犛犇犆犗犚犛在济西水源地水文地质调查中的应用

介绍了多基站网络RTK技术建立的连续运行卫星定位服务综合系统（CORS）的基本构成及其优势,结合工程实例,阐述了SDCORS在水文地质调查中的应用情况、可行性以及达到的精度,着重说明了采取何种措施才能达到其所需精度。通过SDCORS在济西水源地水文地质调查中的应用,证明用该方法能够获得满足供水水文地质精度要求的测量成果,与常规方法相比具有方法可靠、测得的结果准确度高等优点,指出了测量时应该注意的问题。     

Monitoring the tectonic plate movements in Turkey based on the national continuous GNSS network

In recent decades, the space geodesy has been applied to the areas such as transportation, infrastructure planning, navigation, etc. Among them, the precise positioning at the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations yields better view in the understanding of the crustal deformation that requires global-scale measurements. There have been numerous studies examining the data process of continuous GNSS observations in the field of earth monitoring. More recently, GNSS stations established for continuously operating reference station networks have been beneficial resources in the tectonic plate-monitoring studies in lieu of campaign-type observations. However, this requires that the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) should be established on stable structures acting like foundations and requires investigation of the long-term repeatability time series. This study aims to introduce recently established national CORS network, named CORS-TR, covering the entire Turkey and Northern Cyprus, and to explain the process of the long-term data obtained from the network on the characteristics of the tectonic plate movement within the area. The results of the CORS-TR data process present a great potential of using continuously operating reference stations not only in real-time kinematic applications of conventional geodesy studies but also in detecting and monitoring the crustal deformations of those that are crucial in earthquake-prone areas like Turkey. Since the findings are computed from the results of the all permanent stations of CORS-TR network, this study also examines the GNSS observation quality of the network for the given time interval. One of the major conclusions of the data process conducted in the study displays that the CORS-TR stations established on the carefully selected large and low-rise existing building had been more stable than the stations on the ground which have been subjected to soil settlement since the construction.     

Accuracy and precision of network-based RTK techniques as a function of baseline distance and occupation time

Turkey established the TUSAGA-AKTIF CORS Network in May 2009. Network software and central server were updated in 2016. With this update, GLONASS message type was determined for Flächen Korrektur Parameter (FKP), Master Auxiliary Concept (MAC) and Virtual Reference Station (VRS) network-based real time kinematic (NRTK) techniques. A 64 bit central server and the Trimble Pivot Platform network software were also acquired with this update. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been a comprehensive accuracy and precision test of the new system yet. In this paper, we aimed to create empirical accuracy and precision model of FKP, MAC and VRS NRTK techniques of the updated system as a function of baseline distance and occupation time. It is intended that surveyors can perform mission planning according to the requirements of accuracy and precision using these models. Seven test points and two check points were chosen to conduct the experiment. The baseline lengths with respect to the closest continuously operating reference stations (CORS) station were determined as 5-20-40-50 km approximately. Three thousand epochs with 2-s sampling interval were obtained for northing, easting and ellipsoidal height coordinate components of NRTK techniques at each point. Assumed true coordinates of each test point were determined by static survey using the GAMIT/GLOBK scientific software. In terms of accuracy and precision, our results show that empirical accuracy model depends only on the occupation time while empirical precision model depends on both the baseline length with respect to the closest CORS station and the occupation time for each NRTK technique. The results indicate that estimated accuracy and precision models can be safely used for mission planning purposes.     

Study the feasibility of using PPP for establishing CORS network

Nowadays many continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network were established in Middle East to improve the surveying tasks. Establishing such geodetic control networks can be a costly business where multiple stations should be occupied simultaneously and post-processed with scientific software. Recently, precise point positioning (PPP) provides precise positioning values that may be an alternative to precise relative processing. The current research aims to investigate that PPP has a potential as a reliable absolute positioning technique operational simplicity as well as to investigate the capability of PPP approach to be a low cost alternative to the conventional positioning methods used in position determination of core networks stations. In comparison with common relative GPS techniques, the costs are reduced; because no base stations and no simultaneous observations are necessary, no need for control network maintenance which could be the most defective factors that Egypt HARN network suffered from. To see the feasibility study of using PPP for precise determination of the CORS, 14 days of GNSS data for the 14 Kuwait integrated with 27 IGS stations were processed by Bernese software to calculate the precise coordinates of Kuwaiti CORS network in the latest terrestrial geodetic frame. Three days of these data were processed by Trimble business center software and using PPP approach to calculate the precise coordinates of Kuwait network. In the current research, a comparable investigation was carried out between the coordinates obtained from Bernese software, Trimble business center, and PPP approach. The comparison proved high level of agreement between the coordinates which confirm that PPP approach can be applied for establishment of CORS network.     

