豫西南栾川地区铅锌矿床碳、氧同位素地球化学

豫西南地区铅锌矿产勘查工作近年来进展迅速,尤其在栾川地区先后发现十余处铅锌银多金属矿脉群、上百条含矿断裂带,铅、锌、银资源前景广阔。对该区铅锌矿的科学研究丰富了华北陆块南缘区域成矿学认识,并促进了进一步找矿勘查工作。栾川地区铅锌矿产在燕山期斑岩体周围矽卡岩中和外围的断裂带(脉状)中。脉状铅锌矿脉石矿物碳酸盐C、O同位素的组成(赤土店矿床1δ3C为-3.66‰~-2.82‰,1δ8O为10.31‰~15.86‰;百炉沟矿床1δ3C为-3.00‰~1.80‰,1δ8O为9.40‰~17.70‰;冷水北沟矿床1δ3C为-4.90‰~-0.40‰,1δ8O为6.00‰~12.50‰)介于典型海相石灰岩(1δ3C为0±2‰,1δ8O为28‰~30‰)和岩浆岩(1δ3C为-3‰~-30‰,1δ8O为6‰~12‰;地幔1δ3C为-7‰~-5‰)之间,指示成矿流体、成矿物质的岩浆和地层双重作用、两种来源特点。综合分析认为,栾川地区铅锌矿有矽卡岩型和岩浆热液充填-交代型两种。     

安徽铜陵朝山金矿床地质特征及成因研究

朝山金矿床位于安徽铜陵狮子山矿田内,与成矿相关的侵入岩体为白芒山辉石闪长岩.文章通过对朝山金矿床矿石矿物含金性和方解石-黄铁矿脉内方解石及碳酸盐岩全岩碳、氧同位素研究,探讨朝山金矿床中金的赋存状态和矿床成因.矿石矿物电子探针测试表明,朝山金矿床矿石矿物中毒砂、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿含金性较好.C,O同位素测试表明,方解石-黄铁矿脉内方解石中的δ(13CPDB)=-2.57×10-3～-4.87×10-3,δ(18OPDB)=-15.68×10-3～-17.33×10-3,δ(18OSMOW)=13.05×10-3～14.74×10-3,碳酸盐岩全岩中δ(13CPDB)=0.88×10-3～1.97×10-3,δ(18OPDB)=-7.55×10-3～-9.12×10-3,δ(18OSMOW)=21.46×10-3～23.08×10-3,说明朝山金矿床的成矿物质主要来源于岩浆或深部地壳流体.伴随着成矿作用的进行,朝山金矿床经历了从高温到低温热液蚀变过程,同时混入了地壳上部沉积物.     

康家湾铅锌矿床方解石的稀土元素和碳-氧同位素地球化学特征

湖南康家湾铅锌矿床是水口山铅锌矿田的重要组成部分,是一个发现较晚、埋深较深的隐伏矿床。作者对该矿2种不同产状的方解石进行了稀土元素和碳-氧同位素研究。研究表明,该矿与黄铁矿、铅锌矿共生的团块状方解石的稀土元素含量较低(4.11×10~(-6)~38.09×10~(-6)),并表现出LREE富集型的配分模式。胶结方铅矿和闪锌矿的脉状方解石,其稀土元素含量更低(1.52×10~(-6)~5.57×10~(-6)),大体表现出MREE富集型的配分模式,轻稀土略微亏损。2类方解石野外产状不同,稀土元素含量差别明显,REE配分模式也不同,暗示其成矿流体性质不同,流体来源也可能不同。这2类方解石的C、O同位素组成亦存在明显差别,脉状方解石的δ~(13)C低于块状方解石,但其δ~(18)O明显大于后者。理论模拟结果表明,该矿方解石的形成是流体沸腾CO_2去气和温度降低造成的,此外大气降水的加入也起到一定的作用。团块状方解石成矿流体的可溶性碳以HCO-3为主,其δ~(13)C、δ~(18)O值分别为-4‰和5‰,是混入了45%左右大气降水的岩浆热液。脉状方解石的成矿流体是来源不同的岩浆热液且混入约10%的大气降水,其可溶性碳以H_2CO_3为主,δ~(13)C、δ~(18)O值分别为-6‰和5‰。     

