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本文论述了黑宝山山间盆地地下水的赋存条件及分布规律,该盆地沉积了一套中生代白垩系九峰山组碎屑岩、火山碎屑岩。岩石胶结较疏松、具有孔隙性、孔隙-裂隙性。为地下水的赋存提供了空间,并阐述了山间盆地地下水补给,迳流、排泄条件及地下水水化学特征。 相似文献
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同位素与水文地球化学方法在矿井突水水源判别中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对抚顺老虎台矿区各类水体的同位素及水化学特征研究,阐述了地表水与矿井各开采水平及73003#突水点的同位素和水化学特征及其相互关系,论证了矿井上覆白垩系砾岩含水层与73003#突水点的联系。研究表明:73003#突水点的同位素及水化学特征与地表水及其他开采水平差异较大,而与白垩系砾岩水的同位素及水化学特征相似。根据同位素、水化学特征及混合计算发现,突水点的水是白垩系地下水与第四系地下水的混合,且白垩系砾岩水占67%,占主导作用;矿井突水通道为活化的F1断层。 相似文献
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陇东白垩系盆地地处甘肃省陇东黄土高原地区.盆地内蕴藏有丰富的地下水资源,然在特定的地理环境及地质构造背景条件下,地下水化学特征变化复杂.对陇东白垩系盆地保安群地下水的水化学特征进行分析研究,得出:盆地内划分的白垩系三层含水岩组水化学特征及分布规律各具特征,整个盆地内地下水水化学场存在一个大致以马莲河为中心、由周边向中部的水平分带,TDS从盆地东西两侧向中心由低渐高;而垂直分带规律则根据水动力特征,分为水交替强烈带、水交替缓慢带和水交替极缓慢带,各带的水化学特征也不相同. 相似文献
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由于白垩系地层有效孔隙度较低,由此渗透性有限,被认为是天然的水文地质隔水层,用以保护深层的含水怪免受潜在的有害工业污染物的破坏。同样的,化工及其它工业也有很多以白垩系地层为厂址的例子。在以色列内盖夫Negev Desert,许多化工厂和有害废物处理场被有意的设置在始新世都用Eocene白垩系岩层之上。但是,同许多其它的白垩系地层一样,Negev Desert内盖夫沙漠的岩层也具有孔隙系统,这些孔隙控制着地下水的水平流动,并控制着溶质的传输。尽管白垩系岩层是弱透水层,而且当地的地下水是咸水,水通过白垩系孔隙后,会流入一重要的饮用水含水层。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地是一个完整的巨大的开启型自流水盆地,主要含水层有第四系松散层孔隙裂隙含水层,白垩系碎屑岩孔隙裂隙含水层、奥陶系灰岩岩溶含水层.本文在分析白垩系地下水赋存规律的基础上,用补给量法计算了白垩系含水层的天然地下水资源量,并阐述了地下水资源的分布特征. 相似文献
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从水文地球化学角度研究鄂尔多斯盆地南区白垩系地下水的排泄途径 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
主要从水文地球化学的角度,以鄂尔多斯盆地白于山以南地区白垩系地下水的水化学水平分带和地表水基流水化学特征为主要依据,结合地质构造格局及岩相古地理条件,分析研究了该区白垩系地下水的补、径、排条件。认为该区白垩系地下水水化学场存在一个由东、北、西南向中部的水平分带,愈向盆地中部水质愈复杂、TDS愈高。马莲河基流水质的沿途变化规律反映出其接受东西两侧地下水的补给。说明鄂尔多斯盆地南区的东部地区和西南部地区为地下水补给区,而中心地带为地下水排泄区,最终经马莲河排出区外。天环向斜轴部和马莲河谷是南区汇集东西两侧地下水的排泄通道。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地地下水资源与开发利用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
鄂尔多斯盆地是我国西北地区的大型构造沉积盆地,以前寒武系变质岩为基底,依次沉积了下古生界碳酸盐岩、上古生界—中生界碎屑岩和各种成因的新生界,总厚度达6000m。根据盆地的地质构造特征和水文地质条件,将鄂尔多斯盆地含水岩系划为周边寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶含水层系统、白垩系碎屑岩裂隙孔隙含水层系统和盆地东部基岩裂隙水与上覆第四系松散层孔隙含水层系统。在含水层系统划分的基础上,以含水体之间是否具有统一的水力联系和稳定的水动力场和水化学场为依据,将周边岩溶水可进一步划分为10个水流系统和22个子系统,白垩系地下水划分为5个水流系统和11个子系统,石炭系—侏罗系裂隙水与上覆松散层孔隙水划分为9个地下水系统。系统论述了含水层系统特征,区域水文地球化学特征和地下水循环规律,对鄂尔多斯盆地地下水资源进行了全面评价,针对能源基地建设的供水急需,提出了地下水合理开发利用建议。 相似文献
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大同盆地孔隙地下水化学场的分带规律性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过对大同盆地2004年孔隙地下水水化学资料的分析发现,盆地内孔隙地下水的水化学特征在水平方向上具有以盆地中部为中心,呈环状分布的特点,且与盆地水动力分区具有很好的一致性。由山前冲洪积倾斜平原到中部冲湖积平原,地下水依次经历了补给区、径流区和排泄区,相应的主要水化学类型分别为HCO3型、HCO3.SO4型和HCO3.SO4.Cl型。与中深层孔隙水相比,浅层孔隙水由于水位埋深浅,蒸发浓缩强烈,易受人类活动的影响,各组分的含量较高,变化幅度较大,水化学类型也相对复杂。浅层地下水的水质呈好转趋势,深层地下水水质基本保持稳定。 相似文献
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松辽平原(吉林省部分)由于自然环境背景和脆弱的生态环境的影响以及近几十年来频繁的人类活动,使生态环境急剧恶化,对全区经济已构成严重威胁。水资源严重紧缺、地下水质恶化、地下水降落漏斗普遍存在于平原各地,土地沙漠化与盐渍化也正在发展蔓延。为了遏制生态环境急剧恶化势头,逐步在松辽平原实现经济、资源与生态环境的协调发展,本文从全区水文地质和环境地质特征出发,针对松辽平原东部地区地下水资源赋存条件复杂,水资源严重紧缺和松辽平原西部地区承压水环境恶化及出现的土地沙漠化与盐渍化等生态环境地质问题,提出了一系列符合实际的综合修复与整治的新方法,对维系吉林省经济及生态省建设具有长远战略意义和迫切的现实意义。 相似文献
