湘东南印支期与燕山早期花岗岩成矿能力差异与岩石地球化学特征关系探讨

湘东南地处南岭中段北部,为华南重要中生代有色金属矿集区。区内主要矿床均与燕山早期花岗岩有关,印支期花岗岩极少形成规模矿床。已有研究表明区域构造体制不同可能是成矿差异的主要原因,即燕山早期花岗岩形成于后造山伸展构造体制,印支期花岗岩形成于后碰撞弱挤压构造体制。本文研究发现,相对印支期花岗岩而言,燕山早期花岗岩在岩石地球化学特征方面明显具有更好的W、Sn多金属成矿条件:成矿元素W、Sn,放射性生热元素U、Th,挥发分元素F以及稀有金属元素Be、B、Li、Rb等组分的含量及碱性程度更高,岩石氧化程度(Fe2O3/FeO比值)更低;(La/Yb)N值和δEu值更低,Rb/Sr比值更高,反映岩浆分异演化程度更高。因此,除构造体制差异外,花岗岩岩石地球化学特征差异也应是两时代花岗岩成矿差异的重要原因之一。两阶段花岗岩岩石地球化学特征差异的形成可能与构造-岩浆演化历史和构造环境差异有关。     

赣南上犹岩体的锆石SHRIMP定年和地球化学特征及其构造意义

华南加里东期花岗岩的深入研究,对于了解华南地壳演变、构造演化和地球动力学模型的建立起到承上启下的关键作用.为此,本文选择赣南上犹花岗岩体作为研究对象,详细研究了岩体的地质学、岩石学、地球化学和同位素地球化学特征,确定岩石成因和形成的构造环境;采用高精度的锆石SHRIMP定年技术确定岩体的形成时代,利用矿物Ar-Ar定年方法探讨后期构造运动对上犹花岗岩体的影响.     

内蒙古敖汉旗大黄花正长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

通过研究大黄花正长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学,结合地球化学特征,探讨其形成时代、岩石成因及其构造背景.大黄花正长花岗岩的同位素测试结果为162.6±1.9 Ma,表明该岩体形成于中侏罗世晚期.该花岗岩主量元素具有高Si、富碱、低P和Ca的特征,微量元素具明显的Eu、Ba、Sr、P、Ti负异常.岩石经历了高分异演化（DI=95.1~95.88）,为高分异I型花岗岩.极低的Sr/Yb比值暗示其形成于一个非常低压的熔融环境.结合岩石地球化学、区域地质特征,认为大黄花正长花岗岩是蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带演化的产物,其形成于碰撞后的伸展环境.     

西准噶尔晚古生代岩浆活动和构造背景

西准噶尔作为中亚造山带的一部分,吸引了大量学者的关注。蛇绿混杂岩带、花岗岩、中基性岩墙在本地区广泛出现,表明西准噶尔晚古生代构造演化极为复杂。但是在许多方面仍存在很多争议,例如西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩带的形成时代、岩石组合和岩石成因;I型和A型花岗岩的岩石成因,构造背景和热机制;中基性-酸性岩墙群的年代学、岩石成因、构造背景和古应力场;西准噶尔晚古生代年代学格架和构造背景;西准噶尔显生宙地壳增生;西准噶尔基底特征和西准噶尔晚古生代构造演化等。笔者通过搜集前人的资料和数据,对西准噶尔区域发育的蛇绿混杂岩带、地层、古地理环境、花岗岩体和中基性岩墙群的总结,结合项目组野外与室内数据的研究,得到以下认识:(1)达尔布特和克拉玛依蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境为与俯冲相关的弧后盆地,源区来自含尖晶石二辉橄榄岩高程度部分熔融作用;(2)早石炭世花岗岩形成于俯冲环境,晚石炭世-早二叠世花岗岩形成于后碰撞环境,中二叠世花岗岩形成于板内环境;(3)I型花岗岩的成因与俯冲密切相关,而A型花岗岩和中基性岩墙产于后碰撞环境下;(4)A型花岗岩是下地壳受地幔底侵发生部分熔融并高度分离结晶的产物,中基性岩墙群普遍具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特点,可能产于受流体(或熔体)交代的残余洋壳板片的部分熔融;(5)中基性岩墙群稍晚于寄主岩体而形成,但两者均形成于后碰撞构造背景。在晚石炭世-早二叠世,西准噶尔处于近南北向的拉张应力体系;(6)西准噶尔在泥盆纪为洋盆体系;早石炭世,俯冲-碰撞过程结束;晚石炭世-早二叠世属于后碰撞环境;中晚二叠世处于板内环境。     

