泌阳凹陷梨树凹区块油气成藏期次与成藏过程

梨树凹区块位于泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带东段,是受凹陷扩张后期的反转挤压及不均一抬升作用形成的较为明显的鼻状构造。研究区核桃园组储集层主要为侯庄辫状河三角洲前缘亚相的砂体,属中孔、中渗储集层。油源对比结果表明油气主要来自深凹区同层位烃源岩,且存在较为明显的混源现象。根据包裹体的镜下特征、均一化温度,结合典型钻井的埋藏史、热演化史结果,确定该区主要有两期成藏:廖庄末期为主要成藏期,期间核三上段成熟油气及核二段未熟-低熟油气大规模注入;核一末期小规模油气运移散失,是次要成藏期。      

西湖凹陷中西部地区烃源岩生烃潜力及油源对比

西湖凹陷作为中国东部油气勘探主战场,一直以来都受到油气地质学家们的广泛关注。前人对西湖凹陷油气资源的研究主要集中在深部地层(平湖组及其下伏层),而对中浅层系(花港组及其上覆层)烃源岩的关注度相对较少。近年来已有勘探发现西湖凹陷中浅层系具有规模成藏的潜力,针对西湖凹陷烃源岩开展研究,利用多项地球化学测试手段分别分析了西湖凹陷中西部地区的烃源岩生烃潜力和生物标志化合物特征。结果显示：西湖凹陷煤和炭质泥岩的生烃潜力好,而泥质烃源岩生烃潜力变化较大,深部地层的泥质烃源岩评价为好或极好烃源岩,中浅层系为差烃源岩。烃源岩有机质类型主要为Ⅱ₂～Ⅲ型,热演化阶段可划分为开始生烃阶段(R_o>0.6%)和大量排烃阶段(R_o>0.8%)。基于原油和各类烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征对比显示研究区泥质烃源岩为主要原油来源。本研究对西湖凹陷未来油气勘探与开发具有参考意义。     

乌石凹陷烃源岩生烃特征及差异成藏模式

针对乌石凹陷生烃特征不清和不同层系油气成藏差异性问题,通过烃源岩评价、生烃史演化分析、油源精细对比等手段对其烃源岩生烃特征及其差异成藏模式展开了研究.研究结果表明,乌石凹陷存在流二段上部和下部２套烃源岩,为形成于还原环境的中深湖沉积油页岩和泥页岩,富含无定形有机质和非海相沟鞭藻等藻类,以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ１ 型干酪根为主,为好－优质烃源岩.生烃动力学及生烃演化史分析显示,Ⅰ型干酪根生油能力最高,Ⅱ１ 型干酪根具有较高的生油能力,烃源岩存在２期生烃高峰期,第一期生烃高峰为涠洲组沉积末期(约２３ Ma),第二期为角尾组沉积末期(约１０ Ma),对应２期生烃高峰都伴生明显的生烃增压过程,是造成近洼带流二段普遍发育异常高压的原因.油源精细对比分析表明,中浅层涠洲组、流一段原油来自于流二段上部烃源岩,主要赋存于近洼带;流二段、流三段原油来自于流二段下部烃源岩,主要赋存于远洼带.综合研究认为,乌石凹陷表现为近洼带源外中浅层富集、远洼带源内富集的油气差异成藏规律.研究成果对于该区优化勘探、进一步扩大勘探成果具有重要指导意义.      

渤海海域渤东凹陷烃源岩特征与勘探潜力

近年来渤东凹陷内油气勘探因一直未取得重大突破而陷入低谷,主力烃源岩不明确是制约该区油气勘探的核心问题。结合地震、钻井、测井和分析化验等资料,对渤东地区烃源岩地球化学指标、分布特征及成因环境进行了分析,借助盆地模拟和油源对比结果,明确了渤东凹陷的主力烃源岩层系和勘探潜力。渤东凹陷发育东三段、沙一段、沙三段和沙四段4套烃源岩,其中,沙三段烃源岩有机质类型好、丰度高,为很好的烃源岩,其生烃量占凹陷总生烃量的61%,是渤东凹陷的主力烃源岩。地质分析表明,PL9-1油田的油气主要来自渤东凹陷,预示渤东凹陷具备较大的勘探潜力。油源对比结果表明,PL9-1油田75%的原油来自于沙三段烃源岩,渤东凹陷及周缘地区今后的勘探应以寻找沙三段烃源岩生成的油气为主。      

