云南永善肖滩早寒武世早期碳氧同位素记录

本文对采自云南永善肖滩剖面下寒武统100余件碳酸盐岩样品的碳氧同位素进行了分析研究。在从灯影组白岩哨段上部至筇竹寺组玉案山段碳酸盐岩碳同位素变化曲线上,梅树村组小歪头山段底部δ¹³C值表现出显着负飘移。早寒武世梅树村期,碳同位素值缓慢增大,至大海段达到最大值。在筇竹寺组石岩头段底部,δ¹³C值表现为明显负飘移。在玉案山段,碳同位素又开始一个新的正飘移旋回。根据同位素资料,肖滩剖面下寒武统梅树村组小歪头山段至大海段地层相当于前托莫特阶地层,筇竹寺组石岩头段与托莫特阶地层对应,玉案山段与呵特达班阶下部地层对比。小歪头山段底部标志着寒武纪沉积已经开始。     

会泽县娜姑镇银厂铅锌矿成矿条件及找矿方向研究

会泽娜姑镇银厂铅锌矿床是赋存于下寒武统筇竹寺组地层中的裂隙脉状铅锌矿床。本文从地层、岩相古地理、地质构造、岩浆作用等方面分析了该矿床的成矿条件,指出了该区具有在下寒武统筇竹寺组地层中寻找构造控制的沉积—改造—后成矿床的找矿方向,对该区铅锌矿找矿有指导意义。     

大巴山西段寒武纪的三叶虫分带

<正> 本文的大巴山西段,包括宁强、勉县、南郑、城固及西乡等地区,寒武纪地层发育良好,从上到下包括中寒武统陡坡寺组(小关子组),下寒武统孔明洞组、阎王碥组、仙女洞组、郭家坝组及相当于梅树村阶的地层。化石非常丰富,包括三叶虫、腕足类、古杯、高肌虫,海绵及小亮化石等,其中以三叶虫属种和数量最多,除相当梅树村阶的地层和筇竹寺组下部     

含遵义虫地层的时代讨论

本文详细讨论了含Tsunyiella的地层时代和这些地层之间的相互对比关系根据鄂西下寒武统高肌虫建立了2个化石带,上带Qingquanella hubeiensis带,下带Tsunyiella带,下带又可分为上、下两个亚带,分别是T.xianrenqiaocnsis亚带和T.luna huangshandongensis亚带,下亚带可与筇竹寺阶上部相对比,上亚带与滇东Yunnanaspis-Yiliangella带相当;Q.hubeiensis带则与Dvepanuvoidos带相当。并认为鄂西岩家河组和新疆玉尔吐斯组的时代相当于滇东筇竹寺阶下部无三叶虫带的时代。本文共描述了2个新属、5个新种。     

滇东曲靖地区下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩储层特征研究

下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩是南方页岩气勘查开发重点关注的层位之一,但滇东地区下寒武统筇竹寺组黑色页岩储层研究程度较低。样品采自2014年新钻的曲页1井,对下寒武统筇竹寺组黑色泥页岩进行全岩和粘土矿物X衍射分析、TOC、岩石物性、比表面积等测试和扫描电镜实验,综合分析了滇东曲靖地区筇竹寺组泥页岩储层特征及孔隙类型。结果表明:滇东曲靖地区下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩矿物组成主要是石英(44.75%)、粘土矿物(25.47%)、长石(16.44%);发育粒间孔、粒内孔和有机孔3种类型孔隙;有机质孔隙发育,以中孔为主,具有一定的页岩气勘探开发潜力;页岩储层自上而下孔隙体积有逐渐变小的趋势,但在井深400 m~500 m发育高孔隙体积;泥页岩储集性能的重要指标——孔隙度主要受有机质含量及发育程度的制约。     

云南昆明下寒武统筇竹寺组洒普山虫(三叶虫)的一个新种

洒普山虫是关杨虫(Kuanyangia)的一个亚属,乃1966年张文堂教授建立的,过去只有两个种:一个种名瘤点洒普山虫Kuanyangia(Sapushania)granulosa Chang,产于云南武定洒普山及狮子山,下寒武统筇竹寺组;另一个种名陕西洒普山虫Kuanyangia(Sapushania)shaanxiensis Zhang et Lin,产于陕西宁强坑家洞,下寒武统郭家坝组。本新种Kuanyangia(Sapushania)bella Chen(sp.nov.),产于云南昆明筇竹寺,下寒武统筇竹寺组。虽然只有一块标本,但标本保存的十分精美完好,与之共生的还有云南云南头虫Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis(Mansuy),产出层位系筇竹寺组的中上部。     

