Preliminary site classification of free-field strong motion stations based on Wenchuan earthquake records

During the great Wenchuan earthquake, about 460 permanent free-field stations in National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) of China captured the main shock acceleration records. These records can be applied to site effect analyses, and then the site classification of those permanent stations can be carried out firstly, which will served as the fundamental information for further research. In this paper, the site of near-fault stations is classified by horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (...     

汶川M_S8.0地震的强余震流动观测

2008年5月12日汶川大地震发生后,中国地震局迅速组织开展了强余震流动观测,沿龙门山断裂附近布设了59台强震动仪器.在观测期间发生了万余次余震,流动观测台网获得了2000多组3分量的强余震记录.本文介绍了流动观测台布设的技术方法与关键步骤,初步处理了2008年5月25日青川6.4级最大余震的地震动记录,并分析了此次地震动衰减特征.此次流动观测充分表明,在大地震发生后,及时有效地开展强震动流动观测是十分必要的,其获得的余震地震动记录可为进一步的科研工作提供宝贵的基础资料.     

攀枝花M_S6.1地震余震强震动流动观测

对2008年8月30日攀枝花发生的6.1级地震强余震流动观测记录进行了分析处理,绘制了余震等值线图,讨论r相关问题.通过对P波分析看出:P波显示出明显的方向性,强余震的地震动加速度时程呈现出多普勒效应.为今后强震动观测资料的使用及强震动流动台站的布设,提供了有益的经验.     

Ground motion attenuation of M_s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

The great MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake has been the most destructive earthquake since 1949 in China. The earthquake occurred no more than half a year after the establishment of the National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) of China; what is more, the epicenter was located in the area with dense strong motion observation stations so that a large number of strong motion records of the main shock were obtained. In this paper, 501 strong motion records from 167 observation stations are utilized to...     

Ground motion attenuation of MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

The great M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake has been the most destructive earthquake since 1949 in China. The earthquake occurred no more than half a year after the establishment of the National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) of China; what is more, the epicenter was located in the area with dense strong motion observation stations so that a large number of strong motion records of the main shock were obtained. In this paper, 501 strong motion records from 167 observation stations are utilized to establish the ground motion attenuation relations in three directions in the range of fault distance less than 600 km. The result shows the difference of seismic motion attenuation in two horizontal directions is insignificant. It is the first time that strong-motion records are used to establish the ground motion attenuation relations of the M_S8.0 earthquake in China.

     

Improved HVSR site classification method for free-field strong motion stations validated with Wenchuan aftershock recordings

Local site conditions play an important role in the effective application of strong motion recordings.In the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System(NSMONS),some of the stations do not provide borehole information,and correspondingly,do not assign the site classes yet.In this paper,site classification methodologies for free-field strong motion stations are reviewed and the limitations and uncertainties of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR) methods are discussed.Then,a new method for site classification based on the entropy weight theory is proposed.The proposed method avoids the head or tail joggle phenomenon by providing the objective and subjective weights.The method was applied to aftershock recordings from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,and 54 free-field NSMONS stations were selected for site classification and the mean HVSRs were calculated.The results show that the improved HVSR method proposed in this paper has a higher success rate and could be adopted in NSMONS.     

Site effects by generalized inversion technique using strong motion recordings of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

The generalized inversion of S-wave amplitude spectra from the free-field strong motion recordings of the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) are used to evaluate the site effects in the Wenchuan area. In this regard, a total of 602 recordings from 96 aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake with magnitudes of M3.7-M6.5 were selected as a dataset. These recordings were obtained from 28 stations at a hypocenter distance ranging from 30 km to 150 km. The inversion results have been verified as reliable by comparing the site response at station 62WUD using the Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT) and the Standard Spectral Ratio method (SSR). For all 28 stations, the site predominant frequency F _p and the average site amplification in different frequency bands of 1.0–5.0 Hz, 5.0–10.0 Hz and 1.0–10.0 Hz have been calculated based on the inversion results. Compared with the results from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method, it shows that the HVSR method can reasonably estimate the site predominant frequency but underestimates the site amplification. The linear fitting between the average site amplification for each frequency band and the V _s20 (the average uppermost-20 m shear wave velocity) shows good correlation. A distance measurement called the asperity distance D _Aspt is proposed to reasonably characterize the source-to-site distance for large earthquakes. Finally, the inversed site response is used to identify the soil nonlinearity in the main shock and aftershocks of Wenchuan earthquake. In ten of the 28 stations analyzed in the main shock, the soil behaved nonlinearly, where the ground motion level is apparently beyond a threshold of PGA > 300 cm/s² or PGV > 20 cm/s, and only one station coded 51SFB has evidence of soil nonlinear behavior in the aftershocks.     

甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震强震动观测记录与初步分析

2013年7月22日甘肃省定西市岷县漳县交界(东经104.2°,北纬34.5°)发生M6.6地震。甘肃强震动台网在该地区覆盖良好,获得了丰富的主震加速度记录。本文收集整理了此次地震中各强震动台站获得的加速度记录资料并进行了基本处理;经统计分析绘出了峰值加速度分布图。     

典型强震动加速度仪一致性检验

针对两种典型强震动加速度仪,ETNA与MR2002,利用汶川地震强余震流动观测进行了两仪器的一致性检验.通过架设在同一仪器墩上的2种强震动加速度仪在5次余震事件中所获取加速度记录的波形、峰值、傅里叶振幅谱及反应谱的对比分析可知,ETNA仪器记录的峰值加速度与MR2002仪器记录的峰值加速度间的最大相对误差达23.6％,且南北向峰值加速度差异大于东西向和竖向,竖向明显小于两水平向;反应谱及傅里叶谱变化趋势基本相同,只是幅值存在些微差异,且竖向谱值相差最小,明显小于两水平向,反应谱最大相对误差近5％,相对于低频反应谱,高频反应谱差异较大;此外,亦存在两仪器记录时程曲线反向、记录时间长度不等、触发点不同等差异.经分析认为,这些差异主要是由于两种不同仪器性能上的微差异、仪器参数设置不同、以及触发滤波算法不同等因素引起的.     

汶川地震强余震统计特性及地震动衰减关系

2008年"5·12"汶川特大地震发生后,固定及流动台站获得了数量可观的余震地震动数据,为地震危险性分析和地震动衰减规律研究提供了丰富的数据。通过Gutenberg-Richter关系分析得到汶川地震余震震级-频度分布（FMD）,结合Båth定律预估得到逼近实际的最大预估余震震级,基于修正的Omori定律拟合得到余震发生率与主震后时间的关系。主余震统计特性显示M_s4.0~6.4范围内的余震记录震中距及震级分布相对均匀,可作为建立地震动衰减规律的依据。故针对土层地表及基岩地表分别进行了EW、NS和UD三个方向的统计回归分析,给出了2种地表情况下三向地震动峰值加速度的定量衰减关系表达式。     

2013年8月新疆乌鲁木齐市5.1级地震强震动记录及特征分析

2013年8月30日乌鲁木齐市发生M_S5.1地震,乌鲁木齐烈度速报台网有32个强震动台触发获得了主震加速度记录。选取23条强震动记录进行常规处理,统计强震动记录数量随震中距分布,对比分析此次地震峰值加速度(PGA)与新疆土层加速度衰减关系;并利用强震动数据对此次地震进行定位,定位结果对应台站震中距与到时线性度较好;最后分析了典型强震动台站记录特性与建筑物震害及工程震害相关性。     

汶川地震在江苏的强震动记录及地震影响场

2008年5月12日四川汶川发生M8．0大地震,江苏数字强震动台网固定观测台站、宿迁和溧阳断层观测存放台阵共获取该次地震有效强震动事件45个,计134条加速度记录。本文介绍了这些强震动记录分析处理的基本情况及其时域与频域的一些特点;编写SICalculate谱烈度计算程序和D2InterP二维插值程序,输入所获取的汶川地震26组实测强震动记录数据,得到该次地震在江苏地区的峰值加速度与谱烈度的等值线图,并就区域内地震影响场特征进行了初步研究。     

2008年汶川地震后的三次强余震地表峰值加速度衰减场研究

利用甘肃省强震动台站获取的2008年汶川地震后的三次强余震记录资料,分别研究了在甘肃南部地区的地表自由场加速度衰减场,认为地震引起的地表峰值加速度(PGA)随震中距的衰减基本都遵从幂指数规律,衰减的形式基本相同,但是三次强余震的衰减指数之间也存在着一定的差异.因此要得到陇南地区的中强地震动衰减的普遍规律,尚需做进一步的研究.     