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Nguyen Cao Don Nguyen Thi Minh Hang Hiroyuki Araki Hiroyuki Yamanishi Kenichi Koga 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(4):601-609
A sinking of the land surface due to the pumping of groundwater has long been recognized as an environmental issue in the
Shiroishi plain of Saga, Japan. Land subsidence can have several negative economic and social implications such as changes
in groundwater and surface water flow patterns, restrictions on pumping in land subsidence prone areas, localized flooding,
failure of well casings as well as shearing of structures. To minimize such an environmental effect, groundwater management
should be considered in this area. In this study, a new integrated numerical model that integrates a three-dimensional numerical
groundwater flow model coupled with a one-dimensional soil consolidation model and a groundwater optimization model was developed
to simulate groundwater movement, to predict ground settlement and to search for optimal safe yield of groundwater without
violating physical, environmental and socio-economic constraints. It is found that groundwater levels in the aquifers greatly
vary from season to season in response to the varying climatic and pumping conditions. Consequently, land subsidence has occurred
rapidly throughout the area with the Shiroishi plain being the most prone. The predicted optimal safe yield of the pumping
amount is about 5 million m3. The study also suggests that pumping with this optimal amount will minimize the rate of land subsidence over the entire
area.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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Seawater intrusion in the Salalah plain aquifer,Oman 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Salalah is situated on a fresh water aquifer that is replenished during the annual monsoon season. The aquifer is the only
source of water in Salalah city. The rainfall and mist precipitation in the Jabal AlQara recharges the plain with significant
renewable fresh groundwater that has allowed agricultural and industrial development to occur. In Salalah city where groundwater
has been used extensively since the early 1980s for agricultural, industrial and municipal purposes, the groundwater has been
withdrawn from the aquifer more rapidly than it can be replenished by natural recharge. The heavy withdrawal of large quantities
of the groundwater from the aquifer has led to the intrusion of seawater. Agricultural activities utilize over 70% of the
groundwater. For the study of the saltwater intrusion, the area has been divided into four strips, A, B, C and D, on the basis
of land-use in the area. Water samples were collected from 18 water wells. Chemical analysis of major ions and pollution parameters
in the groundwater was carried out and compared to the previous observed values. The electrical conductivity and chloride
concentrations were highest in the agricultural and residential strips and Garziz grass farm. Before 1992 the aquifer was
