云南香格里拉普朗铜矿蚀变与矿化关系

普朗斑岩铜矿床是近年来发现的一个重要印支期铜矿床.含矿岩体为普朗复式斑岩体,由全岩铜矿化的石英二长斑岩、石英闪长玢岩及花岗闪长斑岩组成,其中矿化较好者主要与石英二长斑岩关系密切.矿区蚀变矿物有伊利石、镁绿泥石、多水高岭石、硬石膏、蒙脱石、黑云母、铁镁绿泥石、白云母、阳起石、金云母、方解石等,蚀变类型主要有钾长石化、黑云母化、钠长石化、硅化、绢云母化、钠黝帘石化、泥化.并且由中心向外依次为硅化核—硅化钾化带—绢英岩化带—青磐岩化带—角岩化带的面型蚀变特征.其中硅化钾化、绢英岩化蚀变带与铜矿关系密切.     

西藏多不杂富金斑岩铜矿床蚀变与脉体系统

多不杂富金斑岩铜矿床是班公湖_怒江成矿带第一个勘查评价出的大型斑岩铜矿床。文章在对矿区野外地质编录及室内镜下鉴定的基础上,对矿床蚀变与脉体系统进行了详细研究。结果表明,矿区发育典型斑岩铜矿蚀变系统,且分带性非常明显,从斑岩体内部向外具有钾硅酸盐化带(外缘叠加泥化蚀变与绢云母化蚀变)→绢英岩化带(大部分叠加有泥化蚀变)→青磐岩化带→角岩化带的分带特征。根据穿插关系、矿物组合及蚀变晕等特征可划分出21种脉体,早期形成的脉体包括在钾硅酸盐化带发育的磁铁矿细脉(M型脉共1种)、石英±钾长石±黑云母±磁铁矿±黄铜矿±黄铁矿脉(A型脉共8种)以及具有矿物组合分带特征的石英±磁铁矿±黑云母+钾长石+黄铜矿+黄铁矿脉(EB型脉共2种),中期形成的脉体包括主要在绢英岩化与泥化叠加带发育的石英±黄铜矿±黄铁矿±辉钼矿±石膏脉(B型脉共5种),晚期形成的脉体包括主要在青磐岩化带发育的石英±黄铁矿±黄铜矿±石膏±方解石脉(D型脉共5种),以A、B、D型脉最为发育。与矿化密切相关的蚀变带主要是钾硅酸盐化带、绢英岩化与泥化叠加带,与矿化密切相关的脉体主要为A型脉及B型脉。与国内外典型矿床相比,多不杂矿床蚀变模式及矿物组合与"二长岩"模式相似。多不杂矿床从内部的钾硅酸盐化带至外部的青磐岩化带均发育大量磁铁矿,且在青磐岩化带发育大量无矿石膏网脉,此是多不杂矿床的独有特色。     

毕力赫金矿床围岩蚀变及其与金矿化关系

本文对毕力赫金矿床Ⅱ矿带围岩蚀变及其与金矿化关系进行了研究.矿床主要蚀变类型为硅化、钾化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、电气石化、绿泥石化、高岭土化、碳酸盐化,其中硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化与金矿化关系密切;蚀变分带明显,由地表向下,依次为青磐岩化带→绢英岩化带→钾质蚀变带,绢英岩化带与金矿化关系最为密切.     

基于红外光谱技术研究云南普朗斑岩铜矿的蚀变和矿化特征

近年来红外光谱技术作为一种绿色、快速、无损、精确探测矿物的技术手段而倍受关注,针对斑岩型矿床蚀变矿物高度叠加、蚀变分带界线不明显、细粒蚀变矿物多、黏土蚀变矿物多等特征,该技术在蚀变矿物识别和勘探信息解读等方面优势突出。本文应用红外光谱技术对云南普朗斑岩铜矿区钻孔ZK1801岩心进行矿物识别和蚀变分带划分的研究,识别出钾硅酸盐化带、绿帘石-绿泥石化带、绿泥石-伊利石化带、石英-伊利石化带和泥化带。研究表明:普朗铜矿整个钻孔的蚀变矿物主要有石英、钾长石、绢云母、绿泥石、绿帘石、高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石等;根据矿化特征,发现铜矿体广泛赋存在钾硅酸盐化带和绿帘石-绿泥石化带中,与矿化关系密切的蚀变矿物"石英+钾长石+绢云母"和"绿帘石+绿泥石",可以作为普朗矿床勘查的标型蚀变矿物组合;研究区广泛发育的绢云母Al—OH波长随钻孔深度增加而逐渐从2210～2205nm减小到2202～2198nm, Al—OH波长2210～2205nm(长波绢云母)与矿化关系密切,可以作为普朗矿床勘查的指示信息。     