冀北—辽西地区中—新元古界古油藏的油气来源及成藏特征

在全球诸多盆地发现的中—新元古界原生油气苗和商业性油气聚集,展示了这些古老沉积地层具有良好的勘探潜力和前景。基于冀北—辽西地区烃源岩与储层沥青中三环萜烷、四环萜烷、重排藿烷、13α(正烷基)-三环萜烷和甾烷等分子标志化合物对比研究,明确了双洞背斜铁岭组和兴隆1井雾迷山组沥青分别源自洪水庄组和高于庄组烃源岩;而韩1井骆驼岭组上、下段储层沥青表现出不同的烃类来源,分别源自高于庄组和洪水庄组烃源岩。冀北—辽西地区古老地层至少发生了3期油气充注,对应3类古油藏：第Ⅰ类古油藏源自高于庄组烃源岩,其成藏时间早,经历了长期深埋和次生改造,油藏的保存条件较差;第Ⅱ类古油藏为早期油藏破坏调整而形成的次生油藏,其成藏规模受到了较大制约;第Ⅲ类古油藏源自洪水庄组烃源岩,成藏时间晚,遭受构造破坏弱,有相对较好的成藏和保存条件,是研究区古老油气勘探的潜在目标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘泾河油田长7段烃源岩生、排烃期与油气成藏期对比

泾河油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,目前已发现的油气主要位于研究区东北部,前人研究表明原油主要来自延长组长7段油页岩,然而原油到底来自研究区还是其东北部盆地中心的烃源岩还未有定论,从而制约了泾河油田的下一步勘探。利用盆地模拟方法,模拟了研究区和盆地中心长7段烃源岩生、排烃史,确定了泾河油田不同构造部位长7段烃源岩的生、排烃时间,并结合流体包裹体技术厘定了延长组储层原油成藏期次。烃源岩生、排烃时间和储层原油成藏时间以及生、排烃量的计算结果显示,泾河油田长7段烃源岩对本区油气成藏贡献有限,而盆地中心烃源岩生、排烃时间与研究区油气成藏时间具有很好的对应关系,并且本区油气明显具有由东北部向西南部运移的特点。因此与普遍认为的延长组储层以近源短距离垂向运移为主的成藏特征不同,本区已发现油藏可能主要来源于其东北部盆地中心优势生、排烃区,沿走滑断裂带经历了一定距离的侧向运移后聚集成藏。研究结果可为下一步研究区有利运聚方向及成藏区带预测提供重要参考。     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部隆起区油气远源富集与主控因素

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部隆起区的油气勘探始于20世纪70年代, 历经20多年反复探索一直未获得商业发现。近年来, 恩平凹陷北部新近系油气勘探接连取得重大突破, 逐渐成为勘探的热点地区。勘探实践表明远源富集成藏是恩平凹陷北部隆起区新近系油气成藏的重要特征。首先, 侧向断开控洼边界且深入洼陷内部的长期活动断裂体系是恩平北带油气能够大规模向北运移的关键因素; 这类断裂早期控制陡坡带文昌组物源供给, 晚期继承性活动切穿文昌组仓储砂体及烃源岩, 使文昌组烃源岩生成的油气通过油源断裂垂向调节至中浅层新近系储层中; 其次, 油气经过侧向穿断面运移后, 能继续沿断层对盘的构造脊往高部位汇聚, 使油气能够向北远距离运移并富集成藏。油源断裂、仓储砂体与构造脊的耦合是恩平凹陷北部隆起区远源油气富集的关键因素, 同时暗示深层文昌组仓储砂体的巨大勘探潜力。恩平凹陷北部隆起区具备油气远源富集成藏的条件, 在目前已获突破的区域继续向北仍发育较多构造圈闭, 为新近系油气勘探的潜力区带。      

