盐碱地中华绒螯蟹育苗水质调配技术的研究

研究了地下卤水中Na^ ／K^ 对中华绒螫蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼体生长发育的影响以及幼体对人工海水盐度的适应性。结果表明：随着地下卤水中Na^ ／K^ 的降低，中华绒螫蟹幼体存活率、变态率和体质量增长率逐渐升高，当地下卤水中的Na^ ／K^ 低于18、6时，中华绒螯蟹幼体的存活率、变态率和体质量增长率与海水对照相比差异不显著；人工海水盐度梯度设置为18～26，Z1→Z2、Z3→Z4、Z5→M各阶段不同处理组幼体存活率和体质量增长率差异显著，而变态率差异基本不显著，各阶段的最适盐度分别为20，22和20。     

渤海莱州湾南岸第四纪地下卤水演化的地球化学模拟

渤海莱州湾南岸地区赋存有大量的地下卤水，许多研究者认为这些水是第四纪地质历史时期古海水经强烈蒸发浓缩后埋藏而成的，运用反向地球化学模拟理论，选用美国地质调查局（USGS）提供的PHREEQC（1997）地球化学模拟软件，对莱州湾南岸昌邑廒里501孔各层卤水的水化学演化过程进行模拟，研究结果表明，该地区的地下卤水是由古海水经强烈蒸发浓缩后被沉积物理藏，并在赋存过程中发生水－岩相互作用，使地下水出现方解石，石膏及CO2气体的过饱和析出。并伴随与沉积物发生K^ ,Na^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 之间的阳离子交换反应。其中的浅层地下卤水还受到地表盐后排放卤水的侵染。     

低盐度地下卤水养殖南美白对虾的研究

研究了用低盐度地下卤水养殖南美白对虾（Penaeus vannamei)的可行性和养殖模式。结果表明，向地下卤水中添加适量的K^ ，调节Na^ /K^ 比值，能明显提高仔虾的成活率；通过合理的水质调控，获得低盐度地下餐水南美白对虾养殖的高产高效，其中精养池平均成活率，平均产量和投入产出分别比半精养提高25．23％，148g/m^2和0．49。     

冰冻成因卤水的水化学标志──Ⅰ.卤水的δD值

于１９９８年－７月间进行了一系列有关海水结冰析盐和海水蒸发浓缩形成卤水的室内模拟实验,并对实验中得到的冰样和卤水样进行了化学组成和同位素组成分析。实验结果表明,与原来的海水相比,在上述两个自然物理过程中形成卤水的δＤ值随卤水浓度的升高表现出两个明显相反的变化趋势：在海水结冰析盐形成卤水过程中,卤水的δＤ值表现出逐渐降低的趋势;而在海水蒸发浓缩过程中,卤水的δＤ值却表现出逐渐增高的倾向。因此,对同一     

察尔汗盐湖晶间卤水痕量元素分布特征研究

1991年9月,定深采集了察尔汗盐湖S4层晶间卤水的85个样品,利用ARL-3520等离子光谱仪对样品中16种痕量元素进行了分析测试,根据测试结果对S4层晶间卤水痕量元素集散特征进行了研究。结果表明,察尔汗盐湖S4层晶间卤水中的16种痕量元素比海水富集;痕量元素随卤水的不断浓缩,其含量趋于增高。在S4层晶间卤水水平方向上,痕量元素的含量出现东高西低、南北变化不大的分异现象;垂直方向上表现为随深度的增加其含量出现增高的趋势。     

三丁基锡对文蛤外套膜代谢酶活性的影响

用实验生态学方法，观察浓度为0．1、1、10ng／dm^3的三丁基锡暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7、20d后对文蛤外套膜酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶以及Na^＋、K^＋-ATP酶活性的影响．结果表明各浓度组的三丁基锡在暴露早期（2d），外套膜中酸性、碱性磷酸酶和Na^＋、K^＋-ATP酶活性与对照组比较没有显著差异，随着暴露时间的延长，高浓度的TBT暴露对AKP表现出激活作用，对ACP和Na^＋、K^＋-ATP酶活性则具有抑制作用．结果显示Na^＋、K^＋-ATP酶可作为有机锡暴露的生物标志物．     