RTK技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用

RTK测量有着实时、快捷、全天候等优点,在测量各领域得到广泛应用。本文通过RTK技术在煤田地震勘探方面的实践运用,对其作业方法、作业组织及成果精度作了初步研究。RTK测量的实质是将WGS84坐标系上的高精度三维成果以一定的转换参数,通过实时数据链进行计算转换,最终得到国家或工程独立坐标系的成果,本文亦对其转换参数的求取作了初步探讨。     

浅谈RTK在矿区测量中的应用

RTK测量技术因具有作业精度、作业效率高等明显优势,被广泛应用于矿区测量工作中。宁东煤田梅花井井田．总测量面积约70km^2,测区内沙漠较多．原有控制点破坏严重,采用常规测量手段施测十分困难,为此采用RTK技术,并建立了精度高、布局合理的矿区控制网。控制网由已知点4个,未知点15个组成,共处理基线65条。通过对控制网进行技术分析,发现RTK测量的各项指标均优于规范要求。结合GPS RTK技术在该矿区测量中的应用实例．指出RTK技术从基准站与流动站的设置至数据检验各程序中应注意的问题,并认为RTK技术是矿区测量工作的优先选择。     

CORS网和GNSS技术在地面变形监测中的应用

地面变形对工程建设安全稳定具有一定影响,对工程建设规划、地质灾害防治等具有重要意义。本文利用卫星导航定位基准站（CORS）网全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）连续观测,实现了区域地面大地高、地面重力和地倾斜变化面的监测,通过与部分地质灾害信息进行时空分析,确定了用于地面稳定性变化分析的要素和权重,进而定量分析了地面稳定性变化。该方法在浙江省东南部地区进行了测试验证,获得了较好的效果。利用CORS网连续观测能够定量监测地面变形整个面的变化,分析区域地面稳定性变化情况,可为区域规划和地质灾害防治提供技术支持和参考。     

单基站CORS系统在胜利油区石油天然气井位测量中的应用

随着GPS技术的飞速前进,利用网络RTK技术建立的连续运行卫星定位系统已成为GPS应用的发展热点之一。通过对胜利油田单基站CORS系统的组成、功能及在胜利油区石油天然气井位测量中的应用方式及精度分析的论述,对单基站CORS系统在石油天然气井位测量中的现实意义和应用前景进行了展望。     

RTK在矿山地质测绘中的应用

结合徕卡ATX1230RTK双频接收机在夏河县三索玛矿山测绘中的应用,简述了RTK的工作原理,分析了其精度,提出了几点建议。     

RTK应用及成果精度分析

为验证RTK作业的精度和可靠性,选择具有GPS静态控制网成果的平地、丘陵和山地三个测区作为试验区,根据不同参数转换和高程拟合方法测定的成果,与已知的GPS静态成果和水准高程进行比较,结果发现：在平地、丘陵、山地三种地貌条件下,使用相同的参数转换方式和高程平面拟合方式,其成果差别不大;存储方式对观测精度有一定的影响,一般情况下平滑存储成果的可靠性高于一般存储成果;使用四参数转换的成果较七参数转换的成果平面精度要高;使用平面拟合的高程精度略高于使用曲面拟合的高程。根据对测量精度及可靠性的分析结论,提出在勘探工程中RTK的作业方法及注意事项。     

Investigation of GLONASS performance in differential positioning

With GLONASS completed its full constellation and the rapid increasing number of GNSS receivers, it is worthwhile to investigate the availability of GLONASS-only in positioning. In this paper, two networks of different baseline length, located in two different regions are analyzed. For both networks, GLONASS and GPS observations are processed respectively for 175?days since GLONASS recovered FOC. The RMS and STD of the coordinates minus those from the International GNSS Service weekly solutions are analyzed. The statistics over a long period empirically demonstrate that the averaged coordinate repeatabilities of GLONASS are slightly worse than that of GPS results. The estimated ZTDs of GLONASS is about 1?C2?mm worse than GPS results. For both networks, the GLONASS coordinates show some systematic effect as a function of antenna + radome type, caused by the using of GPS derived PCC models. The systematic effect varied form several mm to 1?cm for different stations with different antenna + radome types, which indicates that GLONASS-specific PCC models are mandatory in GLONASS high precision positioning.     

CORS系统在GPSC级控制网测量中的应用

简要介绍了CORS系统的发展情况,分析了GPS C级控制网测量的精度,就GPS网的布设、基线解算、GPS网平差及检核进行有益的探讨,旨在发挥CORS的优势,解决GPS控制网测量中控制点缺乏的问题,提高CORS的应用水平。     

GPS RTK技术性能及在地质勘查中的应用

主要介绍了技术及其快速静态定位、准动态定位和动态定位三种定位模式。重点对GPS RTK技术在地质找矿、工程测量中的勘探网及控制测量、地形测量、图根控制点加密、勘探工程放样、地质特征点采集、物化探测网和勘探线剖面测量等应用进行了分析。     

浅谈GPS静态相对定位与PTK定位在煤田勘探中的应用

分析实时GPS误差的来源,并用RTK测量技术来检核GPS静态相对定位所测设的E级控制点,对其测量精度做出相应的比较分析,阐述GPS静态相对定位和RTK定位技术在煤田勘探测量中的应用.     