in a steady state, but presently (2005) the groundwater quality in most of the agricultural and residential strips does not
meet drinking water standards. In addition, model simulations were developed with the computer code MODFLOW and MT3DMS for
solute transport to determine the movement of the freshwater/saltwater interface. The study proposes the protection of the
groundwater in Salalah plain aquifer from further encroachment by artificial recharge with reclaimed water, preferably along
the Salalah coastal agricultural strip. This scheme can also be applied to other regions with similar conditions. 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地南缘平原区地下水动态及地下水资源可持续利用对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
准噶尔盆地南缘平原区是新疆地下水开发利用程度较高的地区之一,水资源短缺是严重制约区内经济发展的主要因素.研究和分析区内地下水位变化趋势和特征及由于地下水开采引发的一系列环境地质问题,对盆地南缘地下水资源评价、地下水合理开发利用和地质环境保护具重要指导意义.从区内30年来地下水位时间和空间变化分析入手,阐述了盆地南缘因人类经济活动引起的水位持续下降和地下水开采量持续增加特征及地下水开采引发的环境地质问题,为今后区内地下水资源评价及开发利用提供较好依据. 相似文献
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湛江市区地面沉降自20世纪80年代发生以来,随着地下水开采深度的增加,地面已出现了不同程度的沉降,影响了社会的稳定和经济的可持续发展。文章根据多年来的地面沉降与地下水动态监测、调查成果,对湛江市区滨海平原地面沉降历史与现状、地面沉降基本规律进行总结,提出了地面沉降防治措施建议,为地方制定水资源规划和地下水资源的管理决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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各类型氟中毒病区与各类地质环境存在着明显的一致性。中、重病区类型区分布于地下水迳流的区域汇水区 冲积湖积低平原 水化学作用的元素富集区。单一中病类型区分布在迳流区——汇水区的过渡带 风砂覆盖的冲积湖积平原和冲积湖积平原的结合部 水化学作用方向的砂丘水对致病水层的补给淡水。单一轻病类型区分布在地下水的迳流区 风砂覆盖的冲积湖积平原 水化学作用方向的元素迁移区。镶嵌于中、重病类型区内的轻病区分布在冲积平原(霍林河河漫滩) 水化学作用方向为河水的对致病水层补给淡化。饮水氟含量与氟骨症患病率呈定域正相关关系,当饮水氟含量超过6 mg/l时,患病率保持基本不变。影响氟中毒滋生的诸地质环境因素中地下水动力条件起着根本性作用。 相似文献
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The effects of injecting oxic water from the New York city (NYC) drinking-water supply and distribution system into a nearby anoxic coastal plain aquifer for later recovery during periods of water shortage (aquifer storage and recovery, or ASR) were simulated by a 3-dimensional, reactive-solute transport model. The Cretaceous aquifer system in the NYC area of New York and New Jersey, USA contains pyrite, goethite, locally occurring siderite, lignite, and locally varying amounts of dissolved Fe and salinity. Sediment from cores drilled on Staten Island and western Long Island had high extractable concentrations of Fe, Mn, and acid volatile sulfides (AVS) plus chromium-reducible sulfides (CRS) and low concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and U. Similarly, water samples from the Lloyd aquifer (Cretaceous) in western Long Island generally contained high concentrations of Fe and Mn and low concentrations of other trace elements such as As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and U, all of which were below US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and NY maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). In such aquifer settings, ASR operations can be complicated by the oxidative dissolution of pyrite, low pH, and high concentrations of dissolved Fe in extracted water. 相似文献