扬子板块北缘马元铅锌矿床两类矿石地球化学特征及其对成矿作用的制约

对马元铅锌矿白云石-硫化物型和重晶石-硫化物型矿石中的热液矿物白云石和重晶石的同位素和稀土元素地球化学特征对比研究表明,白云石的δ~(13)CPDB为-2.51×10-3~0.93×10-3,δ18OSMOW为17.55×10~(-3)~23.24×10~(-3),说明成矿流体中碳、氧来源于震旦系碳酸盐岩的溶解;锶同位素组成(0.711 46)表明Sr来源以壳源锶为主,可能与富放射性锶的上覆碎屑岩或下伏基底变质火山岩有关;稀土元素具有明显的正Eu异常(δEu平均为1.415),表明白云石-硫化物型矿化流体具有盆地中循环热卤水特点。重晶石的硫同位素(平均为33×10~(-3))具有富重硫且分布均一的特点,暗示硫可能来源于富集重硫的单一海相硫酸盐;Sr同位素(0.709 18~0.709 71)特征表明其来源以海水锶为主,有少量壳源锶加入;稀土元素具有明显负Ce异常(δCe平均为0.255)和正Eu异常(δEu平均为1.43),表明重晶石--硫化物型矿化有关的流体可能是海水(或大气降水)与盆地循环热流体混合的结果。白云石--硫化物型矿石和重晶石-硫化物型矿石的沉淀可能是盆地中循环热卤水与海水(或大气降水)两种端元组分以不同比例混合的结果。     

南秦岭山阳-柞水矿集区大西沟-银硐子铁-银-铅锌-铜矿床磁铁矿地球化学特征:对矿床成因的约束

大西沟-银硐子铁-银-铅锌-铜矿床位于中秦岭晚古生代弧前盆地的山阳-柞水矿集区内,矿床产于中泥盆统大西沟组中,主要发育有与地层产状相同的磁铁矿矿石、含重晶石-菱铁矿的纹层状磁铁矿矿石、磁铁矿-硫化物(黄铁矿、黄铜矿)-石英脉型及块状磁铁矿矿石。通过对4种不同矿化类型矿石的磁铁矿进行电子探针及微量、稀土元素的分析,结果显示不同类型的磁铁矿FeOt含量与Al_2O_3,CoO,MgO,SiO_2质量分数整体上均呈负相关关系;从顺层产出的矿石到块状、脉状及纹层状矿石,磁铁矿的FeOt质量分数(分别为49.65%~84.18%,91.5%8~93.39%,92.69%~93.6%,92.25%~93.39%)在逐渐增加,说明有后期含铁物质的富集。在w(TiO_2)-w(Al_2O_3)-w(MgO+MnO)和w(MgO)-w(TiO_2)-w(Al_2O_3)图解中,大西沟-银硐子矿床的磁铁矿表现出既有热水沉积成因,也有热液成因的特征。同时不同产出状态的磁铁矿均富集Mg,Mn元素,并具有相对较低的Ti(6.82×10~(-6)~451×10~(-6),平均324×10~(-6)),V(11.5×10~(-6)~625×10~(-6),平均378×10~(-6)),Sc(0.78×10~(-6)~1.49×10~(-6),平均1.03×10~(-6))质量分数及Co/Ni,Zn/V和Sn/Ga比值,显示具有热液成因特征,而且从层状矿石到块状、脉状及纹层状矿石,热液作用具有逐渐增强的趋势。不同矿化类型的磁铁矿均表现出明显的负Eu异常,但从层状矿石(δEu为0.32)到块状(δEu为0.72)、脉状(δEu为0.48~0.79)及纹层状矿石(δEu为0.57~0.58),负Eu异常逐渐减弱,说明整个成矿环境的氧化性在逐渐增强,但总体仍处于还原环境。因此,研究表明大西沟-银硐子矿床在成矿作用过程中受到后期热液活动影响,成矿作用发生于氧化性增强,还原性减弱的成矿环境。     

