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提出了冰雷达数据处理的流程,详细论述了冰雷达数据处理中常规修正的关键技术:静态校正、增益控制、带通滤波以及偏移处理等。以中国第24次南极科学考察(CHINARE 24)所获取的Dome A 地区30 km×30 km范围冰雷达原始数据处理作为实例,提取得到了该区域冰盖内部等时层埋深以及冰盖的冰厚数据。通过插值展现了冰盖等时层以及冰岩界面的三维空间形态。结合该区域ICESat冰盖表面高程数据,构建出了Dome A地区涵盖冰盖表面、冰盖等时层以及冰岩界面形态特征的三维模型。 相似文献
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南极冰盖表面微地貌是大气与冰盖相互作用的直接产物,微地貌的形态特征、结构性质及其发展变化对南极冰盖表面的物质平衡、能量平衡以及冰盖记录大气信息的过程具有重要的影响,冰盖表面微地貌的结构性质以及空间分布的确定是计算南极冰盖物质平衡与能量平衡的重要依据,同时在南极冰芯钻探选址以及冰芯解译古气候信息时具有重要的参考价值。根据微地貌的形成方式将南极冰盖表面微地貌分为沉积型、侵蚀型、沉积间断型三类,介绍了南极冰盖表面常见的微地貌形态雪丘、雪纹、雪垄、雪窝以及光洁区的形态特征与结构性质,并对冰盖表面微地貌的分布规律特征进行了总结,文中重点对不同微地貌区域内的物质平衡与能量平衡特征进行了介绍,最后探讨了冰盖表面光洁区对南极冰芯选址的影响,并对未来南极微地貌研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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《极地研究》2017,(3)
在全球变暖的背景下,东南极冰盖显著地出现降雪增多冰厚增大的现象,然而由于有关东南极冰盖的观测数据相对缺乏,因而很难对东南极冰盖大范围的冰盖动力学、热力学状态细节进行整体性评估。Dome A到中山站断面是横穿南极冰盖计划的核心断面之一。该断面穿越的兰伯特(Lambert)冰川上游、甘布尔采夫(Gamburtsev)冰下山脉和Dome A区域是南极科学研究的热点区域,因此具有重要的研究价值。本研究使用已多次在南极冰盖有过成功模拟应用的三维有限元冰盖模式Elmer/Ice,对该区域的内部温度场和速度场进行了模拟,得到了冰盖的流速场和温度场数据,并将模拟数据与传统估测数据进行了对比,发现两者在总体趋势上吻合。研究表明,该研究区域冰盖的底部温度大部分达到了压力熔点,只有少部分靠近内陆的冰盖底部未达到;在冰盖内陆区域,水平速度场非常小,在靠近冰架区域时,水平速度场突然增大,而垂直速度场只有在冰下地形发生显著波动时,出现显著变化。在此基础上,对Elmer/Ice冰盖模式的应用前景和需改进的方面进行了探讨。 相似文献
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南极冰盖数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)对南极环境变化和地形研究具有重要作用,利用GPS实测数据和卫星测高数据建立DEM是构建南极冰盖表面DEM的重要方法。考虑到实测GPS数据的精度较高,而卫星测高的空间分辨率占优,本文探讨综合利用这两种数据构建南极Dome A区域DEM。法国国家空间研究中心和印度空间研究组织共同研制的SARAL卫星是Envisat的后续卫星,搭载的Alti Ka雷达高度计首次采用了Ka波段,可以极大减小电离层的影响,提高测距精度和卫星数据的空间分辨率。本文首先利用中国南极第29次科学考察在Dome A区域的实测GPS数据对SARAL数据进行精度评定,然后利用实测GPS数据对SARAL测高数据进行高程修正,联合GPS数据获取得到了Dome A区域300 m分辨率的DEM。结果表明SARAL的高程精度为0.615 m,而联合GPS数据能改善DEM精度,提高到0.261 m。 相似文献
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在全球变暖的背景下, 东南极冰盖显著地出现降雪增多冰厚增大的现象, 然而由于有关东南极冰盖
的观测数据相对缺乏, 因而很难对东南极冰盖大范围的冰盖动力学、热力学状态细节进行整体性评估。
Dome A 到中山站断面是横穿南极冰盖计划的核心断面之一。该断面穿越的兰伯特(Lambert)冰川上游、甘
布尔采夫(Gamburtsev)冰下山脉和Dome A 区域是南极科学研究的热点区域, 因此具有重要的研究价值。本
研究使用已多次在南极冰盖有过成功模拟应用的三维有限元冰盖模式Elmer/Ice, 对该区域的内部温度场和
速度场进行了模拟, 得到了冰盖的流速场和温度场数据, 并将模拟数据与传统估测数据进行了对比, 发现
两者在总体趋势上吻合。研究表明, 该研究区域冰盖的底部温度大部分达到了压力熔点, 只有少部分靠近内
陆的冰盖底部未达到; 在冰盖内陆区域, 水平速度场非常小, 在靠近冰架区域时, 水平速度场突然增大, 而
垂直速度场只有在冰下地形发生显著波动时, 出现显著变化。在此基础上, 对Elmer/Ice 冰盖模式的应用前
景和需改进的方面进行了探讨。 相似文献
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研究南极冰盖的物质平衡状况是研究冰盖与全球海平面变化关系的基础性工作,也对重建冰芯古气候记录有重要意义。积累率是冰盖物质平衡计算中最重要的收入项。大空间尺度上的表面物质平衡信息只能通过遥感技术来获取。但因存在多源误差,仅靠遥感手段,冰盖物质平衡的信息难以准确获取,这是南极冰川学面临的最大挑战之一。因此实测数据不可或缺。表面物质平衡的实地测量有多种方法,如花杆、超声高度计(雪深仪)、雪层物理/化学层位法(比如雪坑、冰芯/雪芯积累率恢复,探冰雷达连续测量冰内等时层结构等)。本文对南极冰盖表面物质平衡的实地测量技术做一概述,对每种方法的特点进行了比较和讨论。 相似文献
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南极冰盖内部等时层记录了不同时期冰盖表面的特征及其演变,蕴含了丰富的冰下环境信息。目前,已成为研究大空间尺度与长时间尺度上南极冰盖演化及其底部环境的重要媒介。地球物理观测和数值模拟技术的综合使用,实现了南极冰盖内部等时层在大陆尺度上的可视化。通过这些内部等时层,冰川学研究将南极冰盖内部的古冰流与千年至百万年时间尺度的地貌及冰下环境的变化细节联系起来,得到了一系列数量化的结果。针对南极冰盖,综述产生内部等时层的冰盖动力学物理机理及其在冰川学上的应用,评估在五个方面的运用:(1)深冰芯断代与选址;(2)冰盖动力学过程;(3)冰盖物质平衡;(4)冰盖稳定性;(5)冰下环境。另外,基于对内部等时层的已有认识,对未来在内部等时层研究中可能需要强化的领域进行了归纳:(1)发展更精细描述并测试内部等时层结构时空变化的数值模拟技术框架面临的挑战;(2)如何从内部等时层蕴含的信息推断鉴别以目前南极冰盖作为初始条件的冰盖质量变化;(3)为获得更高分辨率的内部等时层结构图像,得到关于冰盖内部冰体形变与演化的更多数量化信息,如何强化冰盖冰下环境的重复观测。 相似文献