基于红外光谱技术的内蒙古达斯矿区蚀变地质填图及其勘查指示意义

红外光谱技术,辅以显微镜下鉴定和矿物地球化学分析,通过系统采集达斯矿区地表岩石与钻孔岩芯样品,开展精细蚀变矿物填图,利用绢云母矿物Al- OH基团在2200 nm附近的光谱变化特征,开展勘查区及其外围的找矿预测。结果显示：① 研究区主要矿物为钠长石、微斜长石、石英、绢云母、高岭石、蒙脱石和绿泥石,另含有少量明矾石、电气石、石膏和黑云母等;② 电气石、明矾石、高岭石和绢云母矿物及其组合与成矿关系密切,具有中硫化浅成低温热液型矿床蚀变矿物组合特征;③ 目前已发现的Pb矿（化）体,主要产于300 m以浅,矿体底板为一套蒙脱石+绿泥石为主的蚀变矿物组合。矿体赋存于绢云母（高岭石+少量明矾石+电气石）蚀变带内,蚀变分带特征（矿化体中心向外）表现为：绢云母化→绢云母+高岭石（+少量明矾石+电气石）→绢云母+蒙脱石→蒙脱石+绿泥石;④ 区内长波绢云母指示了深部热源的位置,短波绢云母反映出热液流体与浅部大气降水的混合作用,根据绢云母矿物Al- OH波长插值填图及矿物组合特征变化确定了成矿流体pH值偏中性、温度逐渐降低的变化趋势;⑤ 绢云母矿物在2200 nm附近的光谱吸收深度与Pb品位之间呈正相关关系,10%吸收深度阈值可区分具有相似Al- OH吸收特征的绢云母和高岭石矿物;⑥ 结合GIS空间叠加分析,认为勘查区外围仍具一定找矿潜力。     

碰撞造山型斑岩铜矿蚀变分带模式--以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带为例

岛弧环境斑岩铜矿蚀变分带模式已为人们所熟知 ,但碰撞造山环境的斑岩铜矿蚀变分带特征尚不清楚。对此 ,文中以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带为例 ,选择驱龙、冲江、厅宫 3个典型斑岩铜矿 ,对其蚀变系统进行了系统研究。依据蚀变矿物组合可分为 3个蚀变带 ,呈环带状分布。从中心向外依次为钾硅酸盐化带、石英绢云母化带、青磐岩化带。泥化带不太发育 ,通常叠加在其它蚀变带之上。钾硅酸盐化带主要蚀变矿物为钾长石、黑云母、石英、硬石膏 ,伴有大量的黄铜矿与辉钼矿 ,是成矿物质的主要堆积区。石英绢云母化带与钾硅酸盐化带渐变过渡或叠加其上 ,是次于钾硅酸盐化带的储矿部位。蚀变矿物组合为绢云母 +石英 +钾长石 ,金属硫化物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、辉钼矿、斑铜矿 ,少量的方铅矿、闪锌矿。主要的辉钼矿以石英 +辉钼矿脉的形式出现于本矿带。青磐岩化在斑岩体内不发育 ,矿化极微弱。蚀变岩石组分分析表明 ,岩石蚀变及其分带是岩浆流体 /岩石反应时K ,Na ,Ca ,Mg等组分迁移的结果 ,矿化伴随着蚀变发生。钾硅酸盐化带、石英绢云母化带和青磐岩化带的蚀变岩石与未 (弱 )蚀变斑岩具有一致的稀土配分模式 ,REE含量有规律地变化 ,说明蚀变岩石均经历了源于岩浆的流体的交代 ,不同的蚀变形成于岩浆流体演化的不同阶段。蚀?     

