三眼峪特大泥石流形成的物源条件分析

通过对舟曲县"8.8"特大山洪泥石流三眼峪沟进行现场调查,从泥石流的岩土体类型及特征、地质构造、水文地质、新构造运动及地震等方面,对物源条件的地质环境背景进行了总结.调查结果表明:①三眼峪沟泥石流的松散固体物质主要包括崩塌堆积物、滑坡堆积物、残坡积物和冲洪积物.②三眼峪沟松散固体物质总量4079.42×104m3,流域...     

舟曲县三眼峪沟特大型泥石流的形成和运动特征

2010年8月8日凌晨,舟曲县城北侧三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟暴发了自1949年以来强度最大的特大山洪泥石流灾害。本文基于现场调查,对三眼峪沟泥石流的运动特征进行了分析。该流域泥石流的特征显示,三眼峪沟"8.8"泥石流在流域中游已基本形成,但是,由于沟谷不同地段沟谷形态及固体物质的特征不同,泥石流在冲淤和流量方面差异显著。三眼峪沟的两个支沟汇合后,泥石流流量迅速增大,但其最大峰值流量未形成叠加,主沟出山口处最大峰值流量达1833.18m3/s。     

甘肃舟曲三眼峪沟泥石流的形成条件与发展趋势

2010年8月8日,舟曲县城北侧三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟暴发的特大山洪泥石流,给舟曲县城人民生命财产造成了巨大损失。本文基于现场调查,分析了三眼峪沟泥石流的形成条件和未来泥石流的发展趋势。调查发现,独特的地形条件、极其丰富的固体物质储备和极端降雨条件,导致了"8.8"特大泥石流灾害。崩塌堆积体是三眼峪沟泥石流固体物质的最主要来源,受"8.8"泥石流的影响,沟内堆积物的稳定性进一步降低,一旦有强降雨发生,该沟很可能再次发生泥石流,并且泥石流的规模和活动性可能进一步增强。     

斯巴呷拉达沟泥石流发育趋势及防治方案

通过对斯巴呷拉达沟的野外勘查,判定该沟泥石流为地震触发.估算表明,地震导致流域内发育6处崩塌体,总面积17 047 m2,松散固体物质总量为11.02×104 m3.在分析泥石流形成条件与发展趋势的基础上,提出泥石流减灾方案.     

都江堰市龙池镇麻柳沟泥石流特征及形成条件分析

通过对都江堰市龙池镇麻柳沟泥石流灾害现场调查,分析了泥石流的特征及形成条件,并对沟道内松散固体物质储量进行了计算,分析了危险区范围。结果表明:麻柳沟流域的地形特征为泥石流形成提供了有利的地形条件,"5.12"汶川地震和"4.20"芦山地震为泥石流的形成提供了丰富的物源条件,多次强降雨为泥石流的启动提供了充足的水源条件。通过计算得出,麻柳沟沟道内的松散固体物质储量约为29.21×104 m3,其中形成区13.19×104 m3,流通区3.27×104 m3,堆积区12.75×104 m3,泥石流最大危险范围为0.247 1km2。     

甘肃文县关家沟泥石流物源条件与治理工程探析

关家沟泥石流沟位于文县县城北部,具有极为丰富的物源条件。通过调查从泥石流的岩土体类型及特征、地质构造、水文地质、新构造运动及地震等方面,对物源条件的地质环境背景进行了总结。其松散固体物质主要有滑坡堆积物、崩塌堆积物、滑塌—坍塌堆积物、沟道冲洪积堆积物及面状堆积物等。固体物质总储量为11 570.1×104m3,转化为泥石流组成部分的主要方式包括滑坡、崩塌、滑塌—坍塌直接堆积或堵塞沟道,被水流冲蚀、搬运;滑坡体、崩塌体表层松散物质及沟坡上的面状堆积物在降水面蚀作用下,细粒物质流入沟道,补给泥石流增加了泥石流的黏度;沟道内早期的冲洪积物被泥石流直接搬运、冲蚀,构成泥石流固体松散物质等。通过对物源条件分析,提出了治理工程措施,以期为关家沟泥石流灾害防治提供参考。     