山东北部泥质海岸带白浪河地区地下水水化学演化过程

莱州湾沿岸是中国海(咸)水入侵典型区域之一,受多次海侵海退事件影响,形成了复杂的地下含水系统。为探究其地下水系统水化学特征及演化规律,对比分析白浪河地区内地下水的水化学特征及主要离子的变化规律,研究了不同分区的水化学演化过程。结果表明,内陆的咸水主要由淡水/卤水混合形成,滨海的咸水主要由淡水/海水混合形成。现存卤水在形成过程中发生了淡水的混入,水岩相互作用和阳离子交换在一定程度上改变了卤水的水化学组成。矿物饱和指数结果表明,不同分区的地下水体中,方解石和白云石基本处于饱和状态,岩盐均未达到饱和状态,石膏仅在卤水中达到饱和状态。从陆到海,地下水系统中发生的阳离子交换过程不同,淡水区和微咸水区浅层的地下水主要是水中的Ca²⁺与含水介质吸附的Na⁺交换,而其他分区的阳离子交换过程与之相反。     

莱州湾南岸滨海平原地下卤水水化学特征

综合运用数理统计分析方法对莱州湾南岸滨海平原地下卤水样品的水化学特征进行分析,结果表明:莱州湾南岸地下卤水水化学总体特征与海水一致,rNa/rCl,rK /rBr和rMg/rCa系数反映出当地地下卤水来源于沉积古海水,并且海水浓缩程度很高,而变质作用较弱;主成分分析中,第一主分量可以用来解释地下卤水形成时的海水浓缩程度...     

渤海地区晚第四纪环境演化与第四纪滨海相地下卤水的形成

由于气候变化和新构造运动,渤海曾发生多次海陆演化,从而形成了第四纪地下卤水。间冰期的海侵提供了形成地下卤水的水源,气候波动产生了海水浓缩的条件,而冰期海退过程中,陆源物质覆盖于海相沉积上,保存了地下卤水。对环境演化在“潮滩生卤”和“冰冻生卤”过程中重要作用的分析结果表明,在第四纪环境演变的过程中,两种生卤作用在地质时期卤水矿床形成中均具有重要意义,并且只要存在海水物源,就有可能形成地下卤水。     

海水中无机离子交换的互不相干作用——Ⅰ．海水中U（Ⅵ）、Cr（Ⅱ）、Ca、Mg与水合氧化钛的离子交换反应

世界上的事物无不具有二重性，海水中无机离子交换作用也不例外．一般说来，因。海水组份的复杂性，比较普遍地存在着离子竞争交换作用．但在一定条件下，离子，间的相互作用比较弱，以至尚不能显现出它们之间的离子竞争交换作用，而表现为互不．相干涉地进行离子交换作用，简称为无机离子交换的互不相干作用。     

大连大魏家滨海岩溶区海水入侵化学过程

通过不同比例的海水与淡水的混合作用及其混合水对碳酸盐岩的混合溶蚀作用的室内模拟实验,对滨海岩溶区海水入侵过程中的化学过程和水-岩作用进行了研究。在海水入侵过程中,海水与淡水的混合作用是以机械混合为基础的复杂化学过程;过渡带混合水对围岩(碳酸盐岩)的混合溶蚀作用则是以分子扩散和表面反应为主的复杂化学过程;而混合水与岩溶空间内的松散沉积物间的各种离子交换作用主要是阳离子交换吸附。室内模拟试验和野外实测地下水化学组分剖面资料对应说明,淡水、海水界面之间的过渡带中部区的混合溶蚀作用最强,亦可能是岩溶最发育的部位。     

