土动剪切模量和阻尼比的推荐值和规范值的合理性比较

参照目前国内外试验测得的土的动剪切模量和阻尼比,以及多种土层工况和实际地震动输入下土层地震反应分析计算结果,对袁晓铭等给出的推荐值和《工程场地地震安全性评价工作规范》中给出的数值的合理性进行了对比研究。结果表明,与规范值相比,推荐值与国内外结果更相接近,特别是与国内结果相差不大,且避免了土层地震反应中地表反应谱“矮、粗、胖”现象,较符合客观实际情况,可供无试验资料情形和今后修订规范时参考。     

北京地区粉质粘土土动力学参数的统计分析

土动力学参数即土的动剪切模量比和阻尼比,对土层地震反应分析结果有重要影响。本文首先选取了北京地区2001年以来,地震安全性评价报告中20份具有完整土动力学参数的实验数据,统计分析了粉质粘土的实测土动力学参数,给出了粉质粘土在不同深度下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比平均值;然后,选取了2个典型工程场地,构建土层分析模型,进行土层地震反应分析计算,并对比分析了本文得到的统计值与典型工程场地的实测值、袁晓铭的推荐值和DB001—94规范的推荐值对土层地震反应分析计算结果的影响。分析结果表明,本文得到的统计值在北京地区具有一定的代表性和适用性,对于获得原状土样困难的场地,特别是对于较薄的夹层土,本文的统计结果在实际的地震安全性评价工作中可供参考使用。     

昆明盆地土体动力参数对土层地震反应影响研究

土动力参数是土层地震反应分析的重要参数之一,且具有较强的区域性特点。本文统计分析昆明盆地区域内101个场地的94组粉土和167组黏土的动三轴试验数据,并通过土层地震反应分析计算,与袁晓铭的推荐值和《工程场地地震安全性评价工作规范》(DB001-94)中给出的规范值做对比。结果表明:三种不同的土动力参数存在较大差异,对土层地震反应分析结果亦有较大的影响,随着超越概率的降低,对峰值加速度、反应谱和特征周期的影响更加明显;统计的土动力参数与实际值对应的土层地震反应分析结果较接近,因此统计的粉土和黏土土动力参数在昆明盆地具有一定的代表性和适用性,在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级工程场地地震安全性评价工作中具有一定的借鉴和参考作用。     

昆明盆地粉质粘土土动力参数研究

土动力参数是土层地震反应分析中重要的参数之一,且具有较强的区域性特点。本文收集了昆明盆地区域内68个场地的137组粉质粘土的动三轴试验数据,进行了统计分析,并通过土层地震反应分析计算,与袁晓铭的推荐值和《工程场地地震安全性评价工作规范(DB001-94)》中给出的规范值做了对比,结果表明:采用本文统计的土动力参数,所得的地震动参数具有一定的代表性和适用性。在昆明盆地区域,本文的统计值在Ⅱ、Ⅲ类工程场地地震安全性评价工作中具有一定的借鉴和参考作用。     

成都平原粘性土动力学参数统计分析

成都平原地震构造环境主要受近场中强地震和外围大地震的影响。成都平原内的第四系分布广泛,主要为河流相的砂卵石层夹粘土、粉土层。这种地层在土层地震反应计算时往往会产生一个峰值,具有显著的放大作用。本文共收集了107组土动力学参数的实验资料,统计分析了粉质粘土和粘土两种粘性土的实测土动力学参数,给出了它们在不同深度的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值。然后,选取1个典型钻孔,建立了土层地震反应分析模型,分别运用本文"统计值"、"十五结果"、"规范值"、"推荐值"进行地震土层反应计算,从反应谱形状、地表峰值加速度和反应谱特征周期等方面,验证了本文"统计值"的适用性和针对性,结果表明在盆地内使用"规范值"和"推荐值"时应谨慎,不然可能会对工程的抗震设防产生不利的影响。本文的"统计值"比"规范值"和"推荐值"更适用于成都平原地区,对各类工程建设的场地地震安全性评价具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

四川盆地场地土动力学参数统计研究

四川盆地地震构造环境相对稳定,主要遭受近场中强地震和外围大地震的影响。盆地内第四系主要为河流相的砂卵石层夹粘土、粉土层,分布于成都平原及盆地内外河流两岸。这种地层在土层地震反应计算时往往产生一个峰值,具有显著的放大作用。本文收集共计123组土动力学参数的实验资料,统计分析了淤泥质土、粉质粘土、粘土、粉土、细砂和全风化泥岩等6种土类实测土动力学参数,给出了它们在不同深度下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值。并且将统计值和"94"规范值与袁晓铭推荐值[9]进行了对比分析,结果表明在盆地内使用规范值和推荐值会对工程的抗震设防产生不利影响。该研究成果对盆地内各类工程建设的工程场地地震安全性评价工作具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