基于ArcGIS＋DEM的三眼峪泥石流水动力条件分析

通过对甘肃省舟曲三眼峪特大泥石流灾害的现场调查,从泥石流形成的地形地貌条件和水动力条件人手,以ArcGIS为平台,运用DEM数据,分析了特大泥石流灾害的三区地形地貌特征、固体松散物特征、降雨特征以及泥石流静力学和动力学特征。结果表明：三眼峪三区为泥石流的形成和径流流通提供了极为有利地形条件;固体松散物质补给量潜力巨大,会导致堰塞坝的放大效应;诱发此次特大山洪泥石流是一场局地性、短时强度大的暴雨过程,泥石流容重在2．10t·m^-3左右,属于高容重黏性泥石流;泥石流屈服应力在8000Pa以上,大小眼峪（降雨汇流区）及三眼峪（泥石流堆积区）泥石流流速分别为8．97m／s、7．06m／s和6．02m／s,洪峰流量分别为1659m^3／s、1553m^3／s和1896m^3／s,冲击力分别为46676tf、40236tf和21182tf,其破坏力巨大,危害严重,使得泥石流在汇流区破坏力巨大以切蚀为主,受地形影响,三眼峪出口处,冲击力减小,泥石流发生堆积。     

甘肃省舟曲8.7特大泥石流调查研究

本文通过对甘肃省舟曲县城后山三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟特大泥石流灾害的现场调查,从泥石流形成的地形、地质和降雨条件入手,分析了特大泥石流灾害的特征与成因:三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟泥石流形成区在2010年8月7日23～24时的1h降雨量达77.3mm,暴雨形成强大洪水依次冲毁两条沟内的天然堆石坝和人工拦挡坝,形成规模巨大的高容重黏性泥石流,泥石流冲出总量和泥沙总量分别为 144.2104m3和97.7104m3; 泥石流携带具有强大冲击力的巨石冲毁房屋5500余间; 在白龙江内形成长约550m,宽约70m,高约10m的堰塞坝并形成堰塞湖,堰塞湖回水长3km,使县城一半被淹; 泥石流造成1744人死亡和失踪。分析研究表明,三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟泥石流如果在近期遭遇强降雨还会暴发泥石流,但规模比87特大泥石流小;如果强降雨发生在数年后,暴发的泥石流规模比87特大泥石流略小;在20a或更长的时期内,没有发生新的地震影响下,在三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟经历一次大规模泥石流暴发后,泥石流的规模将回到汶川地震前的水平。     

贵州都匀马达岭滑坡碎屑流形成泥石流特征

2006年5月18日,贵州都匀市马达岭发生滑坡,滑坡体位于马达岭沟上游采煤区,部分滑坡体滑入沟内并碰撞解体形成碎屑流堆积在沟道中上游,形成约800m长的淤积段,沟道内固体物质总量约16×104m3。滑坡后采煤区内老窑水迅速释放汇流至沟道启动沟道内物源形成泥石流运动至下游,从流通区下游逐渐淤积并少量冲出沟口,沟道内淤积长350m,堆积区体积约0.7×104m3。马达岭沟泥石流呈滑坡—碎屑流—水作用形成泥石流的连续性过程,具有典型的滑坡碎屑流形成泥石流特征。由于沟道内仍有较多物源,同时沟道内形成两处巨石淤塞形成的堰塞坝,后期强降雨作用下仍可能形成泥石流。     

三眼峪特大泥石流堆积特征

通过野外勘查与试验,认为三眼峪泥石流沟是一个高频泥石流沟,历史上发生多次重大泥石流灾害事件,多期泥石流堆积物在沟道及沟口上下超覆叠置。结合泥石流发生前后遥感影像对比,采用ArcGIS平台进行分析,“8．8”特大泥石流一次最大冲出固体物质总量达152．18×10^4m^3,所到之处房毁江堵,并形成长约1．9km的狭长堆积,堆积量110．58×10^4m^3,最大堆积厚度达10．8m。因泥石流堆积特征是泥石流发生、发展、活动过程的客观记录,分析了三眼峪早期和“8．8”泥石流在不同部位的堆积特征和破坏程度,为泥石流综合整治和灾后重建规划提供参考。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an