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南极冰盖物质平衡最新的研究进展表明,西南极洲表现出两种变化模式,西部在增厚,而北面在更快地减薄。西南极冰盖总体可能正在减薄,其物质损失的速率可能足以使海平面每年上升近0.2mm。东南极冰盖物质不平衡可能很小,甚至其符号还不能被确定。南极半岛正在经历着快速变化。目前还不能可靠地估算南极冰盖的物质平衡状态。同时,大型冰川的停滞,一些冰川流速加快,冰盖大范围加速减薄,冰架大面积的快速崩解和支流冰川的加速,以及着地线强烈的底部融化等显示出南极冰盖存在快速变化。南极冰盖物质平衡未来的重点研究领域是开展冰盖表面高程变化的监测与模拟,确定表面物质平衡及其在各冰流盆地的分布,着地线的冰流通量,冰架底部的融化,了解冰后期冰盖退缩的动力过程,以及开发、对比和改进与冰盖物质平衡模拟和预测相关的各种模型。 相似文献
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Predicted present-day evolution patterns of ice thickness and bedrock elevation over Greenland and Antarctica 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper discusses predicted evolution patterns of present-day changes of ice thickness, surface elevation, and bedrock elevation over the Greenland and Antarctic continents. These were obtained from calculations with dynamic 3-D ice sheet models which were coupled to a visco-elastic solid Earth model. The experiments were initialized over the last two glacial cycles and subsequently averaged over the last 200 years to obtain the current evolution. The calculations indicate that the Antarctic Ice Sheet is still adjusting to the last glacial-interglacial transition yielding a decreasing ice volume and a rising bedrock elevation of the order of several centimetres per year. The Greenland Ice Sheet was found to be close to a stationary state with a mean thickness change of only a few millimetres per year, but the calculations revealed large spatial differences. Predicted patterns over Greenland are characterized by a small thickening over the ice sheet interior and a general thinning of the ablation area. In Antarctica, almost all of the predicted changes are concentrated in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which is still retreating at both the Weddell and Ross Sea margins. Over most of both ice sheets, the model indicates that the surface elevation trend is dominated by ice thickness changes rather than by bedrock elevation changes. 相似文献
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Zhang Qingsong 《地理学报(英文版)》1995,(2)
TheAnturCticisoneofthemostimpohantcoldsourcesonEarth,asabout24.5xlo'km'oficewhichtakes9opeamtoftotalicevolumeontheglobecoveronit.RotreaoradvanceOftheAntarcticIceSheetwillaffatfluCtuationofsealevel.ItiscalculatalthatiftheAntercticIceSheetlscomplotelymeltaw… 相似文献
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Reconstruction of the Ross Ice Drainage System, Antarctica, at the Last Glacial Maximum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
George H. Denton & Terence J. Hughes 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(2-3):143-166