陕北榆林地区 砂土动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计研究

陕北榆林地区位于鄂尔多斯地块内部,其沉积地层主要为细砂。基于该地区大量的工程场地地震安全性评价报告,本文共收集了83组砂样动三轴试验数据,并分类统计分析了松散~稍密、中密和密实三种密实程度的砂土在8个典型剪应变下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比统计值。选取一个典型钻孔,建立土层地震反应模型,分别以本文"统计值"、"规范值"和"推荐值"作为模型参数进行土层地震反应计算,并对反应得到的地面峰值加速度与反应谱进行了对比分析。     

天津滨海场地土动力学参数研究

天津滨海地区是典型的软土区,属晚第四系以来的浅海相沉积软土。本文收集了该地区地震安全性评价报告中的土动力学参数的实验资料,并补充了15个钻孔的测试实验,统计分析了淤泥质粘土、淤泥质粉质粘土、粉土、粉质粘土、粘土、粉砂、细砂等7种土类的实测土动力学参数,给出了它们在不同深度下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值。然后,选取了2个典型钻孔并建立了土层地震反应分析模型,分别运用本文统计值、94规范值和袁晓铭等(2000)的推荐值进行土层地震反应计算,从反应谱形状、地表峰值加速度和反应谱特征周期等方面说明了本文统计值的适用性和针对性。本文的研究成果对天津滨海地区各类工程建设的场地地震安全性评价工作具有一定的借鉴和参考价值,且有利于该地区工程场地地震安全性评价工作的开展。     

武汉地区典型土类动力非线性参数的统计分析

利用武汉地区地震安全性评价报告中共振柱实验获得的1 403组土动力非线性参数数据,统计出武汉地区7种不同土性不同埋深的土类在8个典型应变下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的平均值。根据2个工程场地在实验值、统计平均值、规范值输入下的土层地震反应分析结果,对比分析了3种土动力参数值对场地地震动参数的影响,对所给出的平均值的合理性进行分析。结果表明,与规范值相比,统计平均值与实验值的土层地震反应分析结果基本一致,计算结果真实合理,可供武汉地区场地土动力学参数实验数据缺乏时参考使用。     

航空工业组团阎良片区土动力学参数统计分析

基于航空工业组团阎良片区地震小区划项目中大量动三轴试验结果,通过双曲线拟合方法,得到主要土类（黄土状土、粉质粘土、粉土、细砂）在8个典型剪应变（0.000005、0.00001、0.00005、0.0001、0.0005、0.001、0.005、0.01）下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比统计值,并将得到的统计值与廖振鹏给出的建议值、陈党民等给出的典型值和袁晓铭等给出的推荐值进行比较,进一步论证土动力学参数的地域性特征。文中还探讨了土样埋深和取样手段（试样等级）对动剪切模量比和阻尼比的影响。文中给出的统计值可为该片区地震小区划中的土层地震反应模型提供参数,同时也为研究该片区场地土动力特性及重大工程地震安全性评价工作提供参考和借鉴。     

Site correction of ground motion in Fujian area

On the basis of the interpretation of the high-resolution satellite remote sensing images, in combination with the data of engineering geological exploration and shear-wave velocity testing, the site category-zoning map of FJ area with the scale of 1:200,000 is generated according to the site classification standard of “Code for Seismic design of Buildings” of China (GB50011 2010). By the method of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis, we obtain bedrock seismic ground motion parameters of five recurrent periods (50, 200, 500, 1000, and 2500 a) of FJ area. By using the 617 typical soil layer structures of the site classifications in FJ area, we build seismic response models of soil layers and make seismic response analysis, then obtain the statistic sample space of site amplification factors, which possess reasonable distribution and sufficient data. Considering the distribution characteristics of The Quaternary Strata in FJ area, according to the statistic zoning (mountains and coastal areas respectively) and site classifications as well as the level of bedrock importing ground motion, the site magnification-factors of ground motion in FJ area are obtained by classification statistics.     