短波红外光谱技术在斑岩-高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床中的应用——以西藏铁格隆南超大型铜(金)矿床为例

铁格隆南铜(金)矿是西藏首例超大型斑岩-高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床.准确划分该矿床的蚀变分带对于后续的找矿勘探具有重要意义.本文主要运用短波红外光谱分析技术对西藏铁格隆南矿床进行蚀变矿物信息提取,同时利用X射线衍射辅助矿物识别;并结合岩相学和电子探针分析,对主要蚀变矿物绢云母的光谱特征进行系统梳理,构建铁格隆南矿区蚀变分带模型,探讨其勘查指示意义.结果表明:短波红外光谱清晰识别出高岭石、明矾石、地开石、叶腊石、绢云母、石膏、水铝石、蒙脱石8种蚀变矿物.根据蚀变矿物组合空间分布特征,从斑岩中心向外,可划分出钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩化蚀变,在中浅部被高级泥化蚀变广泛叠加.矿区广泛产出绢云母,其主吸收谷波长介于2196～2215 nm(平均值为2206.6 nm)之间,且深部钾硅酸盐化带与绢英岩化带中的绢云母主吸收谷波长差异明显,钾硅酸盐化带中波长可大于2210 nm,可能是绢英岩化蚀变对钾硅酸盐化蚀变叠加改造的结果,绢英岩化带则集中于2206～2208 nm区间.绢云母1400 nm吸收峰波长(Pos1400值)和绢云母Al-OH的吸收深度(Dep2200值)与铜矿化强度呈现良好的耦合关系,可作为后续斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床勘查评价的重要指示标志.绢云母族矿物Al-OH吸收峰(Pos2200值)较小(＜2203 nm)且结晶度指数值越大(＞5.5)的区域揭示铁格隆南矿床的热液成矿中心主要位于ZK2404的深部.     

河南熊耳山干树金矿成矿作用与围岩蚀变特征

干树金矿是河南熊耳山矿集区内的构造蚀变岩型金矿,矿区的金矿体主要赋存在构造蚀变岩带内,且与多阶段的热液活动密切相关。深源的含金成矿流体沿深大断裂向上运移,在温度、压力控制下,在构造的有利部位与围岩发生交代作用,形成多种围岩蚀变和金矿化。其中,硅化、绢云母化、黄铁绢英岩化、钾化与金矿化关系密切;围岩蚀变具有水平分带和垂直分带特征:从中心向两侧,蚀变依次为黄铁绢英岩化→石英绢云母化→钾化→绢云母化→绿泥石化,金品位呈逐步降低的分布规律;从地表向深部,则出现蚀变为褐铁矿化-高岭土化-硅化-碳酸盐化-绢云母化-钾化-黄铁矿化-黄铁绢云岩化,金品位呈由低转高的变化趋势。     

高硫-低硫化浅成低温热液矿床的短波红外矿物分布特征及找矿模型

本文以铁格隆南(荣那矿段)高硫化浅成低温热液矿床和斯弄多低硫化浅成低温热液矿床为研究对象, 运用短波红外技术快速厘定了上述两个矿床的蚀变矿物类型及组合特征, 构建了基于短波红外勘查技术的找矿模型。研究发现: 铁格隆南矿床(荣那矿段)的蚀变矿物垂向分带组合为: 高岭石→高岭石+(地开石+明矾石)→高岭石+明矾石+(地开石)→高岭石+地开石+明矾石。由于高硫化浅成低温热液交代黄铁绢英岩化带的斑岩型矿体, 致使上部矿石中还有少量交代残余的绢云母; 斯弄多低硫化浅成低温热液矿床的蚀变矿物垂向分布为: 白(绢)云母+(钠云母)→白(绢)云母+钠云母+(伊利石)→白(绢)云母+钠云母+蒙脱石+伊利石→白(绢)云母+钠白云母+蒙脱石+伊利石, 其中顶部白(绢)云母是后期黑云母花岗斑岩蚀变所产生, 本身与成矿无关; 矿体主要赋存在伊利石+蒙脱石带, 随着蒙脱石被伊利石化, 矿体也逐渐尖灭。     

基于短波红外技术的西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南矿床荣那矿段及其外围蚀变填图-勘查模型构建

采用短波红外技术测量西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南矿区地表岩石样本,发现蚀变矿物主要有绢云母和绿泥石,并在地表形成了一套从绢英岩化带-青磐岩化带的具有斑岩特点的蚀变矿物组合特征。通过测量地下ZK0804,ZK1604,ZK2404,ZK3204四个钻孔岩心的短波红外特征,发现钻孔岩心中存在大量明矾石、高岭石、地开石和绢云母,在东西向展布的过程中,绢云母数量及厚度明显增大,有继续向下延伸的趋势,说明矿体向深部逐渐从富含明矾石、地开石、高岭石的高硫、低温类型的矿物组合向绢英岩化带转变,并构成了规律的蚀变分带系统。根据地表、地下岩(矿)石的短波红外光谱特征及蚀变矿物分布趋势,构建了基于短波红外勘查技术的多龙矿集区斑岩-高硫浅成低温热液型铜(金)矿床找矿勘查模型,总结了从钾化带-绢英岩化带-泥化带-高级泥化带(明矾石-地开石-高岭石组合)-青磐岩化带的一套完整蚀变矿物组合及光谱特征。     

