膨胀土裂隙面强度的直剪试验研究

膨胀土中原生裂隙面的存在往往导致膨胀土边坡的失稳。选取南水北调中线工程南阳段膨胀土进行裂隙面强度试验研究,研究成果表明,裂隙面中填充的灰白色粘土的含水量远高于两侧不含裂隙膨胀土的含水量,裂隙面的峰值强度不仅远远小于不含裂隙膨胀土的峰值强度,而且也小于不含裂隙膨胀土的残余强度。     

蒙脱石晶体胀缩规律及其与基质吸力关系研究

研究了饱和、非饱和膨胀土中对膨胀土工程力学特性有重要作用的胀缩性矿物──蒙脱石晶体的膨胀、收缩变化规律, 将蒙脱石晶体中晶层之间的各种作用综合归纳为收缩和膨胀两种作用势, 并通过实验研究和分析, 给出了膨胀势和收缩势随层间距变化的表述公式, 以及非饱和膨胀土基质吸力随层间距的变化规律, 为进一步研究膨胀土的胀缩机理和非饱和土的基质吸力势提供了一种新的理论基础和研究途径.     

膨胀土地区机场跑道的地基处理研究

为解决在膨胀土山区修建机场时跑道地基处理的问题,以安康地区膨胀土为研究对象,在对现行石灰改良膨胀土施工控制参数常用方法分析的基础上,进行膨胀土及石灰改良膨胀土的膨胀性能和强度的相关试验。研究结果表明:随着石灰掺量的增加,最优含水率增大,最大干密度减小,胀缩潜势呈降低趋势,石灰掺量与最大干密度呈非线性关系,在石灰掺量达到9%时有荷膨胀率变化的规律性很强;相同石灰掺量改良土的CBR与击实功、含水量等因素有关,并不随着压实系数增加而增大。掺加石灰的比例对石灰改良膨胀土的强度增长影响较大,石灰掺量9%时的CBR值明显大于其他掺量;相同压实系数下石灰掺量3%和6%改良膨胀土的压缩性比较接近,石灰掺量增加到9%时其压缩性明显降低。结合试验结果,提出用石灰改良膨胀土对跑道进行地基处理,并以膨胀性指标作为主要控制指标、强度指标作为验证指标来确定施工参数。     

非饱和土边坡稳定性分析方法研究进展

总结并分析了在非饱和土边坡稳定性评价方面的研究成果与新进展。首先总结了影响非饱和土边坡稳定性的各种因素,介绍了将基质吸力引入到各种非饱和土边坡稳定性分析方法中不同的实现思路,并讨论了这些方法的优点和不足;然后结合黄土和膨胀土两类非饱和土的特殊性质探讨了这两类土的边坡稳定性分析的研究现状和面临的问题,提出了将非饱和土力学普遍规律与黄土、膨胀土的特殊性相结合是有效解决和发展新的非饱和黄土、膨胀土边坡稳定性评价方法的主要思路和研究方向。     

南阳膨胀土在受荷的湿干循环过程中细观结构演化规律研究

为了研究浅层膨胀土的细观结构在湿干循环过程中的演化规律,研制了可以进行CT扫描的CT-固结仪。在不同压力作用下对南阳膨胀土的原状样及其重塑土样进行多组多次湿干循环试验,并对每次烘干和增湿稳定后的试样进行CT扫描,跟踪观察湿干循环过程中试样的细观结构变化。结果表明:在湿干循环中,土样的膨胀量和收缩量都比较大,经历三次湿干循环之后,相同饱和度下土样体积基本不再变化;增湿和干燥都能使原状膨胀土及其重塑土的结构损伤,第一次烘干之后,土样即产生明显裂隙;随着湿干循环次数的增加,土样裂隙继续开展,土样结构损伤发生累积;上部荷载对裂隙开展有一定抑制作用,并影响裂隙的发育和裂隙网络的形状;原状膨胀土的裂隙围绕第一次形成的主裂隙发育,而重塑膨胀土的裂隙呈龟背状或辐射状;原状膨胀土及其重塑土在湿态(饱和度S_r=85%)时的CT数M_E值均较干态(饱和度S_r=25%)时的M_E值大;湿态和干态的ME值均随湿干循环次数呈近似线性变化,前者的坡度比较平缓,后者则较陡;基于CT数据定义了膨胀土的细观结构参数,提出定量描述湿干循环过程中膨胀土细观结构参数与试样饱和度、湿干循环次数及所受荷载的数学表达式,预测结果与试验资料比较接近。      