GPS RTK技术用于滑坡动态实时变形监测的研究

为了研究GPS RTK技术用于滑坡动态变形监测的精度和可靠性,本文结合某类滑坡的大型物理模型试验,在滑坡体上布设了若干监测点,并用GPS RTK技术、全站仪三维测量技术和GPS单历元定位技术实时跟踪监测了该滑坡在自然状态下从稳定到产生破坏的全部过程。通过对监测数据的处理和分析,获得了RTK技术用于滑坡变形监测的可靠性和精度等技术参数,即在基准站和流动站同步观测到的卫星数在7颗以上且RTK系统的数据链能够正常工作的情况下,RTK测量的平面和高程精度就能分别控制在15mm和20mm以内。研究结果表明,RTK技术在一定条件下完全可用于滑坡灾害的动态实时变形监测。     

基于SDCORS的车载RTK高程注记点连续采集精度分析

为提高航测法数字线划图（DLG）的生产效率,尽可能减少外业作业时间,基于山东省卫星定位连续运行综合服务系统（SDCORS）的车载RTK技术进行高程注记点采集。采用不同时间（白天、晚上）、不同车速条件进行高程注记点连续采集,并与常规方法（全站仪、单基站RTK）采集高程点进行比较,求取高程中误差,认为在夜间以不大于20 km/h的车速进行采集精度较高。在数字海阳基础地理信息数据采集项目中,利用车载RTK采集346 km2范围内的沿路高程注记点,结果表明能够满足1∶500航测法成图精度要求。     

GPS RTK技术在像控测量中的应用及精度分析

简要介绍RTK在像控测量中的应用;重点结合合肥测区的实际,根据实践和检测的数据,对RTK GPS的观测成果的可靠性和精度情况进行分析。     

GPS测量在铁路施工控制网中的应用

白浩铁路一期工程线路自桑锡线的白音库伦车站引出,直至门迪诺尔,全线长约52.253km。根据野外施工条件采用GPS定位技术进行E级网平面控制测量,高程控制采用几何水准方法,在施测时加测一个临时点以增加图形强度。测量施工采用4台S82-2008双频GPS接收机按静态观测方法进行同步观测,观测时间控制在45min~60min。根据GPS网平差后坐标和点位精度分析,该项勘测工程控制网设计与施工措施合理,测量结果满足规范所规定的各项限差要求。白浩铁路一期工程GPS施测控制网的布设方法为GPS在沙漠地区特殊条件下的应用提供了一成功例证。     

北斗/GPS融合静态相对定位用于高精度地面沉降监测的试验与结果分析

我国的北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,缩写为BDS)已于2012年12月27日正式对亚太大部分地区提供连续无源定位、导航和授时服务.为了探讨BDS/GPS融合观测数据用于高精度地面沉降监测的效果和精度情况,利用5台兼容BDS和GPS系统信号的GNSS接收机,对西安市地面沉降GPS监测网中的9个监测点进行了复测.通过对连续观测10h以上4个时段观测数据的处理和分析,结果表明,相对于单独采用GPS观测数据进行基线解算而言,融合了BDS和GPS观测数据基线结果的内符合精度大大提高,水平方向的平均中误差从5mm改善至3mm,垂直方向的平均中误差从17mm 改善至12mm; 同时,监测结果的外符合精度也大大增强,X、Y、Z方向的平均中误差分别从6mm、15mm、10mm改善至1.5mm、8mm、5mm.这说明融合了BDS观测数据的BDS/GPS静态相对定位可以明显提高高精度地面沉降监测结果的内外符合精度.     

基于广播RTK边缘计算的北斗高精度地质灾害监测系统及应用分析

为提供全天候、全自动化、高精度变形监测服务,并最大限度降低空间环境因素对实时高精度定位的影响,基于数字调频广播（CDRadio）RTK（载波相位差分技术）边缘计算技术融合GNSS（全球卫星导航系统）核心解析算法,开发了具有自主知识产权、结构开放的“基于广播RTK边缘计算的北斗高精度地质灾害监测系统”,该系统能长时间稳定运行,并能满足功能性需求和非功能性需求在内的所有用户需要。以广西梧州市长洲区宝石园8号地块不稳定斜坡为例,通过分析2020年5—11月的监测数据表明:整个坡体处于蠕变阶段,坡顶前缘有向外侧蠕动且下沉的趋势,整个坡体有向东南方向倾斜发育的趋势。系统通过建立良好的系统信息交互平台,将系统形成的统计分析信息高速便捷地传递给用户,提高用户系统管理、决策、应用能力;充分挖掘系统数据资源,提供实时预报服务,提高信息采集、传输、处理、分析、预报的准确性、可靠性,全面提高地质灾害监测预警预报管理能力,更好地为各级管理部门的决策和指挥抢险救灾提供科学依据。