花岗岩大地构造研究的若干重要问题

宇宙星球中只有地球发育花岗质岩石及广义的花岗岩,它是大陆最主要的组成。因此,花岗岩在固体地球科学研究中具有举足轻重的意义。对此,作者提出花岗岩大地构造,其基本研究内容可概括为物理特性（构造）、物质组成（岩石地化）和年代学三大方面。文章在已有的初步论述基础上,进一步阐述了以下若干研究方面的进展、问题和发展方向:花岗岩岩石组合及其构造背景与环境厘定;花岗岩演化及其构造环境与演化（构造过程）;花岗岩变形、壳内流变及构造动力学意义;花岗岩深部物源填图与造山带及地壳生长。花岗岩大地构造是从花岗岩角度,探索解决大地构造问题,丰富大地构造研究内容,是当今地球科学学科交叉、融合发展的必要。      

桂东北地区几个加里东期花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其构造环境判别

通过对该区花岗岩的常量元素、稀土元素及微量元素成分分析对比,利用岩石化学特征并结合岩体产出地质条件,对花岗岩形成的构造环境进行了综合判别.提出桂东北花岗岩具有相同的成因和来源,属同一岩浆结晶分异演化而来.结晶分异作用为花岗岩的主要成岩方式.越城岭、苗儿山和海洋山岩体主要形成于同碰撞的挤压构造环境下,而大宁岩体总体构造环境为处于碰撞前向同碰撞转换的挤压构造环境.     

桂东北地区几个加里东期花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其构造环境判别

通过对该区花岗岩的常量元素、稀土元素及微量元素成分分析对比，利用岩石化学特征并结合岩体产出地质条件，对花岗岩形成的构造环境进行了综合判别。提出桂东北花岗岩具有相同的成因和来源，属同一岩浆结晶分异演化而来。结晶分异作用为花岗岩的主要成岩方式。越城岭、苗儿山和海洋山岩体主要形成于同碰撞的挤压构造环境下，而大宁岩体总体构造环境为处于碰撞前向同碰撞转换的挤压构造环境。     

阿尔泰诺尔特地区加里东晚期花岗岩特征

根据同位素测试成果及花岗岩产出特征，认为研究区存在加里东晚期花岗岩。通过对岩体中岩石化学资料分析，认为研究区加里东晚期花岗岩产出构造环境为强烈造山带，形成于氧逸度较低的环境。岩石类型从白云母二长花岗岩→黑云母花岗岩→黑云斜长花岗岩→黑云母二长花岗岩；岩石化学向富镁方向发展，并具由钙碱性岩系向钙性岩系演化趋势。文中论述了花岗岩中微量元素特征、放射性γ强度特征及断裂构造特征等。认为研究区具有较好的钨矿成矿条件。     

康定折多山花岗岩岩石学特征及其构造意义

折多山花岗岩作为鲜水河断裂带活动的同构造花岗岩为藏东地区高原隆升和构造演化提供了重要信息.区域地质调查填图表明,折多山岩体的岩石组合特征为:花岗闪长岩→粗粒似斑状二长花岗岩→中粒二长花岗岩→细粒二长花岗岩.其地球化学特征表明岩石属钾玄岩-高钾钙碱质岩石,稀土配分曲线显示其轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具有壳源岩浆特征,稀土-微量元素投点判别图表明花岗岩形成于造山后同构造环境.根据岩石学、地球化学研究,结合鲜水河断裂活动特征分析,认为折多山花岗岩不是断裂活动形成的地壳重熔的产物,而是断裂活动引起的下地壳流体上涌形成的.该项研究支持藏东地区下地壳流体存在的假说,并表明下地壳流体的向东迁移可能是造成鲜水河断裂分期活动和藏东地区逐步隆升的最主要的原因.     