南襄盆地泌阳凹陷与南阳凹陷油气地质特征类比及勘探启示

泌阳凹陷和南阳凹陷均属于南襄盆地次级构造单元，两者被唐河低凸起分隔，有效勘探面积相近，但凹陷资源量、已探明地质储量、石油天然气产量差异很大，油气分布具不均衡性。以两个凹陷的地震、钻井、测录井、地球化学资料为基础，立足于已有的勘探地质认识，从大地构造、含油气盆地要素分析、石油地质学的角度深入分析了两凹陷的相似性和差异性。研究结果表明，两凹陷在大地构造背景、构造演化阶段、凹陷平面形态、地层系统等方面具相似性。两凹陷的差异性主要表现在基底性质、边界断裂特征、沉降特征、地温特征、烃源岩特征、沉积体系、储集层物性、生储盖配置、圈闭特征、油气成藏期次及成藏模式10个方面。其中，基底性质和凹陷地质结构差异导致的油气成藏要素和成藏作用不同是油气分布不均衡性的决定因素。油气地质特征类比表明，南阳凹陷勘探程度相对较低，只要借鉴泌阳凹陷的成功勘探经验，创新地质认识，配套勘探关键技术，开展多领域、多层次、多油藏类型的立体勘探，仍具有较大的勘探潜力。      

琼东南盆地北部中生代凹陷特征及油气成藏条件初探

琼东南盆地的中生代凹陷群是扩大油气勘探发现的远景区。为了实现琼东南盆地中生界的勘探突破,急需落实中生代凹陷的油气成藏条件和有利勘探领域。基于地球物理、地球化学、钻井资料及古生物资料,首次对琼东南盆地中生代凹陷开展了深入系统的分析研究。研究表明,在琼东南盆地北部崖北凹陷、崖城凸起、崖南低凸起和西南部陵南低凸起及南部隆起均存在中生代沉积地层。根据盆地构造演化分析,中生代沉积形成于燕山期太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲期以及其后的弧后伸展期,存在烃源岩、储层及圈闭等油气地质基本条件。琼东南盆地北部坳陷带崖城-崖北地区相比盆地其他地区中生代沉积凹陷规模大,因此本研究重点对琼东南盆地北部坳陷带崖城-崖北地区进行了系统的油气地质综合分析研究,落实了崖城-崖北地区中生界沉积地层分布,并初步评价预测了有利油气勘探区带及重点目标。研究表明,琼东南盆地崖城-崖北地区中生代凹陷发育湖相烃源岩、三角洲等储集体以及构造与地层圈闭,存在西洼南坡带和中部隆起带2个有利油气勘探区带。在这些区带加大勘探,有望获得中生界油气突破。      

准噶尔盆地南缘东段油气成藏条件及成藏模式

准噶尔盆地南缘东段是准噶尔盆地油气勘探的重点地区。以成盆、成烃和成藏理论为指导,应用盆地分析、有效烃源岩评价、储层(裂缝)预测、盆地模拟及流体包裹体分析等技术和方法,综合研究分析了准噶尔盆地南缘东段油气成藏条件,预测了油气资源潜力,建立了油气成藏模式。研究结果表明,该区发育上二叠统、中上三叠统和中下侏罗统三套烃源岩。最主要的烃源岩层为上二叠统,是油气资源分布的主要层位;主要储集层为柴窝堡区块的上二叠统和米泉区块的中下三叠统及中下侏罗统,其物性较差,总体为较好含气储层,是主要的勘探目的层。存在自源(侧向排烃)、它源(垂向排烃)两类油气成藏模式。柴窝堡区块北部和米泉区块仍然是有利的油气勘探地区。     

