河流-三角洲相不同厚度储层的地震沉积学研究

C油田钻后揭示砂体横向变化快,需利用地震沉积学刻画储层平面展布,进一步落实储层.通过地震沉积学技术,识别了曲流河、辫状河、三角洲前缘及平原三类沉积体,理清了花上段垂向沉积演化规律.垂向上由三角洲平原演变为三角洲前缘、辫状河,最后演变为曲流河.研究区发育薄层、厚层及互层三类储层,不同类型的储层需采用不同策略去刻画.对于薄层,要小时窗提取属性,同时多属性融合刻画;对于厚层,要大时窗提取属性刻画;对于互层,要抓重点层合并刻画,反演地震和常规地震相结合分析.在落实储层的基础上,对C油田进行潜力搜索.H4层在C-A1井西侧储层上倾尖灭,具备发育岩性圈闭的条件,是下一步挖潜的主要方向.     

物探方法在临清坳陷某区块山西组沉积相分析中的应用

临清坳陷某区块缺少岩心、薄片、录井及常规测井资料。为了研究其目的层山西组沉积相对储层的控制作用,指导非常规天然气的高效开发。通过利用较少的录井岩性统计资料,结合地震物探方法,分析地震剖面特征、优选地震均方根振幅及相对波阻抗属性,确定该区目的层沉积相。通过上述地震属性研究的物探方法,确定山西组储层为河控浅水三角洲相和碳酸盐台地相,主要发育分流河道、分流间湾及局限台地沉积微相。其中三角洲相是主要的沉积相类型,分流河道是有效储层发育的主要微相类型。      

浊积岩分序级描述技术及其在东营凹陷油气勘探中的应用

浊积岩分序级描述技术是在前人研究与勘探实践基础上,以层序地层学理论为指导,结合较为前沿的地震沉积学理论,分析层序内部结构,明确了浊积岩发育序级的划分原则、对比和划分方法;以地震资料为基础,充分发挥了井震结合的优势,形成了浊积岩的地震识别模式的建立方法.本次研究建立了东营凹陷沙三段和沙四上不同类型浊积岩的地震响应模式,形成了浊积岩分序级描述技术;该技术可以用来预测新的浊积岩发育区.东营凹陷油气勘探实践证明,在浊积岩分序级描述的基础上进行勘探优化部署,可以有效的提高浊积岩油藏的勘探成功率.     

中国深层优质碎屑岩储层特征与形成机理分析

系统研究中国不同地区不同盆地类型不同时代深层优质碎屑岩储层表明:中国深层优质碎屑岩储层分布于3000~6000m深度,时代跨越古生代、中生代到新生代,形成于三角洲(包括辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲和正常三角洲)以及河流、滨浅湖、深-半深湖重力流水道和浊积扇以及部分滨岸环境,古生界滨岸环境形成的储层岩石类型主要为石英砂岩,中新生界三角洲、河流、滨浅湖及重力流环境形成的储层岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩.孔隙度大多超过10%,渗透率一般大于10×10?3μm2.深层优质碎屑岩储层的形成主要与深部的溶蚀作用、埋藏方式、异常高压、早期烃类注入、热循环对流、膏盐效应、砂泥岩互层状况等因素有关.其中深部溶蚀作用、早期长期浅埋晚期短期快速深埋、异常高压以及烃类的早期充注是形成中国深层优质碎屑岩储层的主要因素.深层优质碎屑岩储层的形成受其所处盆地的大地构造背景和古地温、沉积条件、溶蚀作用、埋藏方式、异常高压、早期烃类注入等多种因素控制.其中大地构造背景和古地温从宏观上控制了储层的演化,沉积条件是形成优质储层的前提和基础,溶蚀作用是形成优质储层的直接原因,埋藏方式、异常高压、早期烃类注入、砂泥岩互层状况等是形成优质储层的次要因...     

博兴洼陷西部沙三段有利储集砂体分布探讨

博兴洼陷油气勘探已进入隐蔽油气藏为主的勘探阶段,储集砂体的分布,尤其是能够形成地层岩性油藏的有利储集砂体的分布,是油气勘探的关键.研究区主要发育有浊积扇、辫状三角洲前缘和近岸水下扇三种类型的储集砂体,其中浊积扇扇体是岩性圈闭勘探的最有利砂体.通过已发现油气藏的地层位置分析,发现MSC8、MSC7、MSC6、MSC5、MSC2旋回的上升半旋回是有利储集砂体发育的主要层段,浊积扇砂体发育,且具有有利的油气成藏条件.平面上,MSC8旋回的有利储集砂体主要发育在高青断层东南侧的狭长区域内,MSC5、MSC6、MSC7旋回的有利储集砂体发育在坡折带之下的洼陷区.综合上述分析,预测了坡折带下部洼陷区、高青断裂下降盘和高24-高27井间区域3个岩性和构造-岩性圈闭勘探有利区.     