山门银金矿铅同位素地球化学研究

在研究中将矿石铅、岩石铅同位素数据投影于Zartman铅构造模式图中。矿石铅数据点都位于造山带和地幔铅演化线之间,大洋火山岩范围内,更靠近地幔铅演化曲线,说明矿石铅主要来自地幔;岩石铅数据点都落在造山带和上地壳演化线之间,说明岩石铅来自地壳物质重熔或同熔产生的花岗岩类。从而认为山门矿床成矿物质主要来自赋矿地层。矿区印支期或印支燕山期花岗岩是该区老地层重熔形成。该花岗岩的热液活动对山门矿床的最终形成具有重要作用。     

两广交界地区花岗岩中包体的类型，特征与成因

据包体岩相学及矿物学研究，包体岩石为角闪岩相到麻粒岩相的副变质岩，岩石类型有麻粒岩，变粒岩，片麻岩和富云包体，角闪岩相包体形成的温度为633度，压力为460Mpa-550MPa，麻粒岩包体形成的温度为781－883度，压力为530MPa-710MPa，包体为部分熔融形成寄主花岗岩岩浆的源区岩石列余，其中大容－十万大山地区角闪岩相－ 麻粒岩相包体岩石为区域动热变质成因；云开大山地区麻粒岩包体岩石为热穹隆变质成因。     

Geochemistry of biotites and host granitoid plutons from the Proterozoic Mahakoshal Belt,central India tectonic zone: implication for nature and tectonic setting of magmatism

The northern part of the central India tectonic zone (CITZ) is occupied by the Proterozoic Mahakoshal Belt, which is mainly comprised of granitoids and volcano-sedimentary lithounits. The granitoids (ca. 1880–1710 Ma) are exposed as small circular to elliptical-shaped, stock-like intrusive bodies, such as Nerueadamar granitoids (NG), Tumiya granitoids (TG), Jhirgadandi granitoids (JG), Dudhi granite gneiss (DG), Raspahari granitoids (RG), Katoli granitoids (KG), and Harnakachar granitoids (HG), collectively forming the granite gneissic complex (GGC). The geochemistry of biotites, host granitoids, and enclaves from these plutons has been investigated in order to understand the redox condition and likely tectonic affinity of host granitoids. The Al₂O₃–MgO–FeO^t contents and operated elemental substitution in biotites strongly suggest the diverse nature of host magmas such as calc-alkaline, metaluminous (I-type), peraluminous (S-type), and transitional between I- and S-types, which appear to have formed in subduction zone and syn-collisional tectonic settings. The transitional (I-S)-type granitoids inferred based on biotite compositions, however, represent both metaluminous (HG) and peraluminous (DG and KG) granitoids in terms of whole-rock molar A/CNK (Al₂O₃/CaO + Na₂O + K₂O) ratios. Ages of granitoid magmatism and its field association with contemporaneous volcano-sedimentary lithounits clearly mark the post-collisional tectonic setting, which contradicts the subduction-related tectonic setting inferred from biotites of JG and microgranular enclave (JE) hosted in JG. Whole-rock major and trace elements broadly suggest the existence of collision tectonics during the formation of granitoid plutons. The JG, KG, and DG contain a bt-Kf-mag-qtz assemblage, and their parental magmas evolved under moderate oxidizing environments (?O₂ = ?12.03 to ?13.27 bars). On the other hand, RG (bt-gt-Kf-pl-qtz), NG (bt-ms-Kf-pl-qtz), and TG (bt-ms-Kf-pl-qtz) represent pure crustal-derived magmas evolved in strongly reducing conditions formed under a syn-collisional tectonic setting as evident from their mineral assemblages and biotite and whole-rock compositions. Granitoid plutons of the Mahakoshal Belt were most likely formed during amalgamation of the Columbian supercontinent.     

Xiba Granitic Pluton in the Qinling Orogenic Belt,Central China: Its Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Xiba granitic pluton is located in South Qinling tectonic domain of the Qinling orogenic belt and consists mainly of granodiorite and monzogranite with significant number of microgranular quartz dioritic enclaves. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb isotopic dating reveals that the quartz dioritic enclaves formed at 214±3 Ma, which is similar to the age of their host monzogranite (218±1 Ma). The granitoids belong to high-K calc-alkaline series, and are characterized by enriched LILEs relative to HFSEs with negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies, and right-declined REE patterns with (La/Yb)N ratios ranging from 15.83 to 26.47 and δEu values from 0.78 to 1.22 (mean= 0.97). Most of these samples from Xiba granitic pluton exhibit εNd(t) values of ?8.79 to ?5.38, depleted mantle Nd model ages (TDM) between 1.1 Ga and 1.7 Ga, and initial Sr isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr)i from 0.7061 to 0.7082, indicating a possible Meso- to Paleoproterozoic lower crust source region, with exception of samples XB01-2-1 and XB10-1 displaying higher (87Sr/86Sr)i values of 0.779 and 0.735, respectively, which suggests a contamination of the upper crustal materials. Quartz dioritic enclaves are interpreted as the result of rapid crystallization fractionation during the parent magmatic emplacement, as evidenced by similar age, texture, geochemical, and Sr-Nd isotopic features with their host rocks. Characteristics of the petrological and geochemical data reveal that the parent magma of Xiba granitoids was produced by a magma mingling process. The upwelling asthenosphere caused a high heat flow and the mafic magma was underplated into the bottom of the lower continent crust, which caused the partial melting of the lower continent crustal materials. This geodynamic process generated the mixing parent magma between mafic magma from depleted mantle and felsic magma derived from the lower continent crust. Integrated petrogenesis and tectonic discrimination with regional tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, it is suggested that the granitoids are most likely products in a post-collision tectonic setting.     