鲁甸 MS6.5级地震强震动记录及震害分析

2014年8月3日发生的鲁甸地震是我国继2013年芦山地震之后的又一次破坏性浅源地震,造成了严重的人员伤亡和工程结构破坏.本文处理了我国数字强震动台网捕获的60余组主震三分量强震动记录,绘制了震中附近区域的峰值加速度等值线图,长轴沿西北-东南方向展布.通过与中国西部常用衰减关系的对比,发现各模型的预测值均不同程度高估了峰值加速度、峰值速度的观测值.最后以水平向峰值加速度较大的三个典型台站为例,详细调查了附近建筑的破坏情况,结合宏观烈度分布结果,分析了地震动特征与震害的相关性.     

The strong ground motion observation for the Wenchuan aftershock

In this paper, the mobile strong ground motion observation for the destructive earthquake is introduced.Considering the characteristics and its spatial distributions of aftershock, 59 strong ground motion instruments were installed along the Longmenshan fault area, and more than 2 000 records have been accumulated.It shows that it is necessary to per-form the mobile strong ground motion observation after the destructive earthquake, and the precious collected data could be applied for further research.     

汶川地震强余震场地非线性反应

采用汶川地震强余震26个强震动台站记录,基于H/V谱比法,计算台站场地的强、弱震作用下场地卓越频率之比R_(fp)和体现强、弱震作用下场地H/V谱比曲线差异程度的DNL,进而识别并分析场地非线性反应特征。结果显示,R_(fp)、DNL与PGA之间存在显著相关性;其中10个台站出现明显的场地非线性反应特征;大部分台站发生场地非线性反应的PGA阈值为100 cm/s~2,部分为50 cm/s~2;实例证明,因某些台站不易通过H/V谱比法识别场地卓越频率,因此采用R_(fp)识别场地非线性反应具有一定局限性。     

九寨沟MS7.0地震强地震动模拟及漳扎镇地震动强度预测

破坏性地震强度预测可用于工程领域抗震设防以及地震危险性分析评估,是防震减灾中一项很重要的基础工作.为了再现九寨沟地震的地震动强度,评估缺失强震记录的九寨章扎台站的地震动强度,本文用经验格林函数法对九寨沟地震进行了数值模拟.选取了震源周边地震动峰值加速度超过10 Gal的10个强震台站进行模拟.因未得到九寨沟地震的余震,初次尝试将汶川地震和定西地震的余震作为格林函数模拟九寨沟地震.模拟结果整体上可以反映各台站地震动的强度特征,尤其是地震动高频成份拟合较好.模拟值的地震动峰值加速度、时程数据、反应谱等与观测值拟合较好.预测结果显示漳扎镇的地震动峰值加速度值约为180~200 Gal.预测结果也表明在缺少大震的余震记录时,经验格林函数法使用其他大震的余震同样可以再现目标地震的强度特征.本研究也为经验格林函数方法在缺乏小震记录地区的使用积累了经验.最后总结了格林函数的选取标准,为经验格林函数方法来预测未来强震动特征积累了经验.     

2016年3月21日金塔县M_S 4.7地震强震动记录分析

2016年3月21日11时29分甘肃省酒泉市金塔县发生M_S 4.7地震,甘肃省强震动台网中心收集到5组三分向加速度记录,常规处理后得到15条零基线校正后的三分向峰值加速度(PGA),选取土层台基类型的62XID台站加速度记录(PGA数值最大)进行分析,绘制校正后的加速度、速度和位移时程曲线及加速度反应谱,为中国西部工程震害调查提供参考资料。     

2009年姚安mS6.0强震动应急观测

介绍了2009年姚安Ms6.0地震强震动应急流动观测台站的布设、记录获取及初步处理结果等情况,并对此次地震余震的高加速度峰值、低地震烈度等有关问题予以讨论,结果认为:场地条件对地面地震动峰值影响较大;高地震动峰值的相对持时短是此次4.7级余震震害轻的主要原因.     

基于Matlab的强震数据处理技术实现

强震动观测数据通常由强震仪原始二进制加速度记录组成,在国内外相关强震数据库下载的强震记录均为解码、处理后的ASCII格式文本文件,非原始文件,记录格式不同,但均由数据头段和数据区2部分组成。以我国未校正加速度记录(UA)数据格式为例,探讨基于Matlab程序的强震数据处理技术,并识别记录的地震动特性,为强震数据多领域应用提供技术支持。