基于综合优化MGM(1,m)的大坝变形预测

大坝变形是一个复杂的动态过程,传统的单变量预测模型未能考虑各监测点之间的相关性,不足以体现出大坝整体变形规律。因此采用多变量MGM(1,m)模型预测,根据MGM(1,m)的建模原理以及误差来源,重新构建了MGM(1,m)的背景值,并在此基础上对残差修正进行综合优化。实验结果表明,基于综合优化的MGM(1,m)模型拟合预测精度最高。     

基于分位数自回归的路基沉降数据预测分析

高填方路基存在施工期稳定控制和工后沉降控制问题。解决这两个问题的关键在于及时准确地预测出高填方路基的沉降量。通过对路基沉降时间序列分析,建立了自回归AR(1)拟合预测模型。采取分位数回归法和最小二乘法进行模型参数估计和比较分析,结果表明分位数回归法在模型参数估计时有明显的优势,预测精度远高于多变量灰色MGM()模型和基于最小二乘估计的自回归AR(1)模型。工程实例分析表明,分位数自回归模型具有很好的预测和应变能力,完全可以用于路基沉降数据预测分析。     

多目标遗传算法改进的加权多点灰色模型

针对传统多点灰色预测模型MGM(1,n)白化背景值构造方法不合理性导致模型往往不符合变形体实际情况的问题,该文提出了一种基于遗传算法的加权MGM(1,n)模型。引入白化背景值最佳生成权值矩阵替换传统模型背景值构造公式中的紧邻均值生成权阵,较好地顾及变形区域内多监测点变形趋势的突变性与不规则性,弥补了线性系统MGM(1,n)模型在非线性动力学系统变形预测分析应用中的不足;建立多目标优化实数编码遗传算法,实现背景值最优构造权阵的迭代搜索。基于仿真和工程实例数据的建模结果表明:改进模型较传统MGM(1,n)模型预测精度提高,抗噪声干扰能力增强。     

变异时序回归GM(1,1)模型

鉴于在GM(1,1)预测模型中,灰参数与背景值导致的GM(1,1)模型的残差,本文提出将残差引入到时序中,对时序进行变异,利用不同的曲线回归方程对变异时序进行估计.基于对不同回归方程估计结果的误差分析,选用最佳的回归方程作为GM(1,1)变异时序预测方程;并将预测结果作为GM(1,1)模型的变量k.实例计算表明,变异时...     

基于TLS的多变量灰色模型在大坝变形预报中的应用

传统多变量灰色模型MGM(1,n)的背景值误差会使得求解的灰色参数精度降低。总体最小二乘是一种可以同时顾及到观测误差与模型系数矩阵误差的数学方法。基于此,引入TLS对传统MGM(1,n)模型的灰色参数进行修正。通过对某大坝变形数据试算,验证表明,该方法能够有效地提高变形预报精度。     

一种多因子加权平均温度模型的构建方法

针对在地基GNSS水汽反演的过程中,天顶湿延迟转换为大气可降水量时如何建立精确的大气加权平均温度(Tm)模型的问题,该文在建立Tm模型前全面考虑了对Tm有显著影响的变量并选择最优回归子集。但分析发现,最优回归子集中各变量之间存在较强的相关性,这将会导致变量之间存在多重共线性,从而影响模型的稳定性和可靠性。选择2013—2015年相关气象数据作为变量并应用岭回归的方法削弱变量之间的多重共线性,建立稳定的多因子Tm回归模型。并利用该模型分别预测2016年1—12月、2019年1—7月的Tm,均方根误差分别为2.3 K和2.0 K,预测精度较高,这将为高精度的水汽反演奠定较好的数据基础。     

运动目标的MGM(1,N)轨迹预测算法

针对武器装备实验与训练活动中无人机等运动目标位置测量数据少、概率分布未知的工程背景,提出了一种基于MGM(1,N)模型的轨迹预测方法,建立了针对运动目标3个位置坐标的MGM(1,3)模型。数值仿真结果表明,基于MGM(1,N)模型的运动目标轨迹预测方法合理可行,可以预测该周期内任一时刻的位置信息。     

半参数补偿及背景值优化MGM模型研究和应用

为了改善传统MGM模型背景值选择以及模型误差问题,提出了半参数补偿及背景值优化的MGM预测模型。选取同一变形体上3个相关性较高的监测点实测数据,分别利用传统MGM模型、背景值优化MGM模型、半参数MGM模型以及半参数补偿及背景值优化MGM模型对其进行预测。实验结果表明,本文模型预测值的均方误差为0.61,比传统MGM模型的1.12、背景值优化MGM模型的0.66和半参数MGM模型1.01,分别降低了0.51、0.05和0.40;且3个点残差标准差的均值分别比传统MGM模型、背景值优化MGM模型和半参数MGM模型小0.21、0.03和0.15。这说明本文模型的预测精度有所提高,且更加稳定。     

自回归模型在矿山变形监测中的应用

变形监测的目的是针对不同的监测数据采用合适的数据处理方式,建立适当的模型,做出正确的预报,以减小事故的发生。回归模型是研究一个随机变量(因变量)和另一个或一些变量(自变量)关系的统计方法,它通常设置一些可以测量的变量为自变量建立回归方程来预测另外一些变量的变化趋势,是一种静态数据处理方式,但是在时间序列情况下,回归应该根据该变量自身以前的规律创建预测模型,这就是自回归模型,是一种动态数据处理方法,它特别适合于短期监测预报。     