准噶尔盆地腹部隐蔽油气藏物理模拟及地震响应特征

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系以隐蔽油气藏为主,地震资料在目的层分辨率较低、地震反射特征不清晰,制约了对该区的低幅构造、岩性圈闭的识别和评价.本文根据侏罗系的沉积特点,建立河流、（扇）三角洲沉积体系地质模型,制作尖灭体、透镜体、河道砂、浊积体等地质体的三维物理模型,通过实验测试方法,研究地层条件下岩石物理性质的变化特征,系统研究储层地球物理参数变化的总体规律,并结合测井资料,采用波场物理模拟方法,研究波场响应特征与储层参数变化之间的规律,分析各种情况下的波场特征、属性特征.     

基山砂体沉积成因探讨

惠民凹陷是济扬坳陷主要生油凹陷之一,是典型的陆相断陷盆地。基山砂体是惠民凹陷在断陷期发育的一套物源来自于西北部宁津凸起的三角洲一浊积扇沉积体系;分布范围广,横跨滋镇洼陷、中央隆起带和临南洼陷田家一带;主体沿着宿安沟呈西北向东南方向展布,在临商地区发育类型丰富的油气藏,具有巨大的勘探潜力。近年来基山砂体油藏勘探取得较大成功,但砂体的物源、沉积相一直是争论的焦点,本文主要针对这2点进行了探讨,并将研究结论应用于勘探实践中,取得了显著的效果。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组深湖沉积与油气聚集意义

鄂尔多斯延长组湖盆为一大型的敞流湖盆.其充填演化与构造发育史、古气候演化史具有明显的一致性,可以划分为4个演化阶段,即湖盆形成及扩张期、鼎盛期、回返期、萎缩消亡期.在此过程中,湖盆经过四次明显湖进与湖退变化,但深湖中心变化不大,一直沿华池—宜君一带波动.在整个晚三叠世盆地盛衰演化过程中,深湖沉积体系主要为深水型三角洲及浊积扇体系,前者在深湖扩展早期的三角洲快速推进时期的陡岸斜坡区比较发育,并随着三角洲的推进逐渐从深水型向浅水台地型转变.后者在各个时期都有出现,按其沉积特征可分为两种浊积扇:坡移浊积扇相带发育相对齐全,垂向上多期互相叠加,可划分为:斜坡-槽道-内扇亚相、浊积水道、浊积水道间、浊积水道前缘-中扇亚相、外扇亚相和盆地平原亚相.滑塌浊积扇多呈透镜状夹于深湖亚相的深灰色泥岩中,相带分异不明显,仅可分为中心相和边缘相.两类浊积扇主要分布在盆地的近源斜坡带及远源末梢斜坡带.深湖沉积控制了烃原岩及有利生储盖组合分配.坡移浊积扇沉积厚度大,分布广,储集物性好,是深湖区岩性油藏勘探的主要目标.     

胜利滩海地区新近系河流相储层描述技术发展与趋势

新近系河流相砂岩是胜利滩海地区主要的储层,储层描述是实现高效勘探开发的有效途径.本文根据滩海地区岩性油藏勘探的历程,分不同阶段表述储层描述技术特点.探索阶段,应用三维地震水平切片技术发现了"人"字形河道砂体,钻探后首次发现了河流相岩性油藏.发展阶段,组合相干数据体切片、三维立体显示和分频扫描等形成了单砂体储层描述技术,使岩性油藏勘探快速发展,但也出现了砂体漏判、误判问题.完善阶段,应用河流沉积微相有序分布特征,提取地震属性参数由沉积微相控制描述储层,提高了精度.油气检测阶段,研究储层含不同流体的地震响应特征,应用叠前、叠后地震属性预测含油气性也取得了较好的效果,但对于薄互层,预测精度不高.对此,进一步提出了针对薄互层的叠前储层描述和油气检测的发展趋势.     