土层结构对反应谱平台值的影响

本文利用目前工程上广泛应用的场地地震反应的一维等效线性化波动方法,计算了不同场地模型在三种不同强度的地震动输入下的地表加速度反应谱。为了研究不同的土层结构对反应谱平台值的影响,本文将计算得到的地表加速度反应谱拟合成建筑抗震设计规范规定的设计反应谱的形式,分析对比了不同的覆盖层厚度、软弱土层对反应谱平台值的影响,得到了一些有价值的研究成果。     

多年冻土区桥梁的地震反应

首先研究了冻土区桥梁的抗震计算方法,对波动法和惯性力法的计算结果进行厂对比分析。对比结果表明惯性力法的计算结果偏大,但当基岩的剪切波速很大时,两种方法的结果接近。然后,采用波动法对季节性冻土区和多年冻土区桥梁结构进行了地震反应分析,研究了冻土层的变化对桥梁结构地震反应的影响,得到了不同冻土厚度、不同墩高时桥墩地震内力分布的规律。计算结果表明,冻土层的存在对桥梁的地震反应具有显著影响,桥墩的地震反应在冬夏两季具有显著区别。     

Statistical Analysis of the Dynamic Parameters of Silty Clay in the Beijing Area

Soil dynamic parameters, including dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio, have important effects on the results of layered soil earthquake response. In this paper, the mean parameter values of silty clay in different depths are obtained after statistical analysis of the experimental soil dynamic data from 20 recent site seismic safety evaluation reports in the Beijing area. Furthermore, based on two typical engineering sites, the influence of four different soil dynamic parameters, the statistic mean values, experimental values, values recommended by Yuan Xiaoming, and the values recommended in the code for seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites ( DB001 -94) are analyzed. The result shows that mean statistical values are applicable to seismic safety evaluation work in the Beijing area, especially for some inter-layered silty clays whose undisturbed soil samples are hard to obtain.     

Seismic response reduction analysis of large chassis base-isolated structure under long-period ground motions

Long-period structures(e.g. Isolated structures) tend to produce pseudo-resonance with low frequency components of long-period ground motions, resulting in the increase in damage. Stiffness mutation occurs due to the setback in the upper body of the large chassis structure. In the parts with stiffness mutation, the torsion effect caused by the tower is far greater than that of the chassis itself. In this study, a total of 273 ground motions are collected and then filtered into four types, including the near-field ordinary, near-field pulse, far-field ordinary, and farfield harmonic. An 8-degree(0.2 g) fortified large chassis base-isolated structure is established. Furthermore,ETABS program software is used to conduct nonlinear time history analysis on the isolation and seismic model under bi-directional earthquake ground motions. The comparison results show that the seismic isolation effect of the base-isolated structure under long-period ground motions is worse than that associated with ordinary ground motions when the seismic response reduction rate of the large base floor significantly decreases compared with that of the tower. When the inter-story displacement angle and the displacement of isolation layer of the chassis exceeds the limit of Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2010), it is recommended to adopt composite seismic isolation technology or add limit devices. Under the condition of long-period ground motions, the baseisolated structure reduces the lateral-torsional coupling effect of the large chassis structure, while the torsion response of large chassis' top layer increases. Under long-period ground motions with the same acceleration peak,the response of the base-isolated structure increases much more than that of the seismic structure and the consideration of this impact is suggested to be added to the Code.     

Damage‐based seismic planar pounding analysis of adjacent symmetric buildings considering inelastic structure–soil–structure interaction

In cities and urban areas, building structures located at close proximities inevitably interact under dynamic loading by direct pounding and indirectly through the underlying soil. Majority of the previous adjacent building pounding studies that have taken the structure–soil–structure interaction (SSSI) problem into account have used simple lumped mass–spring–dashpot models under plane strain conditions. In this research, the problem of SSSI‐included pounding problem of two adjacent symmetric in plan buildings resting on a soft soil profile excited by uniaxial earthquake loadings is investigated. To this end, a series of SSSI models considering one‐directional nonlinear impact elements between adjacent co‐planar stories and using a method for direct finite element modeling of 3D inelastic underlying soil volume has been developed to accurately study the problem. An advanced inelastic structural behavior parameter, the seismic damage index, has been considered in this study as the key nonlinear structural response of adjacent buildings. Based on the results of SSSI and fixed base case analyses presented herein, two main problems are investigated, namely, the minimum building separation distance for pounding prevention and seismic pounding effects on structural damage in adjacent buildings. The final results show that at least three times, the International Building Code 2009 minimum distance for building separation recommended value is required as a clear distance for adjacent symmetric buildings to prevent the occurrence of seismic pounding. At the International Building Code‐recommended distance, adjacent buildings experienced severe seismic pounding and therefore significant variations in storey shear forces and damage indices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于建筑抗震设计规范的设计用地震动分析

首先利用我国《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011-2001)中的地震影响系数曲线,制成适合于我国抗震设计规范的人工地震波形,然后使用该人工波和日本现行设计用地震动,对隔震结构进行地震响应分析,最后由地震响应结果对所提出的模拟设计用地震动大小进行评价,得到一些有意义结论,供抗震设计人员在设计时参考。