陕西岐山黄土剖面Rb、Sr组成与高分辨率气候变化

陕西岐山五里铺全新世黄土剖面层次结构清晰完整。通过对该剖面Rb,Sr含量和磁化率系统测定表明，黄土中Rb,Sr含量和Rb/Sr值明显不同于古土壤，它们作为气候替代指标比磁化率更灵敏，分辨率更高。Rb,Sr高含量及低Rb/Sr值指示冬季风占优势的干旱期，相对低的Rb,Sr含量及高的Rb/Sr值指示夏季风占优势的湿润时期。揭示在大约6000－5000aBP曾出现一次以干旱为特征的明显气候恶化期，使全新世“大暖期”分裂形成两个主要的土壤期。黄土高原南部自全新世以来，经历了黄土沉积→土壤发育→黄土覆盖→土壤再度发育→黄土堆积及现代表土的发展演化阶段。     

陕西岐山黄土剖面 Rb、Sr组成与高分辩率气候变化

陕西岐山五里铺全新世黄土剖面层次结构清晰完整。通过对该剖面Rb、Sr含量和磁化率系统测定表明 ,黄土中Rb、Sr含量和Rb/Sr值明显不同于古土壤。它们作为气候替代指标比磁化率更灵敏 ,分辩率更高。Rb、Sr高含量及低Rb/Sr值指示冬季风占优势的干旱期 ,相对低的Rb、Sr含量及高的Rb/Sr值指示夏季风占优势的湿润时期。揭示在大约 6 0 0 0～ 5 0 0 0aBP曾出现一次以干旱为特征的明显气候恶化期 ,使全新世“大暖期”分裂形成两个主要的成壤期。黄土高原南部自全新世以来 ,经历了黄土沉积→土壤发育→黄土覆盖→土壤再度发育→黄土堆积及现代表土的发展演化阶段。     

大别山北麓黄土-古土壤Rb、Sr与磁化率及其古环境意义

对大别山北麓0.78 Ma以来的黄土-古土壤样品的磁化率及Rb和Sr的地球化学特征研究表明,相对高的w(Rb)和w(Rb)/w(Sr)值及低w(Sr)值指示夏季风占优势的湿润时期,对应古土壤层;相对低的w(Rb)和w(Rb)/w(Sr)值及高w(Sr)值指示冬季风占优势的干旱期,磁化率相对较低,对应黄土层。剖面的w(Rb)/w(Sr)值自下至上降低反映大别山北麓地区的风化作用逐渐减弱,也揭示自0.78 Ma以来气候具有由湿向干的趋势;磁化率与w(Rb)/w(Sr)值的对比分析表明,它们的变化曲线存在显著不同,原因可能是由于磁化率在古土壤中的增强机制比较复杂所致,w(Rb)/w(Sr)值作为气候替代指标比磁化率更灵敏。与洛川剖面相比,大别山黄土-古土壤的w(Rb)较高而w(Sr)较低及Rb、Sr较强的分异能力特征反映了大别山气候整体较为温湿,沉积物遭受的风化程度更强。     

最近11万年来东亚季风轨道与千年尺度气候变率在南京下蜀黄土中的记录

对南京李家岗下蜀黄土剖面上部的近20 m地层进行野外观察和室内研究,划分出5层黄土和5层古土壤,按5 cm间距采集了Rb/Sr、色度、磁化率和粒度样品,并在剖面和可追索的相邻剖面上采集了13个光释光测年样品。分析结果显示,Rb/Sr、色度和磁化率等夏季风代用指标曲线所表现的4次岁差变率振荡具有高度的一致性,依据气候地层...     

陕西洛川黄土剖面的Rb/Sr值及其气候地层学意义

本文系统地测试了陕西洛川黄土-古土壤剖面中的Rb,Sr含量和磁化率。通过对比该剖面2．50MaB．P．以来Rb／Sr曲线和磁化率曲线,发现两者的形状和变化的相位十分相似,然而两者的相对振幅却有明显的差别。Rb／Sr曲线记录了0．80MaB．P．左右一次重要的气候转型界面,揭示了黄士和古土壤内部次一级的气候波动旋回,反映了早更新世黄土高原较温暖潮湿的特点以及更新世以来气候由湿向干的变化趋势。研究表明,Rb／Sr值可以作为衡量东亚夏季风环流强度变化的较为敏感的替代性指标。     

中国黄土地层Rb和Sr地球化学特征及其古季风气候意义

本文详细研究了陕西洛川黄土剖面中Rb,Sr的含量变化及其在不同粒级与不同相态中的分布特征。结果表明Rb在粘粒中含量高，基本只存在于残留态中，而Sr则主要分布于砂和粉砂粒级中，并以残留态与碳酸盐结合态为主要赋存相态，因此黄土和古土壤中Rb、Sr含量的差异应与冬季风驱动的粒度分选作用引起的物质组成变化及风驱动的风化成壤强度密切相关。Rb／Sr值变化实际上反映了东一业季风系统的两个相互消长因子－－冬季风与夏季风在轨道时间尺度上的循环交互特征。洛川剖面2.6Ma以来Sr含量总体演化趋势与北半球冰量变化模式的相似性验证了高纬度冰盖生长与东亚季风强度之间存在着耦合关系，而Rb含量与磁化率之间极佳的正相关关第为今后用Rb画评估成壤作用对磁化率的贡献成为可能。     