北京房山花岗闪长岩体中包体的演化及闪长质微粒包体的成因

依据53个观察点2 615个包体的统计,将房山花岗闪长岩体中的包体划分为捕虏岩包体和微粒包体两大类.包体与岩体在组分上具有明显的浓度差,在物理化学上是不平衡的,包体与岩浆之间必然发生交互反应,从而形成包体的同心环带构造.捕虏岩包体环带构造特别发育,尤其是碳酸盐岩包体.根据50余个包体岩石薄片观察、矿物化学及岩石化学分析结果,将碳酸盐岩包体从早到晚的演化规律划分为4个阶段：热变质角岩化阶段→超镁铁质基性岩化阶段→中基性岩化阶段→中酸性岩化阶段,直至包体消失.56个微粒包体岩石薄片鉴定结果表明,其主要组成矿物是普通角闪石、黑云母和斜长石,组成和体积分数与闪长岩相当,因此又称为闪长质包体,定量统计结果表明,暗色闪长质包体的暗色矿物体积分数＞35％,浅色闪长质包体的暗色矿物体积分数＜35％,后者可构成前者的浅色边.根据闪长质微粒包体的宏观特征及分布规律、特殊的结构构造、主要造岩矿物与寄主岩的对比以及6 187个斜长石双晶类型百分率的成因分析得出,房山花岗闪长岩体中的闪长质微粒包体尽管有多种成因,但有不少可能是捕虏岩包体变质改造的结果.     

Petrogenesis of the microcrystalline-dioritic enclaves from Jiuling granitoids in the eastern segment of Jiangnan Orogen and constraints on magma source materials

Numerous dark enclaves with different shapes are found in Jiuling Neoproterozoic granitoids. Precise LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating was conducted on zircons extracted from two microcrystalline enclave samples, yielding crystallization ages of 822.6±5.8 Ma and 822.2±6.2 Ma, respectively. The consistent ages within analytical errors with the host granitoids suggested that they were the products of the same magmatism. The microcrystalline-dioritic enclaves commonly show plastic forms and contain similar plagioclase megacrysts to the host rocks, and both of the enclaves and host granitoids showed a complex composition and structural imbalance in plagioclases. Furthermore, the apatites with a euhedral acicular shape occurred widely in the microcrystalline-dioritic enclaves. All of these petrographic features above imply magma mixing is involved in their diagenesis. The enclaves and host granitoids show a marked zircon trace element difference and Hf isotopic signatures without correlation in zircon trace element pairs but form their own system between enclaves and host granitoids. Additionally, most of the zircons show extremely high ε_Hf (t) with ε_Hf (t) =3.54–11.94 from the southern samples, and ε_Hf (t) =1.0–9.09 from the central region. Some zircons with the higher ε_Hf (t) are similar to the zircons from the juvenile island arc in the eastern segment of Jiangnan Orogen. Integrated geological and Hf isotopic characteristics suggest microcrystalline-dioritic enclaves were derived from the partial melting process of the Mesoproterozoic crust which enriched juvenile island arc materials and mixed with the granitic magma that remelted from the Mesoproterozoic continental crust which relatively enriched ancient sediments and mixed with the host granitoid in diagenesis.     