四川盆地寒武系划分对比及特征

以多重地层划分理论为指导,根据露头、钻井和测井资料的综合分析,在总结对比四川盆地及其邻区寒武系不同时期﹑不同构造单元地层划分方案的基础上,以岩石地层特征为主要依据,综合分析古生物特征及电性特征,将四川盆地寒武系自下而上划分为:下寒武统筇竹寺组、沧浪铺组和龙王庙组,中寒武统陡坡寺组,中上寒武统洗象池组。对岩性特征进行了详细研究,筇竹寺组主要为炭质页岩﹑页岩及泥岩;沧浪铺组主要为粉砂岩及泥质粉砂岩;龙王庙组主要为鲕粒灰岩﹑灰质白云岩及白云岩;陡坡寺组下部为泥质白云岩夹紫红色泥岩,上部为紫红色泥质粉砂岩﹑白云质粉砂岩夹紫红色泥岩;洗象池组主要为大套厚层状细晶白云岩﹑粉晶白云岩。四川盆地寒武系分布广泛且厚度较大,仅在盆地西部存在一个北东向剥蚀区,整体上在盆地中南部形成一个厚度低值区,向东﹑向南﹑向北厚度逐渐增大。     

四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组沉积特征及其对构造的响应

随着四川盆地页岩油气的勘探和开发,下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩受到广泛关注,但是由于埋藏深度大、钻井资料有限,该套地层在四川盆地的沉积特征差异尚不清晰。通过露头剖面观测、岩芯描述、主微量元素地球化学分析等,对四川盆地筇竹寺组页岩沉积特征进行综合研究。通过分析了四川盆地不同地区筇竹寺组岩性纵向上的变化及组合关系划分出4种不同岩性组合类型。针对不同构造背景下岩性组合类型的异同,总结了筇竹寺组沉积相类型。受构造运动影响,四川盆地早寒武世各地区构造背景有一定区别。筇竹寺页岩沉积厚度大且有机质富集的川东北城口地区、川中绵阳—长宁地区、川东南石柱等地区均与拉张槽、热水沉积以及特殊的构造位置相关。通过对四川盆地不同地区内筇竹寺组岩相组合和沉积旋回的划分、对比,以及古环境的氧化—还原性、气候、生产力等差异,明确了早寒武世不同构造背景下筇竹寺组沉积演化差异。本研究建立了四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组川东北浅水缓斜坡沉积体系、川东南浅水陆棚区沉积体系、滨岸海滩—陆棚沉积体系和陆棚内凹陷（拉张槽）沉积体系,为筇竹寺组海相页岩进一步勘探开发提供参考。     

川南筇竹寺组页岩储集空间类型及发育影响因素

川南地区下寒武统筇竹寺组是我国南方下古生界海相页岩气重要目的层系,由于时代较老、演化程度较高、埋深较大,勘探程度及成效均不及龙马溪组,对其储层特征的研究远不够深入,随着近期在井研-犍为地区取得重大突破,展示了筇竹寺组良好的勘探前景。为探明筇竹寺组页岩主要储集空间类型及对页岩气储集的不同贡献,以钻井资料为基础,依据多种分析测试方法,对川南地区筇竹寺组海相页岩孔隙类型与分布、孔隙定量表征进行研究,并探讨了页岩中微观储集空间的成因及发育影响因素。结果表明,川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩微观储集空间分为有机孔、无机孔和微裂缝3大类,主体以粘土矿物层间无机孔为主,富有机质页岩段有机孔发育比例明显增高,孔隙类型与分布特征的差异主要受TOC、Ro和成岩作用的控制。     

四川盆地海相地层烃源岩特征

震旦纪至中三叠世四川盆地发育海相地层,共发育5套区域性烃源岩:上震旦统陡山沱组、下寒武统筇竹寺组、下志留统龙马溪组都发育泥质岩烃源岩,中二叠统栖霞组和上二叠统吴家坪组则为泥质岩和碳酸盐岩2种类型的烃源岩.研究发现:陡山沱组生烃中心位于重庆涪陵地区,筇竹寺组生烃中心位于成都-自贡地区,龙马溪组以万县地区和泸州-綦江地区为...     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.