠加矿床。     

Chemical differences between minerals from mineralizing and barren intrusions from some North American porphyry copper deposits

Major-element analyses (by electron microprobe) and copper contents (by ion-probe) are reported for primary biotite, amphibole, magnetite, pyroxene, ilmenite, sphene and secondary biotite from intrusive rocks from mineralizing and barren stocks. The districts studied include Christmas, Globe-Miami, Sierrita and Tombstone, in Arizona; Bingham and Alta, Utah; Ely, Nevada; and Brenda, British Columbia. Amphiboles from barren rocks are relatively iron-rich and display only minor compositional variation. In contrast, amphiboles from mineralizing rocks span the range from magnesio-hornblende to actinolite, commonly even within one grain. Barren intrusions (type B) that are temporally distinct from mineralizing intrusions, and barren intrusions outside areas of known mineralization have higher Cu contents in their constituent minerals than do mineralizing intrusions. Barren intrusions (type A) that are deep-level temporal equivalents of Cu-bearing porphyritic rocks are depleted in copper. This suggests that copper is abstracted from not only the apical portions of porphyries but from parts of the deeper parent intrusions. The Cu contents of biotites (av. 23 ppm) and magnetites (97 ppm) from barren type B intrusions contrast with those from mineralizing intrusions, with biotites containing 7 ppm Cu and magnetites 3 ppm Cu. Primary amphiboles from all intrusive rock types have low copper contents, typically 2 to 5 ppm. In the continental North American deposits, the amount of copper available by liberation from or non-incorporation into amphibole, biotite and magnetite during magmatic crystallization or the early hydrothermal stage is low, perhaps too low to be the sole source of copper mineralization, unless copper is abstracted from large volumes (∼ 100 km³) of rock. These results contrast with a study of the island-arc porphyry copper at Koloula, Guadalcanal, where it was argued that sufficient copper for mineralization could have been abstracted from relatively small volumes of host rocks that originally contained as much Cu as the contemporaneous barren rock types.     

莱芜张家洼铁矿磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征及其对成矿过程的制约

莱芜张家洼铁矿位于华北克拉通东缘的鲁西地区,矿石成因类型为夕卡岩型铁矿。矿体赋存在早白垩世高镁闪长岩与奥陶系马家沟组灰岩及白云岩接触带附近。本文通过对莱芜岩浆和热液磁铁矿电子探针(EPMA)以及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA ICP MS)分析,探讨磁铁矿微量元素组成及变化规律对成岩和成矿作用的指示,为揭示张家洼铁矿的矿床成因及其成矿流体演化过程提供重要制约。分析结果表明,莱芜岩浆磁铁矿与热液磁铁矿相比明显富集Ti、V、Cr等亲铁元素,相对富集Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素以及Sn、Ga、Ge、Sc等中等相容元素,Mg、Al、Mn、Zn、Co显著富集于热液磁铁矿中。Ti、V、Cr以及Mg、Al、Mn、Zn在岩浆和热液中具有不同的地球化学行为,Ti、V、Cr从熔体中进入磁铁矿主要受温度、分配系数以及fO2控制。Mg、Al、Mn、Zn主要受控于水岩反应和后期绿泥石+碳酸盐脉的交代,这些元素通过类质同象替换富集于热液磁铁矿中。Co在热液磁铁矿中除了受水岩相互作用和后期流体交代的影响外,硫化物的出现会导致Co含量急剧降低。Si、Ca、Na及Sr、Ba在岩浆和热液磁铁矿中的地球化学行为非常一致。Ti Ni/Cr图能够用于区分岩浆和热液磁铁矿,莱芜岩浆磁铁矿中Ti含量较高且Ni/Cr比值≤1,热液磁铁矿Ti含量较低且绝大多数Ni/Cr比值≥1。张家洼热液磁铁矿可分为早、晚两个阶段：早期阶段包括(1)早期原生粒状磁铁矿和(2)早期次生磁铁矿;晚期阶段包括(3)晚期原生磁铁矿和(4)晚期次生磁铁矿。原生磁铁矿具有典型的三联点结构特征;次生磁铁矿受后期热液交代影响表现为多空隙,通常呈不规则状、树枝状、骸晶以及交代残余结构。磁铁矿微量元素生动记录了成矿流体演化过程,从早期到晚期、从原生到次生都显示Mg、Al、Mn、Zn包括Co含量持续升高,表明成矿流体可能朝着富集这些微量元素的方向演化。后期流体的交代导致绿泥石蚀变为磁铁矿,连续水岩相互作用和后期流体的交代以及绿泥石直接蚀变是导致热液磁铁矿富集Mg、Al、Mn、Zn等元素的主要原因。热液磁铁矿晚期孔隙较为发育,孔隙度的增加促使更多的流体和磁铁矿发生反应。热液磁铁矿的微量元素不仅能够反映矿床形成的物理化学条件,而且可以反映围岩性质以及水岩相互作用过程。     

梅山铁矿矿浆成因的系统探讨

梅山铁矿在矿床地质特征、成矿流体来源、氧同位素的组成、实验岩石学资料以及稀土元素分布特征等方面，都充分体现了矿浆成因观点的正确性。特别是磁铁矿及其围岩中稀土元素的系统研究，为进一步探讨矿浆成因铁矿提供了新途径     

