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RHtest方法对我国降水资料的均一性检验试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用RHtest方法结合台站元数据信息对我国1725个气象台站1961-2009年月降水资料进行了均一性检验试验和订正,并以波密站、元阳站和巢湖站为例介绍了检验过程.结果表明:该方法能够适用于对我国降水资料均一性检验且具有较高的应用前景.2400台站高密度月降水资料的使用更加有益于参考序列的选取,采用数理统计分析和结合元数据主观判断的方式来对序列进行均一性检验更加合理.检验出存在非均一性断点的台站仅占2.1%,表明我国降水资料序列均一性情况良好,台站较大距离的迁移是造成部分降水序列非均一的重要原因之一.对检验出存在断点的降水序列采用RHtest提供的订正方法进行了订正和趋势分析,发现订正后降水序列的年变化趋势具有明显的改变,均一性也有很大改善. 相似文献
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该文对1961—2002年我国长江三角洲地区36个地面观测站的年、月降水资料序列作均一性检验和订正试验, 以探讨我国年、月降水气候观测序列的均一化方法和思路。该文首先从与待检台站序列相关性较好、台站距离较近的台站中选取了若干站点作为待检台站的参考台站建立参考序列, 采用传统的标准正态检验 (SNHT) 方法, 对所研究的地区年降水的均一性进行了检验。检验结果显示, 该地区降水序列中存在非均一性现象。考虑到所选地区站点密度仍然不够, 文中还采用了一种不依赖于参考台站的思路, 对上述检验结果进行了进一步确认后, 最后对不连续序列进行了逐月订正调整。对比分析表明, 对序列的订正较为合理。在已有的研究基础上, 结合我国台站网络实际特点, 提出结合不同思路来研究我国降水量数据均一性是必要的和可行的, 应用该思路对于我国降水序列进行均一性研究具有一定的合理性和应用前景。 相似文献
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本文利用最新发布的RHtest软件包中的惩罚最大T检验(PMT)方法并结合各个台站的历史沿革信息对重庆地区所属的34个气象观测台站从建站到2010年的月降水序列进行了均一性检测,并用RHtest软件包中的惩罚最大F检验(PMFT)方法对其进行了验证,结果表明该方法能很好的应用于月降水序列的均一性检验,在被检测的34个台站中,仅3个台站被检测出了间断点,表明重庆大部分台站降水资料均一性情况良好,台站远距离迁移是引起月降水序列非均一性的主要原因。对检验出存在断点的降水序列采用最新发布的RHtest软件包提供的均值订正方法进行了订正,并对订正前后的降水序列进行气候趋势分析,分析发现,订正前后降水序列的年变化趋势具有明显的改变。 相似文献
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豫北地区气温、降水变化的时空分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用中国国家级地面气象站均一化数据集中1971—2010年豫北地区28个测站的温度、降水资料,基于GIS技术对该地区温度和降水变化的时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明:豫北地区气温整体呈升高的趋势,其中冬春季节升温明显。气温变率空间分布表现为北中部增温明显,东部和西部增温幅度较小。降水变化各季节差异较大,春季降水整体呈现增加趋势,其他季节各地降水增减不一;空间变化分布特征为太行山沿线西部山区降水减少趋势明显,东部地区降水略有增加趋势。从整体变化情况来看,豫北地区的气候变化区域间差异加大,局地性变化趋向不稳定。文中用温度与降水的趋势比来分析豫北地区的干旱化发生趋势,结果发现太行山沿线干旱化趋势明显,沿黄河区域干旱化趋势较低,太行山脉和黄河是导致豫北地区气候变化区域性分布的主要地形因子。 相似文献
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以山西五台山地面观测站为例,对建站(1957年1月)至2005年的年、季节平均气温、最高和最低气温、相对湿度和降水观测资料序列作均一性分析,结合历史沿革变化(包括迁站、仪器变化和观测业务改变等),得出这些因素对不同气候要素均一性的影响情况.从与该站不同要素序列相关性较好、水平距离最近的台站中选取若干站点作为待检台站的参考台站建立了各自的参考序列作为均一性检查的对比序列,采用国际上应用较为广泛的标准正态检验(SNHT)方法分别对各种要素进行了统计学检验.对统计方法得到的不连续点(不均一性产生年份)进行了总结分析,发现台站迁移对于温度、相对湿度观测序列的均一性带来的影响非常明显,其中对最高气温序列影响最为显著,达到5.5℃.深入分析还表明,迁址对各要素的影响程度各有区别:对相对湿度的年均和春季序列也产生了较为明显的非均一性,而对降水量的影响则并不显著.综合分析表明,常用观测要素的均一性检验和订正是局地气候变化检测的基础环节,但不同要素的均一性受到各种因素影响的表现程度各不相同,需要加以区别和深入研究. 相似文献
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中国降水量序列均一性分析方法及数据集更新完善 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于中国气象局国家气象信息中心2012年发布的《中国国家级地面气象站基本气象要素日值数据集(V3.0)》,选取一定空间范围内相关性、数据完整性均较好的邻近站降水资料,构建参考序列,结合标准正态检验和台站历史沿革信息对我国2342个台站年、月降水资料进行均一性检验。采用相关系数权重平均方法和一阶差分方法相结合得到参考序列,以降低因计算方法和邻近站序列长度不一致等引起的参考序列不确定性。最终结果显示:98个台站降水序列存在断点,仅占总站数的4.2%。采用比值法订正上述非均一性的降水序列,订正后的序列在一定程度上消除了人为因素的干扰,部分台站降水量变化趋势(1960-2009年)异常的问题得到改善。 相似文献
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采用SNHT方法.结合台站历史沿革信息,对塔城地区气象(候)站1960--2006年的年平均温度、年平均最低温度序列进行均一性检验。结果表明,年平均温度资料质量基本可靠,站址迁移是引起年最低温度非均一性的主要原因: 相似文献
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E. V. Gurevich 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2011,36(2):130-133
Results of investigations of the winter river runoff formation in the Northern Dvina River basin (without the Vychegda River basin) are under consideration. The peculiarities of the winter runoff formation are revealed from the analysis of the conditions of the runoff reduction in different parts of the river basin. A regulatory effect of the upper links of the river net on the lower links is established. 相似文献
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查明地下水与河水之间的水力联系,是研究浑河污染水体对地下水环境影响的前提。采用环境同位素技术研究浑河沿岸地下水演化规律,沿浑河冲洪积扇地下水流动方向取地下水样13个、河水样3个。结果表明:通过对水样进行D(氘)、18O分析,查明了浑河与地下水之间的水力联系,确定了河水对地下水的补给宽度,定量计算了河水对沿岸地下水的贡献比例。从浑河的上游至下游,河水对地下水的贡献比例由大变小,平均约为50%;河水对地下水强补给带位于浑河以南约1 km的范围内,二者的水力联系密切。 相似文献
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E. V. Gurevich 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(9):628-633
Influence of air temperature and ice cover thickness on the Aldan catchment rivers runoff in the wintertime is analysed. It