TLS优化的MGM（1,n）模型在高层建筑变形预报中的应用

观测误差影响最小二乘解算MGM(1,n)模型的灰色参数精度,基于此,现采用总体最小二乘（Total Least Square,TLS）对MGM(1)模型的灰色参数解算进行优化。通过对某高层建筑沉降变形观测数据进行试算,结果表明,TLS优化后的MGM(1)模型能够有效地提高预报精度。     

Multicollinearity and correlation among local regression coefficients in geographically weighted regression

Present methodological research on geographically weighted regression (GWR) focuses primarily on extensions of the basic GWR model, while ignoring well-established diagnostics tests commonly used in standard global regression analysis. This paper investigates multicollinearity issues surrounding the local GWR coefficients at a single location and the overall correlation between GWR coefficients associated with two different exogenous variables. Results indicate that the local regression coefficients are potentially collinear even if the underlying exogenous variables in the data generating process are uncorrelated. Based on these findings, applied GWR research should practice caution in substantively interpreting the spatial patterns of local GWR coefficients. An empirical disease-mapping example is used to motivate the GWR multicollinearity problem. Controlled experiments are performed to systematically explore coefficient dependency issues in GWR. These experiments specify global models that use eigenvectors from a spatial link matrix as exogenous variables.This study was supported by grant number 1 R1 CA95982-01, Geographic-Based Research in Cancer Control and Epidermiology, from the National Cancer Institute. The author thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their helpful comments.     

Multicollinearity in cross-sectional regressions

The paper examines robustness of results from cross-sectional regression paying attention to the impact of multicollinearity. It is well known that the reliability of estimators (least-squares or maximum-likelihood) gets worse as the linear relationships between the regressors become more acute. We resolve the discussion in a spatial context, looking closely into the behaviour shown, under several unfavourable conditions, by the most outstanding misspecification tests when collinear variables are added to the regression. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed. The conclusions point to the fact that these statistics react in different ways to the problems posed.     

Estimating tree canopy cover using harmonic regression coefficients derived from multitemporal Landsat data

The goal of this study was to evaluate whether harmonic regression coefficients derived using all available cloud-free observations in a given Landsat pixel for a three-year period can be used to estimate tree canopy cover (TCC), and whether models developed using harmonic regression coefficients as predictor variables are better than models developed using median composite predictor variables, the previous operational standard for the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). The two study areas in the conterminous USA were as follows: West (Oregon), bounded by Landsat Worldwide Reference System 2 (WRS-2) paths/rows 43/30, 44/30, and 45/30; and South (Georgia/South Carolina), bounded by WRS-2 paths/rows 16/37, 17/37, and 18/37. Plot-specific tree canopy cover (the response variable) was collected by experienced interpreters using a dot grid overlaid on 1 m spatial resolution National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) images at two different times per region, circa 2010 and circa 2014. Random forest model comparisons (using 500 independent model runs for each comparison) revealed the following (1) harmonic regression coefficients (one harmonic) are better predictors for every time/region of TCC than median composite focal means and standard deviations (across times/regions, mean increase in pseudo R² of 6.7% and mean decrease in RMSE of 1.7% TCC) and (2) harmonic regression coefficients (one harmonic, from NDVI, SWIR1, and SWIR2), when added to the full suite of median composite and terrain variables used for the NLCD 2011 product, improve the quality of TCC models for every time/region (mean increase in pseudo R² of 3.6% and mean decrease in RMSE of 1.0% TCC). The harmonic regression NDVI constant was always one of the top four most important predictors across times/regions, and is more correlated with TCC than the NDVI median composite focal mean. Eigen analysis revealed that there is little to no additional information in the full suite of predictor variables (47 bands) when compared to the harmonic regression coefficients alone (using NDVI, SWIR1, and SWIR2; 9 bands), a finding echoed by both model fit statistics and the resulting maps. We conclude that harmonic regression coefficients derived from Landsat (or, by extension, other comparable earth resource satellite data) can be used to map TCC, either alone or in combination with other TCC-related variables.     

神经网络辅助的GPS/INS组合导航自适应UKF算法

GPS/INS组合导航非线性系统最优估计算法中,基于统计信息和假设检验理论的多渐消因子自适应滤波算法的应用前提条件是残差向量为高斯白噪声。本文针对观测异常会影响残差向量的数字特性分布,提出了一种神经网络辅助的多重渐消因子自适应SVD-UKF算法。该算法采用神经网络算法削弱观测异常对残差序列高斯白噪声分布特性的影响,利用奇异值分解抑制UKF中先验协方差矩阵负定性变化,同时构造多重渐消因子对预测状态协方差阵进行调整,使得不同的滤波通道具有不同的调节能力,高效地应用于多变量复杂系统。最后利用车载实测数据进行了验证。结果表明,神经网络算法极大削弱了观测粗差对残差序列高斯白噪声分布特性的影响,拓展了多重渐消因子的应用范围,使其能在观测值含有粗差的条件下自适应调节不同滤波通道,消除滤波状态中的异常,提高组合导航解的精度和可靠性。     

无缝线性回归与预测模型

建立回归模型常采用最小二乘方法并忽略自变量观测误差。尽管同时顾及自变量和因变量观测误差的总体最小二乘方法近年来得到了广泛研究,但在模型预测时,依然忽略了待预测自变量的观测误差。对此,本文提出了一种严格考虑所有变量观测误差的无缝线性回归和预测模型,该模型将回归模型的建立和因变量预测联合处理,在建立回归模型过程中对待预测自变量的观测误差进行估计并修正,从而提高了模型预测效果。理论证明,现有的几种线性回归模型都是无缝线性回归和预测模型的特例。试验结果表明,无缝线性回归和预测模型的预测效果优于现有的几种模型,尤其在变量观测误差相关性较大时,无缝模型对预测效果的改善更为显著。