膨胀土胀缩等级划分的新途径

膨胀土胀缩等级的划分与施工安全及工程经济核算直接相关,目前对膨胀土等级的划分还处于研究阶段,有的采用胀缩总率eps,有的采用自由膨胀率F_s、液限W_t、膨胀压力P_p等指标,划分方法不同结果也不同。本文从模糊数学角度,对分类中常用的几个因素进行综合评判,进行胀缩等级的划分     

安徽肥东形变台短水准降雨干扰特征分析

运用安徽肥东形变台短水准和降雨观测数据,分析了降雨对该台短水准日均值与月均值的干扰特征。在此基础上,根据观测场地膨胀土土体特性,探讨了降雨干扰短水准观测的问题,由于地表水下渗,致使膨胀土膨胀,对标志杆产生围压,从而影响测线高差。     

膨胀土水泥改性均匀性及长期效果试验研究

为了解南水北调中线工程南阳膨胀土试验段水泥改性土的掺拌均匀性及长期改性效果,进行了现场取样和室内试验研究。结果表明,中膨胀水泥改性土采用稳定土拌和机拌合效果相对较好;弱膨胀水泥改性土采用路拌机拌合,试样渗透系数及无侧限抗压强度变化均较大,表明现场拌合不均匀,即水泥改性土的拌合工艺对其均匀性影响很大。水泥改性土现场运行一年多之后,不仅显著降低了膨胀性,而且显著提高了膨胀土的抗剪强度,长期改性效果显著。     

新疆塔河油田2-10号油区地基土膨胀土特征与防治

通过钻探、标贯、取样、波速测试、室内岩土力学分析、化学实验,对塔河油田2-10号油区地面工程建设基础进行了工程地质勘察、地下水条件分析。结果表明,塔河油田膨胀土属于盐渍土类型,其对建筑物基础有危害性,膨胀土场地建筑物基础埋深不能小于1．5m。提出了防治措施,为塔河油田地面建设工程基础防治提供了科学依据。     

大气作用下膨胀土地基的水分迁移与胀缩变形分析

运用土体渗流和蒸发理论,建立了大气-非饱和土相互作用模型;以现场观测的气象数据作为边界条件,进行了地基土中水分迁移的数值模拟,得到了大气作用下地基土体含水量的动态分布规律。计算结果表明,地基土中含水量变化幅度随深度增加而递减,3.5 m深度以下土体的体积含水量基本不变,从而确定了南宁地区膨胀土地基的大气影响层深度为3.5 m。在此基础上,结合已有膨胀土胀缩性指标的干湿循环效应研究成果,提出了一种同时考虑干湿循环效应和1.0 m深处含水量变化的膨胀土地基胀缩变形计算方法,通过算例将该法与传统方法进行比较,结果显示该法更加符合工程实际。     

应对巨大地震的应急流动观测系统

通过“十五”数字地震观测网络项目建设,目前。我国的地震观测系统和地震观测信号传输几乎完全依赖于公共通讯网络。但是,大地震常常严重破坏公共通讯系统,应对巨大地震的流动观测系统就提到迫切的日程。2007年,通过采用无线竞带接入技术,结合中国地震局数字地震观测网络技术,初步建成了应对巨大地震的应急流动观测系统,并在汶川地震现场观测初期发挥了重要作用。     

目前我国中期地震预报的困惑与其思考

2001年昆仑山口西8.1级特大地震发生后,至2006年连续5年,地震界对中国大陆地震形势判定与地震活动实况相差甚大,这是为什么?本文揭示了我国中期地震预报的真实水平和其本质原因,系统地阐述了我国中期地震预报存在的问题,提出了提高中期地震预报水平的主要出路和途径。     

Quantitative comparison screening of seismological indexes and research on the integrated prediction method in North China

parameters integrated predictionIn current earthquake prediction, seismological method is considered the first choice. According to rough statistics, there are over 100 seismological parameters used in earthquake prediction in China. That a great number of parameters could be chosen is more convenient, but also causes a lot of troubles at the same time. It is more difficult to decide which one is better among them. In the practical key problem and the 'Eighth Five-Year Plan' key problem on short-period earthquake prediction sponsored by China Seismological Bureau, most of the parameters have been evaluated on efficiency, but it is still not easy to decide which one can be given the priority and which one should be discarded, because the adopted data, the sample numbers and the evaluation criteria were not always consistent in these researches. Therefore, the first problem which the earthquake predictors are facing is how to select the best one from so many seismological parameters. In the past, most of the parameters were used in the seismic cases, but never used in the zone where no strong earthquakes occurred, in this way it is impossible to cast away 'false abnormality'. Furthermore, as the process of seismogeny is nonlinear and complicate, the non-uniqueness and uncertainty of the development process make the seismic precursors different in time, place and earthquake, which often causes false prediction when a single parameter is used. In order to solve the problem better, this paper attempts a new method comparison screening, to select seismological single parameter and to collect a comprehensive seismological parameter on this basis. The basic procedure may be summarized as follows: on the basis of reasonable normalization of various parameters, quantitative comparison screening of some basic seismological parameters by using the two sorts of samples from 'large-magnitude seismic zone' and 'no large-magnitude seismic zone' in North China is conducted, to obtain 'seismic abnormality' and 'aseismic normality' indexes, and then to synthesize these indexes with weighting method according to the strength of the earthquake information to obtain a integrated prediction index which is universal to predict the earthquakes in North China, and meanwhile develop a new seismological prediction method which is abbreviated as SQIP (seismological quantitative integrated prediction method).     