The density of Red Sea brines

The densities of artificial and real Red Sea brines have been measured at 25°C with a vibrating tube densimeter. Measurements were also made on mixtures of Red Sea brines with seawater and pure water. The results have been used to characterize the density—composition relations of waters across the interface of brine and average Red Sea waters. The results for the real and artificial brines are in reasonable agreement.The composition of the brines and mixtures with seawater have been characterized by conductivity measurements of weight diluted samples. The conductivity salinities were found to be conservative to within $\text{±0.07‰}$ for the mixtures.The densities of brines and mixtures of brines and seawater were estimated from apparent molal volume data using Young's rule. The calculated densities for all of the solutions were found to be in good agreement with the measured values, demonstrating the applicability of Young's rule to concentrated natural waters.     

Hydrographic changes during 20 years in the brine-filled basins of the Red Sea

Many of the deep basins filled by hot brines in the Red Sea have not been investigated since their discovery in the early 1970s. Twenty years later, in September 1992, six of these deeps were revisited. The temperature and salinity of the Suakin, Port Sudan, Chain B, and Nereus deeps ranged from 23.25 to 44.60°C and from 144 to 270‰. These values were approximately the same in 1972, indicating that the budget of heat and salt was quite balanced. We measured strong gradients of properties in the transition zone between brines and overlying seawater. The contribution of salinity to the density gradient was more than one order of magnitude higher than the opposite contribution of temperature across the seawater–brine interface. Therefore the interface was extemely stable, and the transfer of properties across it was considered to be controlled mostly by molecular diffusion. We calculate that the diffusional transport of salt from the brines to seawater cannot affect significantly the salinity of the brines over a 20 year period, which agrees with the observations. The brine pools can persist for centuries with no salt input. Therefore, the persisence of brines does not correspond to a steady balance between diffusional loss and continuous input of hydrothermal solutions. Deeps that experience only episodical hydrothermal brine supplies may persist for a long time with salt inherited from past inputs. The theoretical loss of heat by diffusion from the brine to seawater was higher than the observed decrease in temperature of the brine pool during the 20 year period of observation. We calculated that the heat flux out of the pools into the overlying seawater was compensated by a heat flux into the pools of about 250–600 mW/m². This range of values corresponds to bottom heat flow values that have been reported earlier for the axial zone of the Red Sea. In contrast to the other brine pools, the temperature and salinity of the Valdivia Deep brine increased by 4.1°C and 10‰, respectively, between 1972 and 1992, which is explained by present-day hydrothermal brine discharge.     

崂山花岗岩地区含锶、偏硅酸矿泉水的形成机理

报道了崂山花岗岩地区矿泉水的特征。指出其矿泉类型为含锶、偏硅酸型，并讨论了其形成机理。     

Sulphate-related equilibria in the hypersaline brines of the Tyro and Bannock Basins, eastern Mediterranean

The Tyro and Bannock Basins, which are depressions in the eastern Mediterranean, contain hypersaline anoxic brines. These brines are of different composition: Tyro brine is primarily an early-stage halite (NaCl) brine, whereas Bannock brine includes the more soluble ions of late-stage evaporite minerals. Accordingly, the Bannock brine contains a much greater sulphate concentration than the Tyro Brine. This difference in sulphate concentration is reflected in the concentrations of ions such as Ca, Sr and Ba, which form sparingly soluble sulphate minerals.Equilibrium calculations using the Pitzer specific ion interaction model indicate that the brines in both basins are saturated with respect to gypsum (CaSO₄-2H₂O) and supersaturated to saturated with respect to dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂). The degree of saturation with respect to dolomite is greater in the Bannock Basin than it is in the Tyro Basin. Correspondingly, recent gypsum crystals and dolomite hardgrounds have been found in the Bannock Basin but not in the Tyro Basin.The Tyro brine is homogeneous in composition, whereas the Bannock brine demonstrates a clear two-layer brine structure. At the interface of the upper and the lower brine distinct positive anomalies occur in the total alkalinity and the concentration of phosphate, and negative anomalies occur in the concentrations of Mn²⁺ and the rare earth elements (REE). These anomalies and the observed association of gypsum/dolomite in the sediments are all consistent with a recent precipitation of dolomite and gypsum in the Bannock Basin. The brines in both basins are also saturated with respect to barite (BaSO₄).The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ³⁴S ratios of the Bannock brines are amazingly consistent but differ dramatically from the values for modern or Messinian-age seawater. The Sr concentration and Sr and S isotope ratios in the gypsum crystals indicate that most of these crystals have resulted from precipitation/recrystallization from the brine and not from seawater. The observed variations between crystals are thought to reflect the recrystallization of (sub-) outcropping Messinian gypsum with a low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in the presence of seawater or brine fluids and with different extents of diagenesis.     