末次间冰期以来沙漠边缘黄土沉积的地球化学特征初探

沙漠边缘地区黄土磁化率的增强机制与黄土高原地区有所不同,不宜用于夏季风强度变化的重建。所以,本文尝试将黄土高原地区常用的化学风化指标:化学蚀变指数（CIA）和Rb/Sr用于沙漠边缘地区白崖剖面夏季风演化的重建。结果显示,CIA可以较好地反映成壤作用,因而也可以较好地反映夏季风的变化,而Rb/Sr受源区因素和成壤因素共同作用,不能有效地指示夏季风的强度。同时,本文还选取了常见的反映粒度分选和冬季风变化的SiO2/TiO2和Zr/Rb,结果显示,SiO2/TiO2和Zr/Rb能明确指示粒度分选作用和冬季风的变化。此外,Al-Ti-Zr三角图显示,物源在不同时期存在一定的变化,在全新世和末次间冰期黄土物质混合较为均匀,表明风尘经历了较长距离的搬运和较为充分的混合过程;在末次冰期黄土物质混合程度存在明显分异,意味着部分时段物源可能较近。     

内陆湖泊流域的化学风化及气候变化—以内蒙古岱海为例

利用湖泊沉积物中Rb/Sr值来反映受古气候制约的流域陆地化学风化率的变化，并恢复了岱海近400a以来以小冰期为特征的、具有100a准周期（经谱分析）的气候波动历史。通过磁化率、粘土矿物含量和种类的综合分析，确证了湖泊沉积物Rb/Sr值的变化可以用来重建流域内化学风化率与其相应的古气候演化过程，是湖泊沉积记录中具有比磁化率更明显气候意义的有效代用指标。     

京山屈家岭地区全新世中晚期环境变化及其对人类活动的影响

通过对江汉平原北部的野外考察,结合屈家岭剖面粒度、Rb/Sr比值、磁化率和已有孢粉结果的综合分析,揭示了该地区全新世中晚期沉积环境和气候变化特征。结果表明,该剖面沉积物中粉砂(62.5～4μm)、粘粒(<4μm)约占其总量的95%以上,属于略含细砂的粘土质粉砂,概率累积曲线以三段式为主。结合地貌和岩性分析,确认该剖面以河流相沉积为主。沉积物粒度组成以粒径<30μm组分为主,同黄土的众数组分类似。也有部分样品的概率累积曲线呈现出北方黄土和下蜀黄土多见的两段式,但概率累计曲线段的斜率和中、细粒组分的相对含量都同黄土有差异。粒度组成方面同黄土沉积的某些相似特征说明,青木垱河流域广泛分布的黄土沉积可能影响了该剖面的沉积特征。沉积样品的磁化率、Rb/Sr比值和已有的孢粉分析结果反映的气候变化趋势基本上是同步的。5.2kaBP以来屈家岭遗址附近区域气候变化可以分成3个阶段:5.2～4.2kaBP期间,是较为温暖湿润的时期,水热条件好于现在,后期暖湿程度有波动性降低的趋势;4.2kaBP开始气候暖湿程度明显下降,气候转向干凉;2.0kaBP以来,本地区气候暖湿程度有所回升。该地区包括气候在内的环境变化,一定程度上影响了新石器晚期文化的演化历史。     

青藏高原黄土堆积典型元素相对含量变化与古气候意义

青藏高原东北部黄土分布广厚,较好的记录了第四纪古气候变化的信息。为了从地球化学的角度寻找能更好指示高原气候变化的代用指标,本文对西宁盆地湟水河高级阶地之上的大墩岭黄土剖面顶部末次间冰期以来(S1古土壤层之上)沉积的黄土—古土壤系统取样,并做了易迁移元素(Sr、Ca)与难迁移元素(Rb、Zr、Ti)的含量变化分析。结果发现,水迁移能力差别较大,矿物组成不同的元素(或氧化物)比值Rb/Sr、Ti/Sr、Zr/CaO比较灵敏的指示了高原末次间冰期以来古气候,特别是古降水变化信息,而且其与常用的磁化率指示的中国北方古气候变化及深海沉积氧同…     

Roles of sorting and chemical weathering in the geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility of Xiashu loess, East China