大丰地震台井下摆震级偏差及台站校正值

对大丰地震台井下摆1983-1992年的观测资料统计分析,发现井下摆测定的震级普遍低于江苏省地震局台网的平均震级,且和震中距有一定的关系。通过对震级偏差的计算得出大丰台的台站校正值。同时,对偏差的原因进行了探讨。     

荷兰地震监测与研究

简要介绍了荷兰皇家气象研究所(KNMI)地震部所进行的地震领域的基础和应用性研究,其中包括次声研究、诱发地震研究、采矿法以及地震部所主持的欧洲地震数据交换和协调中心的工作。     

Neoformation of montmorillonite by post-depositional subsurface weathering in a slope deposit in central France

Observations on an Early Quaternary slope deposit in the Massif Central indicated that the texture and mineralogy of this deposit have been seriously altered by post-depositional subsurface weathering. Analyses of clay fractions and water samples show that the montmorillonite present is a stable mineral in this environment and is, and has been, newly formed. As shown by water analyses from nearby sites, the chemical environment is strongly dependent on local factors. Consequently it can be seen that great care should be taken firstly in correlating different slope deposits on the basis of texture and clay mineralogy and secondly in using these parameters as (paleo) climatic indicators.     

地震烈度衰减关系统计方法的探讨

在地震学和地震工程学的研究中，地震烈度衰减关系的研究和应用日益受到重视。本文从在等烈度外包线上如何取烈度值，烈度衰减曲线的头尾处理，Ｒ０值的选取，衰减公式的偏差这四个方面对目前广泛使用的地震烈度衰减关系的统计方法作了分析和探讨，指出了这些方法中存在的不足，并提出了改进的建议。     

Construction and development of China digital seismological observation network

The seismological observation system in China has experienced rapid development over the Tenth Five-year Plan period. China Earthquake Administration (CEA) has completed the establishment of China digital seismological observation network. CEA has accomplished analog-to-digital conversion of the existing seismological observation systems and set up a number of new digital seismic stations. This indicates full digitization of seismological ob-servation in China. This paper presents an overview of the scale,layout principle and major functions of the up-dated national digital seismograph network,regional digital seismograph network,and digital seismograph net-work for volcano monitoring and mobile digital seismograph networks in China.     

Analysis of the Impact of Source Region Structures on Seismological Parameter Scanning

By taking moderate-strong earthquakes in South,North and West China as the research subjects and taking into consideration the fault strikes in these regions,this paper selects 8 kinds of seismology indexes with clear physical significance and strong independence to carry out spatial scanning of the parallel,vertical and oblique slip of fault along the fault strike.Based on the size of correlation coefficients between the scanning curve and source region curve we quantitatively analyze the difference between scan results among different slip modes and study the impact of fault strike in different tectonic divisions on scanning results and variation rules of seismological parameters.The results show that not only does the change of spatial parameters have a great influence on seismological parameter scanning,but so does the fault strike in the source region.This paper presents the optimum condition parameters with least spatial influencing scanning scope for different magnitude seismology indexes and analyzes the possible influence of fault strike on seismological parameter scanning results.     

基于GIS的测震编目工作系统

在用ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ,ＴｕｒｂｏＢａｓｉｃ等软件开发的测震编目系统的基础上,把ＧＩＳ技术中处理空间信息的一些独特优点应用到测震编目系统中,建立了以ＧＩＳ工具软件Ｍａｐｉｎｆｏ为开发平台的图形绘制查询分析配套系统。实现了与测震编目系统的数据对接。使对接后的系统在可视化查询、分析计算、图形制作、Ｂｕｆｅｒ分析、显示输出等方面有了很大的改进。整个系统具有良好的用户界面,有较强的数据兼容性和模块扩充性。