歧口凹陷沙一下亚段页岩形成环境及页岩油潜力综合评价

渤海湾盆地是目前我国主要的陆相页岩油资源开采区,歧口凹陷位于盆地腹地,是渤海湾盆地内典型的富油气凹陷之一,但长期以来缺少对不同层位页岩形成环境及页岩油潜力的综合评价。选取歧口凹陷沙一下亚段富有机质页岩为研究对象,综合运用地化录井技术和生排烃模拟技术,进行歧口凹陷沙一下亚段页岩沉积特征的描述和页岩油潜力的综合评价。研究结果显示,①歧口凹陷沙一下亚段沉积于水体盐度较高的还原-强还原环境,营养物质丰富,气候炎热湿润,适宜生物大量繁殖,生产力水平高;②结合生排烃模拟实验结果,研究区沙一下亚段页岩生烃能力强、生烃效率高、排油率较低,生成的原油仍大部分残留在页岩中,具有良好的勘探潜力;③研究区沙一下亚段页岩中含有适量碳酸盐矿物,在成岩过程中改善了储集条件,为页岩油提供了良好的储集场所。歧口凹陷西南缘海侵的发生从沉积环境、古生产力及对成岩作用影响等方面促进了沙一下亚段有机质的富集,而有机质富集、生烃强度高以及良好的储集条件共同控制了沙一下亚段页岩油的大面积分布。研究区沙一下亚段页岩油储层可分为碳酸盐岩和混合沉积岩2种类型,综合2种储层的含油性特征后发现,碳酸盐岩矿物含量和脆性指数对页岩含油性有着极大影响。有利勘探区域为构造裂缝发育的宽缓斜坡区和白云岩化程度较高的地区; 有利勘探层段为孔隙和微裂缝发育的白云岩、白云质页岩和灰质页岩层段。该研究成果可为歧口凹陷页岩油的勘探开发提供指导。      

A study on accumulation and distribution of gas in southern Songliao Basin

A number of isolated fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were developed in the early stage of southern Songliao Basin,and unified to a depression basin in the late stage.Therefore,multiple isolated lower petroliferous systems were formed with fault sags as source rocks.The source rocks of fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were mainly described with gas generation as favorable source rocks,leading to the southern Songliao Basin rich in natural gas resources combined with organic gas resources in Nenjiang Formation.A number of tectonic movements in southern Songliao Basin led to the formation of abundant structural traps and complex fault systems,and controlled the distribution strata and positions of sources rocks in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous fault sags.The oil-gas reservoirs can be divided into two types,i.e.,primary and secondary ones.The primary oil-gas reservoirs were distributed in the fault sag strata and the bottom of overlying depression strata(lower Quan-1 Member).The oil-gas reservoir accumulation depended on the trap development situation and the distance from source rocks.The preservation conditions of oil-gas reservoirs depended on the degree of reconstruction in the late tectonism.The secondary oil-gas reservoirs were distribution in the Quantou Formation of depression strata,where oil and gas reservoir accumulation depended on three conditions,i.e.,trap development situation,deep gas sources and the fault to connect the shallow traps and deep gas sources.The southern Songliao Basin is rich in lower coal type gas,upper oil-gas and biogas resources,which are important resources in the future.     

Gas accumulation mechanism in Denglouku Formation of Changling fault depression,southern Songliao Basin,China