西藏地堡那木岗斑岩型铜矿多光谱遥感蚀变矿物组合分带特征

文章基于ASTER和Landsat-8OLI两种多光谱遥感数据,采用高光谱遥感技术混合调谐滤波(MTMF)、多光谱遥感技术相对吸收深度(RBD)、波段比值(BR)等方法提取了西藏多龙矿集区地堡那木岗斑岩型铜金矿床地表的蚀变矿物组合。其结果表明,基于ASTER数据的MTMF技术可将Al—OH矿物划分为白云母+高岭石/蒙脱石和地开石+蒙脱石+累托石两种组合,进一步可细分出斑岩型矿床多光谱遥感地表蚀变矿物组合并呈现出良好的分带特征:地堡那木岗铜金矿床自内而外依次为白云母+高岭石/蒙脱石→地开石+蒙脱石+累托石→Mg—OH类矿物组合,分别对应于前人野外调查所勘测到的的绢英岩化带+泥化带→泥化带→青磐岩化带,Fe3+矿物叠加于绢英岩化带、泥化带及其两带的叠合部位。所提取的多光谱遥感蚀变矿物组合分带特征对该区斑岩型铜金矿床的勘查工作提供了重要的遥感线索,对定位找矿靶区具有指导意义。     

藏东芒康县巴达铜金矿床地质特征及找矿方向研究

巴达铜金矿位于藏东富碱斑岩带南段,是藏东地区近年来新发现的大型铜金矿。虽然对巴达铜金矿开展了大量勘查工作,但对该矿床的成因尚未取得共识。本文基于详细的野外调研、岩心与坑道编录及系统的镜下鉴定,对巴达铜金矿床地质特征进行研究。巴达矿床主要产于石英二长斑岩中,局部产于斑岩和砂岩地层的接触带内。矿床发育的围岩蚀变主要为青磐岩化、钾化、绢英岩化,高岭土化、蛋白石化、蒙脱石化次之,蚀变分带从内向外依次为钾硅酸盐化带、绢英岩化带、青磐岩化带、高岭土化带,铜金矿体主要赋存于钾硅酸盐化和绢英岩化带内,铜矿化主要以黄铜矿形式产出,金矿化主要以银金矿形式产于白云石±石英+细粒黄铁矿±黄铜矿脉中,铜矿化与金矿化呈正相关,矿体的产出受北西向逆冲断层的控制。与典型斑岩和浅成低温热液矿床不同,巴达铜金矿化主要产于白云石±石英+黄铁矿脉中;矿床内既发育碳酸盐、伊利石、绢云母和黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿、低FeS闪锌矿等一套中硫型浅成低温热液矿床的蚀变矿物组合,又发育符合碱性斑岩系统的特征矿物赤铁矿。基于以上特征判断,巴达铜金矿矿床成因类型应为与富碱斑岩有关的浅成低温热液矿床,巴达铜金矿矿床成因的厘定,为下一步找矿提供了理论指导。     

甘肃岗岔—克莫地区蚀变岩特征与找矿预测

岗岔—克莫金矿区位于西秦岭北缘夏河—合作成矿带,具浅成低温热液型矿床特征,初步显示深部可能具有斑岩成矿系统存在。利用短波红外光谱矿物分析技术对岗岔—克莫金矿区蚀变岩特征的研究表明,矿区内发育的蚀变矿物主要有白云母、伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石、地开石、绿泥石、绿帘石和次生石英等。近矿蚀变类型主要为绢英岩化。矿区内以下家门沟口为中心向外依次发育了中心带(绢英岩化带)、过渡带(泥化带)和外围带(青磐岩化带)。此外,伊利石结晶度以下家门沟口为中心向外具有明显的降低趋势。研究结果指示下家门沟口可能是矿区的热液活动中心。     

Spectral characteristics of minerals in alteration zones associated with porphyry copper deposits in the middle part of Kerman copper belt,SE Iran