西非深水区弱固结浊积砂岩岩石物理模型研究及其应用

深水浊积砂岩油气藏是当今世界油气勘探开发的热点目标,西非安哥拉深水区油气资源丰富、潜力巨大.该区第三系深水浊积砂岩埋深浅、成岩作用弱,致使地震反射纵波速度及其阻抗对有利砂岩储层和围岩的区分效果不明显;基础数据的制约如部分井声波或密度资料缺乏或存在质量问题等,给利用井震信息开展地震反演预测带来严重影响.本文旨在研究一套适合该地区储层预测的弱固结浊积砂岩岩石物理技术.为此,通过实际资料的反复论证,提出了拟合推理法确定矿物骨架弹性参数,并对等球颗粒模型进行了改进,创建了适合该地区弱固结浊积岩岩石物理模板,实现了测井曲线的合理校正和横波预测.以此为基础,进一步开展了叠前地震反演和储层的分布预测.结果表明,浊积砂储层预测精度达85%.因此,该岩石物理技术在西非深水区弱固结浊积砂岩的应用是可行的.     

地层倾角测井在雁木西油田白垩系沉积微相研究中的应用

针对雁木西油田白垩系低阻油层受沉积相带及其断裂、构造和岩性等多种因素控制影响,测井信息应用难度增大的特点,采用地层倾角测井资料确定古水流方向、砂体延伸、层理构造和微相特征.利用倾角方位频率矢量统计,确定出白垩系K1s3、K1s2、K1s1目的层段古水流及其相应河道砂体延伸方向为北北东20°.利用层理构造倾角模式分析,确定出白垩系K1s3、K1s2、K1s1期分别发育楔状交错层理、波状斜层理、波状交错层理和水平层理,结合岩心、井径、自然伽马和微侧向电阻率曲线特征,分别阐明白垩系K1s3、K1s2到K1s1期水动力能量由较高到较低变化,形成了扇三角洲前缘扇中的水下辫状河道到扇端的浅水河道有利微相砂体发育带,它们由南南西向北北东方向展布,控制着研究区最为有利的油气储集砂体分布.     

The deep-lake deposit in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China and its significance for oil-gas accumulation

The deep-lake facies of the Yanchang Formation represents a large outflowing lake basin in the Ordos area. Its deposition can be divided into four stages: lake genetic and expanding stage, peak stage, inversion stage and dying stage. All the stages are obviously consistent with the evolution of depositional environment and the paleoclimate in the region. The study indicates that the lake basin has evolution fluctuations from highstand to lowstand for four times in its evolution history, and the deposition center of the lake has not obviously moved, staying along the Huachi-Yijun belt. The deep lake sedimentary system mainly consists of deep water deltas and turbidite fans during the entire evolution course of the lake basin in the Late Triassic. The former mainly developed on the slope of steep shore of the delta in the early period of the deep-water expansion and gradually experienced a big shift from deep-water deltas to shallow-water platform delta. And the latter appeared almost in all the above stages and had two types of turbidite fans, slope-moving turbidite fans and slump turbidite fans. The slope-moving turbidite fans have relatively complete facies belts overlapping one another vertically and consist of the slope channel of inter fans, the turbidite channel, inter turbidite channel and turbidite channel front of middle fans and outer fans (or lakebottom plain). However, the slide-moving turbidity fans are formed in the deep lake with their microfacies difficult to be distinguished, and only the center microfacies and edge microfacies can be determined. The two types of the turbidity fans are similarly distributing in the near-root-slope and far-root-slope regions. The deep-lake deposition governs the distribution of the hydrocarbon and reservoir, while the slope-moving turbidite fans are excellent reservoirs for oil-gas exploration due to their great thickness, widespread distribution and accumulation properties.