We present here a revised reconstruction of the Ross ice drainage system of Antarctica at the last glacial maximum (LGM) based on a recent convergence of terrestrial and marine data. The Ross drainage system includes all ice flowlines that enter the marine Ross Embayment. Today, it encompasses one-fourth of the ice-sheet surface, extending far inland into both East and West Antarctica. Grounding lines now situated in the inner Ross Embayment advanced seaward at the LGM (radiocarbon chronology in Denton and Marchant 2000 and in Hall and Denton 2000a, b), resulting in a thick grounded ice sheet across the Ross continental shelf. In response to this grounding in the Ross (and Weddell) Embayment, ice-surface elevations of the marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet were somewhat higher at the LGM than at present (Steig and White 1997; Borns et al. 1998; Ackert et al. 1999). At the same time, surface elevations of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet inland of the Transantarctic Mountains were slightly lower than now, except near outlet glaciers that were dammed by grounded ice in the Ross Embayment. The probable reason for this contrasting behavior is that lowered global sea level at the LGM, from growth of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, caused widespread grounding of the marine portion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, whereas decreased LGM accumulation led to slight surface lowering of the interior terrestrial ice sheet in East Antarctica. Rising sea level after the LGM tripped grounding-line recession in the Ross Embayment, which has probably continued to the present day (Conway et al. 1999). Hence, gravitational collapse of the grounded ice sheet from the Ross Embayment, accompanied by lowering of the interior West Antarctic ice surface and of outlet glaciers in the Transantarctic Mountains, occurred largely during the Holocene. At the same time, increased Holocene accumulation caused a slight rise of the inland East Antarctic ice surface. 相似文献
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ChuanJin Li JiaWen Ren CunDe Xiao MingHu Ding AiHong Xie ZhiHeng Du XiangYu Ma DaHe Qin 《寒旱区科学》2019,11(1):50-61
Data on accumulation and concentration of chemical compounds recorded in an essentially unexplored area(Dome Argus)of the Indian Ocean sector of eastern Antarctica during the past 2,680 years(680 B.C. to 1999 A.D.) are presented. During the first 1, 700 years(680 B. C. to 1000 A. D.), the accumulation data shows a slightly decreasing trend, while chemical ions appear to be stable, representing a stable climatic condition. An intensive increasing trend of the accumulation occurred during the 12~(th) to 14~(th) century. The period from 15~(th) to 19~(th) century was characterized by a rapid reducing accumulation and concentrations of volatile compounds suffering post-depositional loss linked to sparse precipitation amount,which was temporally consistent with the Little Ice Age(LIA) episode. Comparison between observed accumulation rates with other eastern Antarctic ice cores show a consistent decreasing trend during LIA, while sea salt and dust-originated ions increased due to sea ice extent and intensified atmospheric transportation. Distribution of volcanic originated sulfate over the Antarctic continent show a significant change during the 15~(th) century, coincident with the onset of the LIA. These results are important for the assessment of Antarctic continent mass balance and associated interpretation of the Dome A deep ice core records. 相似文献