怀远马头城铁矿矿床特征及成矿控制因素分析

马头城铁矿为单一原生磁铁矿,矿区主要为第四纪冲积层所覆盖,本文对马头城铁矿的矿床特征、成因以及控制因素做了分析与研究。     

滇东南都龙锡锌铟多金属矿床磁铁矿矿物化学组成特征及其对成矿作用的约束

都龙锡锌铟多金属矿床位于著名的滇东南钨锡多金属成矿区之老君山矿集区,成矿与白垩纪大规模花岗岩活动关系密切,沿隐伏花岗岩接触带周边发育石榴子石、透辉-透闪石等矽卡岩蚀变和条带状(似层状)、脉状(囊状)的锡石、闪锌矿及磁铁矿、辉钼矿、黄铁黄铜矿等矿化,形成超大规模的岩浆热液-矽卡岩成矿系统。野外观测及研究发现,早期(矽卡岩期)高温阶段形成的磁铁矿可分为I阶段交代型磁铁矿(I-Mag)和II阶段充填型磁铁矿(II-Mag)两类:前者多呈囊状、条带状,与矽卡岩矿物共生;后者为脉状,与金属硫化矿物共生。利用ICP-AES、ICP-MS对两类磁铁矿进行主、微量元素测试,从I-Mag到II-Mag,Si、Ca、Mn及ΣREE、Pb、Zn、Ti含量增加,Mg及Sn、W、In、V、Cr、Ga含量减少,REE配分型式也由平缓向右倾的逐渐变化。TiO 2-Al 2 O 3-(MgO+MnO)、(Ti+V)-(Ca+Al+Mn)、Ni/Cr-Ti、(Ti+V)-Ni/(Cr+Mn)成因判别图解表明,磁铁矿属岩浆热液-矽卡岩成因类型;Ti、V与Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta,以及Y/Ho(24~3414)、Ni/Co(<2→>2)、Ti/V(<25→>25)、Hf/Zr(003~006→004~005)存在着线性关系和规律变化特征,指示两类型磁铁矿具有相同的物质来源,为同一成矿过程不同阶段的产物。而代表成矿流体REE组成的II-Mag的REE组成继承了老君山花岗岩REE配分趋势和Eu负异常特征,表明磁铁矿与白垩纪老君山花岗岩具有一致的物质来源。Cr-V、(Ti+V)-(Al+Mn)、Ga-Mg及Ga-Sn图解显示相同的成因类型和一致的线性关系,指示磁铁矿主体形成于较高氧逸度和温度(约300℃)的成矿环境下,并且从I-Mag到II-Mag,存在着氧逸度逐渐升高、温度逐渐降低的演化趋势。     

Trace element geochemistry of magnetite from the giant Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province,Southwest China and its implications for the ore forming processes

The Beiya gold–polymetallic deposit is one of the largest gold deposits in China and is considered to be a typical porphyry-skarn system located in the middle of the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan alkaline porphyry metallogenic belt. Massive magnetite is widespread in the Beiya ore district but its genesis is still the subject of debate. Five representative magnetite types are present in the Beiya deposit, namely magmatic magnetite (M1) from the ore-related porphyry, disseminated magnetite (M2) from the early retrograde alteration, massive magnetite (M3) from the early quartz-magnetite stage, massive magnetite (M4) from the middle quartz-magnetite stage and magnetite (M5) from the late quartz-magnetite stage. Compared with the M1 magnetite, the magnetites from stages M2 to M5 are depleted in Ti, Al and high field strength elements, implying a hydrothermal origin, distinct from the magmatic accessory magnetite in the ore-related porphyry (M1). The concentrations of cobalt in the hydrothermal magnetites decrease gradually from M2 to M5, and can be used to discriminate the magnetite types. The Al + Mn and Ti + V contents of the successively precipitated magnetite grains (M2–M5) suggests that the ore forming temperature decreased from M2 to M4, but increased from M4 to M5, possibly as the result of a new pulse of magma entering the chamber, which may have triggered the gold mineralization. The V content in the hydrothermal magnetite suggests that the oxygen fugacity increased from M2 to M4 but decreased as soon as the sulfides entered the system (M5).     

Magnetite biomineralization induced by Shewanella oneidensis

Shewanella oneidensis is a dissimilatory iron reducing bacterium capable of inducing the extracellular precipitation of magnetite. This precipitation requires a combination of passive and active mechanisms. Precipitation occurs as a consequence of active production of Fe²⁺_(aq) when bacteria utilize ferrihydrite as a terminal electron acceptor, and the pH rise probably due to the bacterial metabolism of amino acids. As for passive mechanisms, the localized concentration of Fe²⁺_(aq) and Fe³⁺_(aq) at the net negatively charged cell wall, cell structures and/or cell debris induces a local rise of supersaturation of the system with respect to magnetite, triggering the precipitation of such a phase.These biologically induced magnetites are morphologically identical to those formed inorganically in free-drift experiments (closed system; 25 °C, 1 atm total pressure), both from aqueous solutions containing Fe(ClO₄)₂, FeCl₃, NaHCO₃, NaCO₃ and NaOH, and also from sterile culture medium added with FeCl₂. However, organic material becomes incorporated in substantial amounts into the crystal structure of S. oneidensis-induced magnetites, modifying such a structure compared to that of inorganic magnetites. This structural change and the presence of organic matter are detected by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses and may be used as a biomarker to recognize the biogenic origin of natural magnetites.     

东海陆架平北地区残留沉积磁性特征及其油气指示意义

本文利用1994－1995年在东海陆架平北地区获取的370个柱状样,对该区残留沉积物作磁性测试和磁性矿物鉴定,以进行陆架残留沉积物磁性特征与深部油气渗漏关系的研究。磁性测试显示本区存在磁化率异常和饱和等温剩磁异常两种磁性异常现象。根据磁性参数特征和多种矿物物理学鉴定结果,确定导致本区磁化率异常的矿物为陆源碎屑磁铁矿,导致剩磁异常的矿物为自生或次生铁硫化物胶黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿。证据显示本区剩磁异常是油气渗漏的产物;而磁化率异常则主要指示古滨海砂的分布。作者提出在本区的油气化探中,剩磁参数是有效的化探磁性指标。