充分利用数据库资料提高雷雨预报准确率

2000年7月17日午后及晚上双流机场产生了两次强雨天气过程，机场预报员成功地对上述过程做出准确以预报；本文就当日的天气过程进行了较为详细地分析，进一步总结出民航气象数据库WAFS（世界区域预报系统的简称，以下同）产品500hPa高空风既流场形势预预告图对近两年来双流机场多起夏季雷雨天气过程成功预测所起的作用，为双流机场夏季雷雨的预报提供了一个着眼点。     

数值预报产品在双流机场雷雨过程中的检验及应用

本文利用数值产品对双流机场雷雨天气过程进行检验，对双流机场雷雨过程的天气形势和要素场的特征进行了分析，并利用WAFS产品制作了高空（850hPa)温度演变预报图图例，对本场的雷雨预报有一定的参考作用。     

数值预报产品在双流机场雷雨过程中的检验及应用

本文利用数值产品对双流机场雷雨天气过程进行检验,对双流机场雷雨过程的天气形势和要素场的特征进行了分析,并利用WAFS产品制作了高空(850hPa)温度演变预报图图例,对本场的雷雨预报有一定的参考作用.     

双流机场夏季雷暴的分析及预报

根据1994—1995年6至8月观测资料，利用基于Fisher准则的判别分析方法，对双流机场夏季雷暴天气进行统计分析，建立预报方程．并从天气学和能量的观点对统计结果作了修正和补充，在此基础上总结出夏季雷暴天气的预报线索。     

夏季关中地区雷雨形势分析及预报

夏季关中地区雷雨形势分析及预报胡炳华，贾仲斌（３９１１１部队气象中心西安·７１００７７）夏季雷雨是威胁飞行安全的主要天气要素之一。我们从普查近三十年的雷雨个例入手，以０８时５００ｈＰａ的形势变化为依据，归纳整理出产生雷雨的几种天气形势及预报思路。１西...     

广州夏季西太平洋高压脊西侧的雷雨预报方法

我们对广州夏季处于西太平洋高压脊西侧(或西缘)的雷雨预报,利用点聚的形式提出一个预报方法。 夏季西太平洋高压脊西侧的雷雨是影响华南主要天气之一。当高压脊线位置位于广     

双流机场雷暴天气预报方法研究

利用双流国际机场2013—2018年的逐小时气象观测资料、欧洲中心ERA-interim逐6小时再分析资料、成都市气象局多普勒天气雷达产品资料,运用统计学方法分析双流机场雷暴月变化和日变化特征,并利用相关性分析筛选出双流机场雷暴天气预报因子,在此基础上基于二级逻辑回归法建立潜势预报模型（预报方程和消空方程）,最后进行数据的回代检验。结果表明：对流有效位能、K指数、850 hPa比湿、850与500 hPa假相当位温差、回波顶高、1.5º仰角基本反射率、3.4º仰角基本反射率、垂直累积液态水含量为雷暴天气的主要预报因子,据此建立的潜势预报模型对双流机场雷暴天气的预报具有一定指示性,且综合来看在夏季的预报效果更好。     

垂直能量螺旋度在双流机场雷暴预报中的应用

文章引入垂直能量螺旋度指数的概念,并利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,将其应用于双流机场2011年5月8—9日出现的雷暴天气过程,并对2009—2012年双流机场出现的32次雷暴天气过程进行统计,验证垂直能量螺旋度指数的有效性及普适性。结果表明,该指数综合反映了对流天气发生时的热力效应和动力效应,有明确的物理意义,是诊断和预报强对流天气的有效指数;垂直能量螺旋度对预报双流机场未来3h以内的雷暴天气有一定的指示意义,雷暴天气一般出现在垂直能量螺旋度大于0.62×10-5J·m·kg-1·s-2的条件下。     

T213数值预报产品在一次重大天气过程中的应用

2002年4月16日夜间到17日白天，全省普降中到大雨，出现1个大暴雨、7个暴雨、13个县市伴有短时大风和冰雹，此次过程为今春第一场大范围的雷雨冰雹和大-暴雨天气过程。应用T213数值预报产品，我台对本次过程做出了成功的预报。     

双流机场低云的分析及预报

通过对成都双流国际机场气象台１９８６－１９９５年１０年的地面观测资料进行分析,总结出符合双流机场低云变化客观实际的规律,同时对这１０年中出现低云的较典型的天气过程进行归纳和整理,建立双流机场低云的预报模式,供民航气象人员及相关人员参考。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...