罗布泊第四纪湖泊沉积序列及钾盐资源的形成

为在我国新生代大陆沉积盆地开展区域找矿及钾盐资源预测提供科学依据, 采用地球卫星遥感资料和地面调查与化学测试以及区域盐湖卤水演化环境的演绎分析等手段, 综合方法, 揭示了罗布泊盆地第四纪沉积层序和湖泊气候环境变化的基本特征与古湖泊湖水及现代湖水的饱和流结晶路线及成盐成矿演化趋势.区域盐湖卤水演化环境和地质钻探资料及相图表明, 罗布泊地区钾盐矿床的成盐矿物以钾的硫酸盐矿物为主, 并没有出现真正意义上的钾盐沉积阶段(即氯化物钾盐析出阶段), 而钾盐卤水矿床却是一个积极的找矿方向.根据断裂组合及深部地质作用的分析, 这一地段是现代地质作用条件下形成的呈北东向展布的地堑构造系统, 富钾卤水蕴藏在地堑构造系统的中央断裂带内.综合分析表明, 通过地堑构造系统的中央断裂的贯通作用, 使深层卤水以及表层渗滤水向断裂破碎部位聚集, 并由于深部卤水的运动, 使深层盐岩系地层发生选择性溶解和表层渗滤水, 使浅部疏松堆积物的易溶性氧化钾溶解, 从而导致富钾卤水的富集而形成超大型液体钾盐矿床.     

青岛新河镇海水入侵灾害研究

根据2008年最新监测数据,对青岛新河地区的海水入侵特征进行了分析研究,根据氯离子质量浓度与降雨量和水位的关系,分析了新河地区海水入侵主要影响因素是超采地下水,并认为新河地区海水入侵日益严重,近年来有加快趋势,入侵方向为由NW往SE方向推进,海水入侵范围已基本侵染整个新河地区。同时,根据新河地区降雨量、自然地理、社会经济和海水入侵灾害主要诱发因素等情况,提出了防治措施及建议。     

海山当地物源和南极底层水对富钴结壳成矿作用的影响——来自海山周围水柱化学分析的证据

为了了解海山富钴结壳中金属元素的来源及其形成环境,对中太平洋某海山周围两个站位(一个位于海山斜坡上部,另一个位于海山外围较远处)进行了海水水柱综合水化学分析,发现两个站位溶解氧、pH及营养盐的分布是一致的,反映了两个站位海水化学环境的相似性,而剖面上金属元素含量却存在很大差异,位于海山斜坡上部站位的金属元素含量明显高于离海山较远的站位,说明海山结壳的主要金属来源于海山当地的水岩反应甚至低温热液活动。尽管存在差异,但在两个不同站位均存在近底层金属元素含量高,这印证了通过势温分布推断的本区存在南极底层水(AABW)影响的判断,说明AABW在本研究区确实存在,并且是维持海山斜坡强氧化环境的主要因素,AABW可能同时起着输运部分成矿元素的作用,但两个站位水柱金属元素含量的差异主要揭示了海山区存在水岩反应或者低温热液等当地物质的输入。