The Changling gas field is occurs in tight sandstone reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous Denglouku Formation in the Changling fault depression , southern Songliao Basin , China, which constitutes a new gas-pro-ducing area in the depression .Using information on the source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage of the Denglouku Formation, fault activity, and single well burial history of well CS 1, together with data on reservoir fluid inclu-sion and laser Raman spectroscopy , we described the formation of the Changling gas field and determine that this fault depression did not possess suitable conditions for hydrocarbon generation .Coal-derived methane gen-erated from underlying hydrocarbon source rock accumulated in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation .At the end of the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Stage , underwater volcanic eruptions occurred in the northern part of the Changling gas field near Qian'an, resulting in the reactivation of deep faults .Mantle-sourced inorganic CO2 migrated along faults to hydrocarbon gas reservoirs in volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation ;Mean-while, displaced methane ( hydrocarbon gas ) migrated upward to sand reservoirs of the Denglouku Formation . The methane accumulated and formed secondary gas reservoirs ,Therefore fault activity was the main factor con-trolling the generation of gas reservoirs in the Denglouku Formation .The main accumulation period of the Yingcheng hydrocarbon gas reservoirs was 82 Ma.Whereas gas reservoir formation in the overlying Denglongku Formation was 79 Ma, slightly later than the time of formation of the Yingcheng gas reservoir in CS 1 well area. At 79 Ma, the burial depth of the Denglouku Formation was 1800-2000 m, the diagenesis is relatively weak and the physical properties of the reservoir are relatively favorable for accumulation .This period is not only at gas generation peak time of three sets of source rock but also at the reactivation of deep faults during the forma -tion of fault-bound depressions , thereby providing favorable conditions for the migration and accumulation of methane .     

陆相页岩油勘探“进源找油”探索与思考——以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段为例

基于源岩油气理论和“进源找油”思想,创建提出了陆相页岩油“六定”思路(定背景、定源岩、定储层、定区带、定资源、定甜点)勘探流程,剖析其地质特征及与常规勘探流程的显著差异,并以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段为例进行了论述。按“六定”思路地质评价认为,歧口凹陷在古近纪湖盆扩张和咸化环境下,半深湖—深湖、滨浅湖—湖湾相区分布广泛,发育了多个斜坡构造带,页岩油形成和聚集背景有利。沙一下亚段暗色泥岩、油页岩、富有机质页岩发育,厚度大,分布广,主体处于成熟生油阶段,生烃条件好。受内、外物源共同控制,沙一下亚段形成大面积分布的多期重力流沉积粉—细砂岩和泥—微晶白云岩储层,平均厚度为12.7~70.0 m,叠置发育,连片分布,整体呈低孔、特低—超低渗。沙一下亚段源储一体,发育4类源储配置,源储叠合区主要分布在凹陷中心、宽缓斜坡的中—低斜坡区和中斜坡区,纵向上浊积席状砂岩油层与白云岩油层叠置分布,并与高斜坡及裂缝带砂岩常规油藏横向连片。两类页岩油地质资源量合计中值为5.86×108 t,剩余资源占比大于60%,埋深适中,勘探潜力较大。沙一下亚段已有多口探井钻获工业油流,页岩油富集受构造、微相、成岩共同控制,发育致密砂岩、白云岩2类甜点体和4个甜点段,歧北低斜坡、歧南斜坡、板桥斜坡、歧北中斜坡是歧口凹陷近期勘探的有利甜点区。基于“进源找油”思想提出:需高度重视碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃贡献和分布研究;应开拓一些“非常规思维”,探源岩(区)挖潜力、究储层找甜点、常规非常规结合立体综合勘探;要持续探索和重点攻关页岩油甜点区(段)识别和评价方法技术,解决选区评价面临的技术难题。     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

Through petroleum exploration of 20 years, a new petroleum production area has been constructed in Hailar Basin. Their petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution has been known in detail. The Hailar Basin is a basin group consisted of many scattered sub-basins with similar structural developed history. Each sub-basin has unique hydrocarbon distributing rules, including (1) oil/gas reservoir distribution is controlled by the oil/gas sag, and the oil/gas bearing in big sag is rich; (2) underwater fan and turbidity fan are the most favorable reservoirs; structure zone controlled by main fault is favorable zone of forming composite oil/gas accumulation; (3) lower fault-block in higher rise and higher fault-block in lower rise are favorable to oil/gas accumulation; (4) deep fault and granite body are closely related to oil/gas reservoir, its distributing area is favorable area of oil and mantle source non-hydrocarbon gas formation;(5) higher geothermal area is favorable oil/gas bearing area.     