Uncertainties in paleoenvironmental interpretations for traditional chemical analysis of bulk samples result from different grain-size sub-populations of sediments containing variable distributions of elements and minerals. Therefore, it is important to understand the elemental and mineral distribution in different grain sizes in determining the quantitative relationship between chemical weathering and climatic change. We sieved a series of Xiashu loess samples into three sub-populations of different grain sizes (<2, 2–45 and >45 μm, respectively), and then analyzed each population for rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), rare earth elements and magnetic susceptibility. In comparison with elemental concentrations of bulk samples, clay mineralogy and illitic crystallinity, our results show that distinct elemental distributions and magnetic susceptibilities for different grain-size sub-populations are controlled by sorting and/or chemical weathering, although we also suggest that the Xiashu loess may have the same provenance as the Central Chinese Loess. Maximum concentrations of Rb and fine-grained magnetic minerals in the less than 2 μm sub-population, coupled with our finding of maximum Sr in the larger than 45 μm fraction, indicate that Sr was lost during chemical weathering. Grain-size sub-population analysis is, therefore, an effective method for extracting paleoenvironmental information, because individual sub-populations show minimal variations in initial Rb/Sr ratios compared to bulk analysis of all sizes together. Furthermore, a negative correlation between Rb/Sr ratios and Sr concentrations for the <2 μm fraction (R² = 0.97) may indicate that clay is a sensitive indicator of intensity of chemical weathering and is an ideal sub-population for determining Rb/Sr ratios, but not for magnetic susceptibility.     

2.5Ma以来大陆风化强度的演变

本次研究得出了２．５ＭａＢＰ以来洛川剖面黄土－古土壤序列的酸不深物＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ、磁化率和沉积速率的变化曲线。黄土和古土壤酸不深物＾８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ和磁化率的变化具有类似的阶段性和周期性,这与晚新生代以来古气候的主要变化以及行星轨道参数相一致。研究证明,黄土和古土壤酸不深物＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ值得化学风化强度的替代指标,沉积速率是物理风化强度的替代指标。自２．５     

Impacts of grain size sorting and chemical weathering on the geochemistry of Jingyuan loess in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau

Major and trace elemental compositions of loess samples collected from the Jingyuan section in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) were analyzed to investigate the potential impacts of grain size sorting and chemical weathering on the loess geochemistry and to extract appropriate geochemical indices for better evaluating the East Asian monsoon variability. Based on variations of major and trace elements in different grain size fractions, seventeen elements were classified into three types: (1) Si and Na display higher contents with the increased particle sizes; (2) Al, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, Rb, Cr, V are mainly enriched in fine size fractions; (3) Ti, Ba, Zr, P, Ca and Sr show irregular variations among different size fractions. Comparison of Al-normalized elemental ratios with Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios (two commonly employed indicators for grain size sorting and pedogenic weathering) indicates that Si/Al, Zr/Al, Ti/Al variations match well with Zr/Rb and grain size results, whilst Ca/Al, Sr/Al, P/Al ratios display similar variability as that of Rb/Sr ratio. Comparison of loess based proxies (e.g., elemental ratios, magnetic susceptibility, grain size) of Jingyuan section with speleothem and ice-core records confirms that elemental ratios of high-resolution loess sequences developed in the northwestern CLP can be employed to address fluctuations of the winter monsoon-induced grain size sorting and summer monsoon-related weathering and pedogenesis at glacial–interglacial and millennial timescales.     

南京林峰桥剖面记录的22600—18550aBP的环境演变信息

通过对林峰桥剖面的磁化率值,Rb、Sr含量和14C年代等的测定,发现在21070aBP前后,磁化率值异常增高,Rb/Sr比值降低,揭示出南京江北地区在这一时段,风化淋溶作用不强,可能经历了一次突然的气候冷干事件,与北半球广泛记录的Heinrich事件的H2同时期,可能是Heinrich事件在东亚季风区的又一响应。     

Typical Geochemical Elements in Loess Deposit in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Paleoclimatic Implication

Widespread and thick loess deposit in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau records paleoclimatic changes over the Quaternary period. In this study, we investigate a loess section located in a high terrace of the Huangshui River in the Xining Basin, and collect samples at 20-cm intervals by digging a well of 16-m depth （including paleosol S1 and SO and several loess interlayers over the last glacial-interglacial cycle and the Holocene）. Concentration of some active elements （Sr and Ca） and inert elements （Rb, Zr, Ti） in these loess samples are measured. The results show that ratios of those elements （oxide）, such as Rb/Sr, Ti/Sr, and Zr/CaO ratios, would indicate sensitively paleoclimatic changes, especially the history of precipitation over the last glacial-interglacial and the Holocene. Moreover, the curves of Rb/Sr, Ti/Sr, and Zr/CaO ratios had almost the same variable trends from the bottom to the top and also closely correlated with values of magnetic susceptibility and the global marine δ^18O record. But compared with the curves of magnetic susceptibility, the changes of ratios of these elements （oxide） are clearer and easy to understand. Therefore, the ratios of these typical chemical elements in the loess deposit may be used as an excellent index to investigate the history of paleoclimate, particularly precipitation changes in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.