Enclaves in granitoids of north of Jonnagiri schist belt,Kurnool district,Andhra Pradesh: Evidence of magma mixing and mingling

Calc-alkaline, metaluminous granitoids in the north of Jonnagiri schist belt (JSB) are associated with abundant mafic rocks as enclave. The enclaves represent xenoliths of the basement, mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) and synplutonic mafic dykes. The MME are mostly ellipsoidal and cuspate shape having lobate margin and diffuse contact with the host granitoids. Sharp and crenulated contacts between isolated MME and host granitoids are infrequent. The MME are fine-grained, slightly dark and enriched in mafic minerals compare to the host granitoids. MME exhibits evidences of physical interaction (mingling) at outcrop scale and restricted hybridization at crystal scale of mafic and felsic magmas. The textures like quartz ocelli, sphene (titanite) ocelli, acicular apatite inclusion zone in feldspars and K-feldspar megacrysts in MME, megacrysts across the contact of MME and host and mafic clots constitute textural assemblages suggestive of magma mingling and mixing recorded in the granitoids of the study area. The quartz ocelli are most likely xenocrysts introduced from the felsic magma. Fast cooling of mafic magma resulted in the growth of prismatic apatite and heterogeneous nucleation of titanite over hornblende in MME. Chemical transfer from felsic magma to MME forming magma envisage enrichment of silica, alkalis and P in MME. The MME show low positive Eu anomalies whereas hybrid and host granitoids display moderate negative Eu-anomalies. Synplutonic mafic dyke injected at late stage of crystallising host felsic magma, display back veining and necking along its length. The variable shape, dimensions, texture and composition of MME, probably are controlled by the evolving nature and kinematics of interacting magmas.     

Geochemistry of microgranular enclaves and host granite from Telões (Vila Pouca de Aguiar), Northern Portugal

At Telões, a subaluminous medium- to coarse-grained porphyritic biotite granite, crops out along the Vila Real NNE–SSW fault. It is a post-tectonic granite of 299±3 Ma old given by U–Pb isotopic data on zircon. It contains metaluminous to subaluminous tonalitic, granodioritic and monzogranitic enclaves. All granitoids have Fe²⁺-biotite and some enclaves contain magnesiohornblende and subsolidus actinolite. Monzogranitic enclaves show obvious similarities to the host granite. Linear array between enclaves and host granite is observed in Rb–Sr typical isochron diagram and gives the age of 286±11 Ma and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₀=0.7063±0.0011. Microgranular enclaves have δ¹⁸O values similar to those of the hosting granite. Microgranular enclaves are hybrid rocks probably formed by mixing between a tonalitic enclave magma and a host granite magma as supported by the modelling of major and trace elements. The similar isotopic signatures suggest a subsequent partial equilibration of the enclaves and granite magmas.     

论酸性－中酸性火成岩中包体的分类与命名

本文针对在酸性－中酸性火成岩中包体分类与命名方面存在的一些问题，阐释和厘定了有关包体名称和概念的基本含义．在此基础上，对现有包体名称和概念进行了归类．根据包体的特征及其研究工作的特点，提出了包体的分类命名原则．同时，通过分析寄主岩及其包体形成的地质作用过程，系统提出了包体的成因分类．     

U-Pb Zircon Geochronology and Geochemistry of Granitoids in the Douling Group in the Eastern Qinling

LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating of the Sanpinggou, Gangou and Fengzishan granitoids in the Douling Group of the Eastern Qinling yields ages of 760-685 Ma, which represents a strong tectono-magmatic event in the southern Qinling during the late Neoproterozoic. Geochemical data show that these intrusions have wide compositions ranging from minor gabbros through diorites to granodiorites. They are relatively enriched in LILE, poor in HFSE and strongly depleted in Nb and Ta, displaying affinities of Ⅰ-type granites formed in an active continental margin with oceanic subduction. In contrast to granitoids, gabbros and enclaves in the granitoids have higher REE abundances, relatively flat REE patterns, lower LILE, slightly higher HFSE and more depletion in Nb and Ta. All these suggest that the gabbros were formed by partial melting of the upper mantle above the subduction zone and the granitoids by the partial melting of the lower crust. Combined with regional geological data, the subduction-related granitoids in     

论酸性－中酸性火成岩中包体的分类与命名

本文针对在酸性－中酸性火成岩中包体分类与命名方面存在的一些问题，阐释和厘定了有关包体名称和概念的基本含义．在此基础上，对现有包体名称和概念进行了归类．根据包体的特征及其研究工作的特点，提出了包体的分类命名原则．同时，通过分析寄主岩及其包体形成的地质作用过程，系统提出了包体的成因分类．