Visible near infrared and shortwave infrared (VNIR-SWIR, 350 to 2500 nm) reflectance spectra obtained from an analytical spectral device (ASD) have been used to define alteration zones adjacent to porphyry copper deposits (PCDs), in the central part of Kerman magmatic arc, SE Iran. The spectral analysis identified sericite, illite, halloysite, montmorillonite, dickite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, biotite, chlorite, epidote, calcite, jarosite, and iron oxyhydroxides (e.g. hematite, goethite) of hydrothermal and supergene origin. Identified alteration zones are classified into six principal types namely phyllic, phyllic/propylitic, propylitic, potassic, argillic and advanced argillic. The iron oxide minerals in the oxidized zone were also identified using spectral analysis. Results of spectral analyses of samples are consistent with mineralogical data obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and petrographic studies. Spectroscopic studies by ASD demonstrate that this tool is very useful for semi-quantitative and cost effective identification of different types of alteration mineral assemblages. Furthermore, it can provide a valuable tool for evaluating aerial distribution of alteration minerals while coupled with remote sensing data analysis.     

Rosia Poieni copper deposit,Apuseni Mountains,Romania: advanced argillic overprint of a porphyry system

The Rosia Poieni deposit is the largest porphyry copper deposit in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are related to the Middle Miocene emplacement of a subvolcanic body, the Fundoaia microdiorite. Zonation of the alteration associated with the porphyry copper deposit is recognized from the deep and central part of the porphyritic intrusion towards shallower and outer portions. Four alteration types have been distinguished: potassic, phyllic, advanced argillic, and propylitic. Potassic alteration affects mainly the Fundoaia subvolcanic body. The andesitic host rocks are altered only in the immediate contact zone with the Fundoaia intrusion. Mg-biotite and K-feldspar are the main alteration minerals of the potassic assemblage, accompanied by ubiquitous quartz; chlorite, and anhydrite are also present. Magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor bornite, are associated with this alteration. Phyllic alteration has overprinted the margin of the potassic zone, and formed peripheral to it. It is characterized by the replacement of almost all early minerals by abundant quartz, phengite, illite, variable amounts of illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals, minor smectite, and kaolinite. Pyrite is abundant and represents the main sulfide in this alteration zone. Advanced argillic alteration affects the upper part of the volcanic structure. The mineral assemblage comprises alunite, kaolinite, dickite, pyrophyllite, diaspore, aluminium-phosphate-sulphate minerals (woodhouseite-svanbergite series), zunyite, minamyite, pyrite, and enargite (luzonite). Alunite forms well-developed crystals. Veins with enargite (luzonite) and pyrite in a gangue of quartz, pyrophyllite and diaspore, are present within and around the subvolcanic intrusion. This alteration type is partially controlled by fractures. A zonal distribution of alteration minerals is observed from the centre of fractures outwards with: (1) vuggy quartz; (2) quartz + alunite; (3) quartz + kaolinite ± alunite and, in the deeper part of the argillic zone, quartz + pyrophyllite + diaspore; (4) illite + illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals ± kaolinite ± alunite, and e) chlorite + albite + epidote. Propylitic alteration is present distal to all other alteration types and consists of chlorite, epidote, albite, and carbonates. Mineral parageneses, mineral stability fields, and alteration mineral geothermometers indicate that the different alteration assemblages are the result of changes in both fluid composition and temperature of the system. The alteration minerals reflect cooling of the hydrothermal system from >400 °C (biotite), to 300–200 °C (chlorite and illite in veinlets) and to lower temperatures of kaolinite, illite-smectite mixed layers, and smectite crystallization. Hydrothermal alteration started with an extensive potassic zone in the central part of the system that passed laterally to the propylitic zone. It was followed by phyllic overprint of the early-altered rocks. Nearly barren advanced argillic alteration subsequently superimposed the upper levels of the porphyry copper alteration zones. The close spatial association between porphyry mineralization and advanced argillic alteration suggests that they are genetically part of the same magmatic-hydrothermal system that includes a porphyry intrusion at depth and an epithermal environment of the advanced argillic type near the surface.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann     

阿希金矿主要蚀变类型及其与金矿化关系

阿希金矿床赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组陆相火山岩中,成矿与破火山口(火山机构)环状断裂构造系统有关,属典型的冰长石-绢云母型大型金矿.阿希金矿近矿围岩蚀变为硅化、绢云母化、冰长石化、叶腊石化、绿泥石化等,以主矿体为中心向两侧共划分出6个蚀变矿物组合带,其中强硅化带和绢英岩化带与金矿化关系密切.     

