全站仪垂距测量代替二、三、四等水准测量的研究

全站仪垂距测量进行高程测量,是基于三角高程测量和水准测量原理,在测点中间安置全站仪,不量仪器高和棱镜高,通过观测垂距以进行高差测量.经过理论分析和实验验证,精度可以达到二等水准,在丘陵低山地区,可以代替二、三、四等级水准测量.     

全站仪快速高程测量方法探讨

以某基坑场地标高实测数据为例,详细的介绍了全站仪进行高程测设的快速方法及其原理。该方法免测全站仪仪器及反射棱镜高度即可进行较高精度的高程测量。对今后基坑工程中同类项目测量工作的开展,具有现实的借鉴意义。     

浅议徕卡全站仪存储高差和手工计算高差计算结果

在用全站仪进行三角高程测量时的数据处理中,当排除了球气差的影响后,全站仪本身自带程序自动算出的点与点间高差与根据全站仪读出的其它数据运用公式计算出的高差之间始终存在差异。     

隧洞控制测量中免棱镜全站仪测量方向与结构面夹角的限差分析

准确获取隧洞岩体结构面的几何信息对于隧洞的稳定性评价至关重要。研究区位于长春市净月潭吉林大学岩体力学隧洞实习基地。应用免棱镜全站仪进行岩体隧洞的控制测量,按照测量工作中"先控制后碎部"的基本原则,进行全站仪棱镜模式下的导线测量及在各导线点上极坐标法免棱镜模式的岩体结构面控制点测量;通过对同测站及异测站相同结构面控制点坐标数据的对比分析,探讨免棱镜全站仪测量方向与岩体结构面夹角的限差。研究表明:在隧洞控制测量中,免棱镜全站仪测量方向与结构面间夹角大于30°是准确获取岩体目标控制点坐标的必要条件之一。     

全站仪免棱镜测量技术在滑坡变形监测中的应用

三峡库区地形复杂,滑坡众多,地质灾害频发。若能把全站仪免棱镜测量技术应用于库区地质灾害监测,将会大大降低使用全站仪开展监测的工作量,提高工作效率。文章简要介绍了全站仪免棱镜测量的基本原理和应用现状。在总结前人经验基础上,针对免棱镜测距基线短,误差较大的局限性,结合三峡库区地质灾害监测的具体要求,对测量方法进行了改进,提出了反射膜测量法。本文介绍了有关的实验,以及在三峡工程万州库区实际监测工作中持续半年的应用情况与获得的成果。最后,对反射膜测量法与常规有棱镜测量进行的对比观测做了初步分析。     

联系测量中的测距新方法

使用全站仪进行联系测量时,由于不便在井口架设棱镜测距,可以通过将棱镜放置在投点钢丝的后面,进行距离测量,在保证棱镜紧贴垂直对中测点的竖线,而又不碰动竖线,并使其对准仪器的情况下,棱镜前边缘与棱镜中心的距离是一常数,据此即可测得全站仪与钢丝中点的真实距离。     

全站仪中间法三角高程测量精度分析

通过对全站仪中间法三角高程测量原理进行分析,推导了中间法三角高程的误差传播公式,研究了测距误差、测角误差和大气折光系数误差对高差的精度影响。采用中间法三角高程测量方法在一个较小范围内进行了三角高程测量,779 m的水准路线测量闭合差为0.5 mm,并和精密二等水准成果进行了对比分析,试验结果验证了该方法可以替代高精度水准测量的可行性。     

全站仪三角高程测量在道路施工测量中的应用

全站仪三角高程测量可以不受地形限制,在山区、高架桥、深基础施工高程放样中全站仪三角高程测量具有水准测量无法比拟的优越性。可以用于路、桥、涵、墩、台、深基础的施工高程测量,提高了精度、效率。对各种施工条件下的三角高程测量方法:高程放样测量、后方交会三角高程测量、悬高测量等进行了介绍和探讨,实践表明,全站仪三角高程测量完全可以取代三、四等水准测量,并有取代二等水准仪的趋势。     

基于误差理论的产状测量精度评定

以边坡为研究对象,针对基于罗盘、免棱镜全站仪、激光测距仪、三维激光扫描仪和数字摄影测量工作站的5种产状测量方法,采用误差理论进行产状测量精度评定。研究表明,罗盘产状测量的倾向、倾角中误差分别为±4°和±3°,其精度评定既可以提高对罗盘产状测量精度的认识,也可为其他4种非接触类产状测量方法的精度评定提供验算数据。利用罗盘只能进行高陡边坡下部结构面的产状测量,测量范围有限且高耗低效;非接触类产状测量方法则可以解决人员难以到达的高陡边坡上部结构面的产状测量问题。其中,三维激光扫描和数字近景摄影测量方法可以获取边坡岩体大量随机结构面上的产状信息,为基于随机动力学的边坡稳定性评价提供重要的基础数据。     

基于三维激光扫描仪和全站仪技术的外立面测量方法

建筑物外立面测量工作的传统作业模式采用全站仪测量,作业效率低.随着科技的发展,地面三维激光扫描技术在建筑物外立面测量工作中广泛地应用,但是由于作业环境的限制,扫描仪作业难免会有作业死角.针对这一问题,提出了利用全站仪免棱镜测量技术定点补测的方法,形成了一套地面三维激光扫描仪结合全站仪快速高效地完成建筑物外立面绘制的作业...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with