     

The deep-lake deposit in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China and its significance for oil-gas accumulation

The deep-lake facies of the Yanchang Formation represents a large outflowing lake basin in the Ordos area. Its deposition can be divided into four stages: lake genetic and expanding stage, peak stage, inversion stage and dying stage. All the stages are obviously consistent with the evolution of depositional environment and the paleoclimate in the region. The study indicates that the lake basin has evolution fluctuations from highstand to lowstand for four times in its evolution history, and the deposition center of the lake has not obviously moved, staying along the Huachi-Yijun belt. The deep lake sedimentary system mainly consists of deep water deltas and turbidite fans during the entire evolution course of the lake basin in the Late Triassic. The former mainly developed on the slope of steep shore of the delta in the early period of the deep-water expansion and gradually experienced a big shift from deep-water deltas to shallow-water platform delta. And the latter appeared almost in all the above stages and had two types of turbidite fans, slope-moving turbidite fans and slump turbidite fans. The slope-moving turbidite fans have relatively complete facies belts overlapping one another vertically and consist of the slope channel of inter fans, the turbidite channel, inter turbidite channel and turbidite channel front of middle fans and outer fans (or lakebottom plain). However, the slide-moving turbidity fans are formed in the deep lake with their microfacies difficult to be distinguished, and only the center microfacies and edge microfacies can be determined. The two types of the turbidity fans are similarly distributing in the near-root-slope and far-root-slope regions. The deep-lake deposition governs the distribution of the hydrocarbon and reservoir, while the slope-moving turbidite fans are excellent reservoirs for oil-gas exploration due to their great thickness, widespread distribution and accumulation properties.     

The deep-lake deposit in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, China and its significance for oil-gas accumulation

The deep-lake facies of the Yanchang Formation represents a large outflowing lake basin in the Ordos area. Its deposition can be divided into four stages lake genetic and expanding stage, peak stage, inversion stage and dying stage. All the stages are obviously consistent with the evolution of depositional environment and the paleoclimate in the region. The study indicates that the lake basin has evolution fluctuations from highstand to lowstand for four times in its evolution history, and the deposition center of the lake has not obviously moved, staying along the Huachi-Yijun belt. The deep lake sedimentary system mainly consists of deep water deltas and turbidite fans during the entire evolution course of the lake basin in the Late Triassic. The former mainly developed on the slope of steep shore of the delta in the early period of the deep-water expansion and gradually experienced a big shift from deep-water deltas to shallow-water platform delta. And the latter appeared almost in all the above stages and had two types of turbidite fans, slope-moving turbidite fans and slump turbidite fans. The slope-moving turbidite fans have relatively complete facies belts overlapping one another vertically and consist of the slope channel of inter fans, the turbidite channel, inter turbidite channel and turbidite channel front of middle fans and outer fans (or lakebottom plain). However, the slide-moving turbidity fans are formed in the deep lake with their microfacies difficult to be distinguished, and only the center microfacies and edge microfacies can be determined. The two types of the turbidity fans are similarly distributing in the near-root-slope and far-root-slope regions. The deep-lake deposition governs the distribution of the hydrocarbon and reservoir, while the slope-moving turbidite fans are excellent reservoirs for oil-gas exploration due to their great thickness, widespread distribution and accumulation properties.     

地震数据结构分析与油气预测方法

文中引入了地震资料数据结构的概念并解释了地震数据结构和地震数值之间的不同之处。我们的研究表明:地震数据结构与地层含油气性紧密相关,因此对地质和地球物理工作者精确地从地震资料解释含油层是非常有用的。此项技术可用于勘探开发的任何阶段。此方法已在中国一系列勘探井和开发井上试验,并已被证明是可靠的,试验成功率超过80%。此预测的新方法可应用于:(1)海相、三角州相或非海相的沉积环境;(2)非海相碎屑岩和灰岩岩层的沉积岩以及(3)埋深度从300m到2000m,油层最小厚度为8m(主频为约50周)。关键词:     

Formation mechanism and model for sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin, East China

The Bohai Bay basin comprises some very important and well documented subtle traps known in China, which have been the major exploration focus and have become a major petroleum play since the 1990s. However, recent exploration showed that the oil-bearing properties of some sand lens reservoirs may vary significantly and the accumulation mechanisms for these lithological subtle traps are not well understood. Based on statistical analysis of oil-bearing properties for 123 sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin and combined with detailed anatomy of typical sand lens reservoirs and NMR experiments, it has been shown that the structural and sedimentary factors, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion conditions of the surrounding source rocks, as well as the petrophysical properties of sand lens reservoirs are the main controlling factors for the formation of sand lens reservoirs. The formation of a sand lens reservoir depends on the interaction between the hydrocarbon accumulation driving force and the resistance force. The driving force is made up of the differential capillary pressure between sandstones and sources rocks and the hydrocarbon diffusion force, and as well as the hydrocarbon expansion force. The resistance force is the friction resistance force for hydrocarbons and water to move through the pore throats of the sand lens. The sedimentary environment, source rock condition and sand reservoir properties can change from unfavorable to favorable depending on the combination of these factors. When these three factors all reach certain thresholds, the sand lens reservoirs may begin to be filled by hydrocarbons. When all of these conditions become favorable for the formation of sand lens reservoirs, the reservoir would have high oil saturation. This approach has been applied to evaluating the potential of petroleum accumulation in the sand lens reservoirs in the third member of the Neogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Sub-basin.     