西藏尼木地区岗讲斑岩铜-钼矿床地质特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

岗讲铜-钼矿床位于冈底斯中段尼木矿田之中,是近年新发现的一个储量在大型以上的典型斑岩型铜-钼矿床。含矿岩体为复式岩体,其中铜、钼矿化主要产于黑云石英二长岩、石英二长斑岩和流纹-英安斑岩之中。热液蚀变类型有钾化、硅化、绢英岩化、绿泥石化和局部泥化,从岩体中心向外主要发育钾化带和绢英岩化带。矿体主要分布在钾化带与绢英岩化带叠加部位,矿区次生氧化富集带也比较发育。文中利用二次离子探针质谱(SIMS)对主要含矿岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年研究,获得黑云石英二长岩和流纹-英安斑岩的结晶年龄分别为(14.73±0.13)Ma(MSWD=1.3,N=16)和(12.01±0.29)Ma(MSWD=2.3,N=8),与尼木矿田其他斑岩铜(钼)矿床含矿斑岩体的形成年龄基本一致,表明岗讲铜-钼矿床形成于印度-欧亚大陆板块碰撞后的伸展阶段。鉴于矿区缺失青磐岩化带,且钾化带主体已出露地表,因此该区的剥蚀深度至少应该在2～3 km,这与结合青藏高原的剥蚀速率(0.13～0.23mm/a)估算的剥蚀深度一致。     

Mineralogical Zonation of Wall-Rock Alteration in Jiaodong Gold Province, North China

ＭＩＮＩＮＧＨＩＳＴＯＲＹＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｙｔｈｅＪｉａｏｄｏｎｇｇｏｌｄｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｃｏｖｅｒｓａｌｍｏｓｔｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇｏｒＪｉａｏｄｏｎｇＰｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａ,ｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎｈａｌｆｏｆｔｈｅＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＰ...     

Infrared spectral reflectance characterization of the hydrothermal alteration at the Tuwu Cu–Au deposit, Xinjiang, China

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to characterize hydrothermal minerals and map alteration zones in the Tuwu Cu–Au deposit, Xinjiang, China. The Palaeozoic hydrothermal system at Tuwu is structurally controlled, developed in andesitic volcanic rocks and minor porphyries. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by horizontally zoned development of quartz, sericite, chlorite, epidote, montmorillonite and kaolin about individual porphyry dykes and breccia zones, as is shown by changes outward from a core of quartz veining and silicification, through an inner zone of sericite + chlorite to a marginal zone of chlorite + epidote. The alteration system comprises several such zoning patterns. Silicification and sericitization are spatially associated with Cu–Au mineralization. Zoning is also shown by compositional variations such that Fe-rich chlorite and Al-rich sericite occur preferentially toward the core and the most intensely altered parts, whereas Mg-rich chlorite and relatively Al-poor sericite are present on the margin and the relatively weakly altered parts of the hydrothermal alteration system. The compositions of chlorite and sericite, therefore, can be potentially used as vectors to Cu–Au mineralization. Montmorillonite and kaolinite, of probable weathering origin, are located near the surface, forming an argillic blanket overlying Cu–Au mineralization. Sporadic montmorillonite is also present at depth in the hydrothermal alteration system, formed by descending groundwater. Presence of a well-developed kaolinite-bearing zone on the surface is an indication of possible underlying Cu–Au mineralization in this region. Epidote occurs widely in regional volcanic rocks, as well as in variably altered rocks on the margin of the hydrothermal mineralization system at Tuwu. The widespread occurrence of epidote in volcanic country rocks probably reflects a regional hydrothermal alteration event prior to the localized, porphyry intrusion-related hydrothermal process that led to the Cu–Au mineralization at Tuwu.     

海南省罗葵洞钼矿围岩蚀变找矿标志

海南省罗葵洞钼矿是一处特大型斑岩型钼矿床,赋存于陆相火山岩与隐伏似斑状花岗岩接触界面及其外围,呈隐伏状产出,地表很难见到钼矿化露头.矿区最常见的蚀变是硅化和黄铁矿化,其次有钾化、绢云母化、绢英岩化、云英岩化、伊利石-水白云母化、黑云母化、绿帘石化、次闪石化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等,局部尚有叶腊石化、萤石化.其中硅化、钾化、绢英岩化、云英岩化与钼矿成矿关系密切.据初步研究,该区蚀变从火山口相中心,由内向外大致可分为不十分明显的4个蚀变带：强硅化蚀变带、硅钾蚀变带、硅化蚀变带、绿帘石-绿泥石化带.在详查工作中根据面形硅化细脉带,可以确定矿化范围,钾化强烈发育地段为钼矿富集部位.