was revealed, that decrease in the river ice cover thickness in warm winters leads to increasing discharge capacity of river
channels, which causes increasing river runoff. A regional relationship which describes correlation between the runoff depletion
rate and the air temperature sums in the first half of winter and the ice cover accumulation intensity was obtained. 相似文献
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Some numerical models of various degrees of complexity for studying river atmosphere heat exchange are discussed. Also described are issues related to obtaining the basic meteorological and the required hydrological data. As meteorological and hydrological parameters vary strongly within one year and from year to year, a large amount of information has to be collected and analysed for obtaining a representative picture.The necessary effort depends clearly on the application. It is much larger, when the absolute temperature and the transient response have to be calculated, than when only the average temperature increase due to anthropogenic heat discharges is of interest.Results for the exchange of radiative, latent and sensible heat between atmosphere and water surface including the overall exchange coefficient are given for 21 years, in detail for Basel and summarised for 8 locations along the Rhein. Yearly averages vary little, monthly averages show the expected seasonal variation. 相似文献
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Based on the analysis of the measurements of hydrometeorological characteristics, the identification is corroborated of the Neva River flood waves as the baroclinic topographic waves. It is demonstrated that during the formation and maximum development of the most significant sea level rises in the Neva Bay, the stratification in the Gulf of Finland still remains pronounced despite the storm conditions. The baroclinic nature of the flood wave is indicated by the significant changes in the dispersion of currents with depth with their direction changing to the reverse one as it occurs in the first baroclinic mode wave. Directions of major axes of the standard deviation ellipses are oriented not along the isobaths as it should be in case of long gravity waves (being the longitudinal ones) but are extended across the bottom topography contours that is typical of gradient-vorticity waves assigned to the class of horizontal transverse waves. 相似文献
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I. I. Silin 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(6):400-405
The underground waters in small river basins in central Russia are recharged as a result of the atmospheric precipitation infiltration on the catchment and river water inflow to the horizons hydraulically connected with the river. In the first case, the atmospheric precipitation on its way of transit is being enriched in elements of water-bearing rocks, in the second case, of the surface runoff and domestic wastes waters. Both fluxes get mixed at the coastal water withdrawals of underground water. Some regularities in the drinking water quality formation connected with climatic conditions and water use regime were established based on geochemical and hydrodynamic studies of underground waters of the Protva River basin deposits. 相似文献
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R. N. Makhmudov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(9):635-639
Urgent current problems, namely, the climate change and its effects on river runoffare considered. The regional climate change at different altitudes and in separate regions of Azerbaijan is studied using long-term data of hydrometeorological observations. The trend towards the decrease in annual river runoff and peak flood discharge as well as towards the increase in winter (low-water) runoff is observed due to the influence of regional climate change. 相似文献