南黄海Heuksan盆地的地震地层学研究

南黄海中的南HEUKSAN盆地是一个介于矩形到菱形之间、大小大致为32 km×13 km的盆地.这个盆地有两个最厚的沉积中心;一个在盆地西部中央,地震双程到时2.2 s的部位;另一个在盆地东部中央位置.二者之间以中央隆起相隔.盆地的地震剖面可以进一步划分为古生代到三叠纪时期的前地堑相沉积,新生代的地堑充填沉积及中新世到上新世时期的的内凹沉积.地堑充填时期的沉积可以分为两个地震层序A和B.层序A和B又可以进一步划分为3到4个亚层序.在南HEUKSAN盆地利用地震层序学的方法对上始新统地震剖面进行了较为详细的分析.认为古水流大部分是从盆地的西部流入的.因此推断其沉积物源主要来自西北部地区,其次来自于盆地的北部.顶积层为三角洲相.根据反射地震剖面的连续性、振幅和反射频率等在上始新统的地震剖面上划分出4个地震相带.地震相A区主要位于两大沉积中心部位.为三角洲前缘泥砂.相带B位于沉积区的西北边缘为平坦三角洲的沙砾.相带C2沿着南部的盆地边缘断裂带分布,为冲积扇.结论认为:始新统的地震解释剖面表明当时主要为三角洲沉积.主要沉积物来自西北的陆源区和南HEUKSAN盆地的西北部.在盆地的南部边缘,沿着盆地的边界断层发育有冲积扇的沉积环境.     

Environmental reconstructions of a late devensian terrace sequence. Some preliminary findings

Facies analysis of Severn Main terrace sediments at Eardington, Shropshire is instructive in determining aspects of the sedimentary environment at a ‘proximal’ location in the terrace. Evaluation of the structural and directional properties of the gravels indicates that the terrace is a composite feature comprising two units. The lower unit is notable for the widespread occurrence of large sandy facies, a near absence of massive gravel facies, and the presence of large, locally derived, lithoclasts in excess of 1 m in diameter. Facies associations observed indicate the existence of in-channel bars and large channels with bedforms at the dune-plane bed transition. The directional properties of the unit indicate flows parallel to the main valley axis and although the unit is unlike previously reported examples it is interpreted as being the product of a proximal low sinuosity environment. The upper unit is composed mainly of multistorey, coarse, massive gravel units with limited interbedded sand facies. Fabric analysis indicates progradation of the unit from the west. The facies sequence is similar to those encompassed by facies models proposed for proximal alluvial fan deposits and therefore, on structural and directional grounds, the upper unit is interpreted as an alluvial fan deposit which prograded into the main Severn valley from the adjacent Mor Brook tributary. The implications of the composite nature of the terrace at this point are considered both in terms of terrace correlation and palaeohyrological estimation.     

The formation mechanism of high-quality dolomite reservoir in the deep of Puguang Gas Field

The discovery of Puguang Gas Field provides the exploration of China deep marine carbonate rock with important references.In Puguang Gas Field,the dolomite reservoirs discovered in the deep are the best in the present of China,which present big thickness and wide-range distribution,and develop abundant secondary porosity.The researches show that Puguang Gas Field bears the characteristics of early gas-filling time,deep burial,high matured organic matter and long-term interaction of hydrocarbon(oil and gas)-water-rock(carbonate reservoir).The developments of secondary pores in this area are affected by multiple diagenesis and their formation mechanisms are complicated.Through the research on depositional environment,sedimentary facies and reservoir porosity characters of Changxing and Feixianguan Formations,it is thought that high-quality dolomite reservoirs of Puguang Gas Field form on the favorable sedimentary facies belts,which are the integrate result affected by several factors including superficial corrosion,burial corrosion,overpressure and tectonic movement,among which burial corrosion of TSR to reservoir and overpressure formed by thermal evolution of organic matter have great effect on the formation of secondary porosity of Changxing and Feixianguan Formations.