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元素活动态提取条件和分析方法的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
元素活动态分析作为深穿透地球化学的新方法,得到了广泛的应用。实验对水提取态、黏土吸附态、有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态四种元素活动态的提取条件进行了系统研究,分别考察了提取时间、液固比、离心转速、提取液放置时间对提取效果的影响,确定了元素活动态的最佳提取条件:提取时间为24h,液固比为10:1,离心转速4000rpm;提取液采用新型的高分辨率等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)测定,该仪器具有强大的动态线性范围(10-12~1012)和高灵敏度,使可同时测定的元素拓展至50余种,可以大大提高工作效率。对HR-ICPMS的主要工作条件:辅助气流量、样品气流量和采样深度等利用响应面法进行了优化。本法将传统的过滤法改为离心法,避免了滤纸或穿滤引入的误差;将新型的高分辨率等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)应用到提取液的测定,提升了多元素同时分析能力,大大提高工作效率,同时也降低了该方法的检出限,改善了测定结果的精密度。依据实验结果,建立了HR-ICP-MS对四种元素活动态的分析方法,分别得到了四种活动态中各元素的方法检出限和方法精密度,水提取态、黏土吸附态、有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态中各元素的精密度范围依次为3.4%~38.1%、3.78%~35.7%、2.41%~35.9%、2.26%~32.5%;通过顺序提取,将四个相态中提取到的元素量和残渣中残留进行加和,得到50个元素的加和结果,验证了该方法的准确度(RE)为-29%^-1.3%,满足当前元素活动态的分析测试需求。 相似文献
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深穿透地球化学样品中铜活动态提取条件研究与初步应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
深穿透地球化学是通过提取地表土壤中深部隐伏矿发出的元素直接信息的找矿方法,元素活动态提取是应用最广的方法之一。但地表土壤中元素活动态含量信息微弱,活动态提取、元素分析的过程复杂,分析误差容易掩盖有效信息。目前的研究对提取过程条件缺乏有效的控制,方法标准化程度不高。本文研究了深穿透地球化学样品中活动态铜的提取条件,包括提取固液比、提取时间、提取液pH、固液分离方法、提取温度等,对提取过程进行优化,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜的含量,方法检出限为0.03μg/g,精密度(RSD)为4.95%~7.39%。方法操作简单,精密度较好,应用于河南某隐伏铜多金属矿的探测,通过分析矿床的铜总量和活动态铜的含量,发现在矿床土壤中探测到了较为明显的与深部矿体成矿元素的活动态异常,探测结果所圈定的异常与实际矿(化)体相符。 相似文献
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活动态提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定栾川矿集区深穿透地球化学样品中铜铅锌钨钼 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
活动态提取技术是深穿透地球化学研究隐伏矿的有效手段之一,但在方法应用过程中发现单一的提取剂不能适用于所有元素和各种覆盖区,并且提取过程中温度、时间、酸度等条件对提取结果影响较大,可能掩盖有效的活动态信息。本文建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定多金属元素活动态提取液中铜、铅、锌、钨、钼的方法。通过试验确定了最佳提取条件为:固液比1∶10,提取时间24 h,提取液p H=7.0,提取温度25℃。各元素的方法检出限为0.006~0.021μg/g,精密度(RSD)为1.9%~6.6%。该方法应用于栾川矿集区西鱼库隐伏班岩钼(钨)矿床,探测到明显的W、Mo活动态异常,与隐伏矿体在地表投影位置相符。 相似文献
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金属活动态测量方法是寻找隐伏矿的有效手段之一,但在方法应用过程中发现不同地球化学景观条件下金元素的有效活动态类型不尽相同,并且提取过程中固液比、温度、时间等条件会对活动态提取数据产生较大影响。为了探讨金元素活动态选择性提取及方法在秦岭地区的指示效果等问题,本文利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析技术对秦岭地区王家坪金矿床金元素活动态提取的不同实验条件及不同粒级样品进行对比研究,确定了针对金元素水提取态、黏土吸附态、有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态的最佳提取条件为:固液比1:5,提取时间24h,提取温度35℃,采样粒级为-80目。金元素四个相态的方法检出限分别为:水提取态0.03ng/g,黏土吸附态0.03ng/g,有机结合态0.04ng/g,铁锰氧化物结合态0.05ng/g,精密度(RSD)为7.25%~9.02%。该方法应用于王家坪金矿床23线,经分析金元素各形态平均含量为:水提取态0.19×10-9,黏土吸附态0.30×10-9,有机结合态11.16×10-9,铁锰氧化物结合态0.20×10-9,其中有机结合态为矿区土壤中金元素赋存的主要活动相态,金的有机结合态异常与隐伏金矿体位置一致。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。 相似文献
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黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。 相似文献
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K. Johannsen 《Computational Geosciences》2003,7(3):169-182
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions. 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Mine-water chemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly 总被引:24,自引:3,他引:24
David Banks Paul L. Younger Rolf-Tore Arnesen Egil R. Iversen S. B. Banks 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(3):157-174
Contaminative mine drainage waters have become one of the major hydrogeological and geochemical problems arising from mankind's
intrusion into the geosphere. Mine drainage waters in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom are of three main types: (1) saline
formation waters; (2) acidic, heavy-metal-containing, sulphate waters derived from pyrite oxidation, and (3) alkaline, hydrogen-sulphide-containing,
heavy-metal-poor waters resulting from buffering reactions and/or sulphate reduction. Mine waters are not merely to be perceived
as problems, they can be regarded as industrial or drinking water sources and have been used for sewage treatment, tanning
and industrial metals extraction. Mine-water problems may be addressed by isolating the contaminant source, by suppressing
the reactions releasing contaminants, or by active or passive water treatment. Innovative treatment techniques such as galvanic
suppression, application of bactericides, neutralising or reducing agents (pulverised fly ash-based grouts, cattle manure,
whey, brewers' yeast) require further research.
Received: 13 August 1996 · Accepted: 3 January 1997 相似文献