川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩气藏源储特征及成藏模式

川西坳陷须家河组致密气藏已成为拓展油气勘探、发现新储量的重要领域,致密气藏发育特征及其成藏机理成为目前亟需解决的关键科学问题之一。运用地球化学、地球物理和沉积学等分析方法,对须三段源储特征及成藏模式进行了系统分析,对高效烃源岩和优质储层进行了判别和预测,厘定了致密气藏成藏期次和成藏模式。得出以下结论:①须三段发育成熟-高成熟湖相烃源岩,以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,局部偶见Ⅱ₂型干酪根。发育于须三下亚段最大湖泛面附近,泥页岩体积分数在65%以上或者单层厚度较大、且1.50% ≤ w（TOC）≤ 10%时,属于高效烃源岩。②基于砂岩粒度中值识别出4期（S1,S2,S3和S4）优质储层,都属于低孔低渗-特低孔特低渗致密储层,中砂-细砂,粒度分布范围为0.5~0.062 5 mm,厚度一般5~10 m。主要发育于三角洲前缘和前三角洲。③烃源岩生排烃时间持续较长,中侏罗世开始生烃,一直持续至晚白垩世;从晚侏罗世开始排烃,早白垩世达到高峰。优质储层经历早期天然气持续充注和晚期凝析气充注,天然气充注时间要早于凝析气充注时间。形成了"断层垂向输导,先聚集后致密,晚期改造调整"的致密气藏成藏模式。      

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

1IntroductionHailar Basin is located in the eastern part of In-ner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, with the area of 44 210 km2 (Fig.1).Fig.1SketchmapshowingthelocationofHailarBasinThe Hailar Basin is neither different from the foreland basin of west pa…     

西湖凹陷中央反转带中北部天然气高效成藏主控因素及富集规律

西湖凹陷中央反转带中北部大型气田成藏因素及动态匹配关系至今不明。通过针对烃源岩、储层、输导体系及成藏期等成藏关键因素进行系统分析,建立"源-储-圈-输"的动态成藏过程分析中央反转带中北部大气田的成藏主控因素。研究表明始新统宝石组与平湖组煤系烃源岩不仅生气强度大,而且中新世晚期以来的快速生、排气为中央反转带中北部的大中型天然气藏提供了充足油气源;花港组小于4 000 m地层的酸性地层水是形成有利储层的关键;中新世晚期发生的龙井运动强烈挤压作用使中央反转带发生了构造变形和断层开启活动,为圈闭和油气输导通道的形成创造了条件。综合"源-储-圈-输"分析认为成藏主控因素在生烃期的有机耦合造就了始新统煤系烃源岩高效生气及天然气的有效运移聚集成藏的全过程。本次研究为研究区大气田的勘探提供了借鉴。      

Tectonic Evolution and Geological Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic Strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin

The South Yellow Sea Basin is the main body of the lower Yangtze area in which marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata are widely distributed.The latest geophysical data were used to overcome the limitation of previous poor-quality deep data.Meanwhile,the geological characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin were analyzed by comparing the source rocks and the reservoir and utilizing drilling and outcrop data.It is believed that the South Yellow Sea Basin roughly underwent six evolutionary stages:plate spreading,plate convergence,stable platform development,foreland basin development,faulted basin development,and depression basin development.The South Yellow Sea Basin has characteristics of a composite platform-fault depression geological structure,with a half-graben geological structure and with a ‘sandwich structure' in the vertical direction.Four sets of hydrocarbon source rocks developed – the upper Permian Longtan–Dalong formation,the lower Permian Qixia formation,the lower Silurian Gaojiabian formation,and the lower Cambrian Hetang formation/Mufushan formation,giving the South Yellow Sea Basin relatively good hydrocarbon potential.The carbonate is the main reservoir rock type in the South Yellow Sea area,and there are four carbonate reservoir types:porous dolomitic,reef-bank,weathered crust,and fractured.There are reservoir-forming horizons similar to the typical hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Yangtze land area developed in the South Yellow Sea,and there are three sets of complete source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages developed in the marine strata,with very good hydrocarbon potential.