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Wisconsinan and Holocene Climate History from an Ice Core at Taylor Dome, Western Ross Embayment, Antarctica 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Eric J. Steig David L. Morse Edwin D. Waddington Minze Stuiver Pieter M. Grootes Paul A. Mayewski Mark S. Twickler & Sallie I. Whitlow 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(2-3):213-235
Geochemical data and geophysical measurements from a 554-m ice-core from Taylor Dome, East Antarctica, provide the basis for climate reconstruction in the western Ross Embayment through the entire Wisconsinan and Holocene. In comparison with ice cores from central East and West Antarctica, Taylor Dome shows greater variance of temperature, snow accumulation, and aerosol concentrations, reflecting significant variability in atmospheric circulation and air mass moisture content. Extreme aridity during the last glacial maximum at Taylor Dome reflects both colder temperatures and a shift in atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the advance of the Ross Sea ice sheet and accounts for regional alpine glacier retreats and high lake levels in the Dry Valleys. Inferred relationships between spatial accumulation gradients and ice sheet configuration indicate that advance of the Ross Sea ice sheet began in late marine isotope stage 5 or early stage 4. Precise dating of the Taylor Dome core achieved by trace-gas correlation with central Greenland ice cores shows that abrupt deglacial warming at Taylor Dome was near-synchronous with the ∼14.6 ka warming in central Greenland and lags the general warming trend in other Antarctic ice cores by at least 3000 years. Deglacial warming was following by a warm interval and transient cooling between 14.6 and 11.7 ka, synchronous with the Bølling/Allerød warming and Younger Dryas cooling events in central Greenland, and out of phase with the Antarctic Cold Reversal recorded in the Byrd (West Antarctica) ice core. Rapid climate changes during marine isotope stages 4 and 3 at Taylor Dome are similar in character to, and may be in phase with, the Northern Hemisphere stadial–interstadial (Dansgaard–Oeschger) events. Results from Taylor Dome illustrate the importance of obtaining ice cores from multiple Antarctic sites, to provide wide spatial coverage of past climate and ice dynamics. 相似文献
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A preliminary study on oxygen isotope of ice cores of Collins Ice Cap,King George Island,Antarctica 下载免费PDF全文
ApreliminarystudyonoxygenisotopeoficecoresofColinsIceCap,KingGeorgeIsland,AntarcticaYanMing(闫明)PolarResearchInstituteofChina... 相似文献