吉林临江荒沟山铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

为确定临江荒沟山铅锌矿床成矿流体特征及矿床形成机制,笔者对矿区主成矿阶段(多金属硫化物阶段)中的铅锌矿石进行了流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温及稳定同位素研究。结果显示,包裹体均为气液两相包裹体,属NaCl-H_2O体系,且成矿流体具有中温(209℃~276℃)、中盐度(1.98~16.34wt%)、低密度(0.79~0.96 g/cm~3)的特点;成矿压力约为16.8~33.0 MPa,成矿深度为1.68~3.30 km。氢氧同位素结果显示δ~(18)O_(H_2O)和δD值分别为3.3×10~(-3)~9.9×10~(-3),-115×10~(-3)~-74.8×10~(-3),结合碳氧同位素δ~(18)O-δ~(13)C图解说明成矿流体以幔源流体为主,可能有大气降水混入。硫同位素δ~(34)S值为2.6×10~(-3)~18.9×10~(-3),具有富集重硫的特点;铅同位素~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值分别为15.43~15.57,15.25~15.33,34.88~35.07,说明成矿物质来源于珍珠门组地层,但不排除有深源物质混入。结合区域地质,认为该矿床的成因类型为中温热液脉型铅锌矿,形成于环太平洋体系向华北板块俯冲的构造背景下,形成时代为燕山晚期。     

黔北桑木场背斜灯影组热液白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征

本文利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,分析了习水桑木场背斜核部铅锌矿赋矿热液蚀变白云岩的稀土元素组成,并初步探讨了白云岩化与铅锌矿化间的关系。铅锌矿体旁侧工程中白云岩样品的测试显示:有部分样品Zn含量超过200×10-6,具有矿化显示;全部样品∑REE很低(∑REE=0.82～5.96×10-6),具有明显的Ce负异常(δCe=0.37～0.68),除个别有矿化显示的白云岩样品具有正Eu异常(δEu=1.15～2.40)外,其余样品均具有负Eu异常(δEu=0.56～0.80)。在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上,全部样品均呈现轻稀土富集特征。综合研究,认为白云岩化热液流体具有轻稀土富集及Eu和Ce负异常特征,而氧化还原环境的变化可能是导致本区铅锌矿化的重要因素。     

新疆库斯拉甫一带铅锌矿床成矿模式初探

新疆库斯拉甫一带铅锌矿床数量众多,规模巨大,主要包括卡兰古、乌苏里克、托库孜阿特和托吾白等矿床。矿石中w(Ba)很高,为776×10~(-6)~15 511×10~(-6)(平均6 495×10~(-6)),Th/U值为0.42~1.26(平均0.91),稀土元素含量较低,ΣREE仅为27.4×10~(-6)~87.5×10~(-6)(平均49.9×10~(-6)),矿石的δEu为0.68~1.05(除一特高值2.53外),具有弱负Eu异常。矿石的Pb同位素表生年龄为461 Ma~508 Ma,δ~(34)S为-26.2‰~+3.4‰,范围较为宽泛,δD_(SMOW)值为-114‰~-70‰(平均-92‰);δ~(18) O_(SMOW)值为-1.70‰~-15.2‰(平均-8.24‰),图6中靠近大气降水线附近。综合分析认为铅锌矿床主要形成于有海底热水活动相对贫氧的非典型淡水海相环境,区域上西侧的寒武纪中酸性侵入岩和奥陶纪地层可能为铅锌矿的形成提供了初始的成矿物质来源,成矿流体主要以大气降水为主,成矿与低温热卤水关系密切,印支造山期后侏罗纪的伸展拉伸构造为成矿热卤水及海底热液的上涌提供了通道。     

福建李坊重晶石矿床中硅质岩硅、氧同位素组成及成因意义

福建李坊大型重晶石矿床围岩中发育层状硅质岩,为了研究硅质岩的成因,本文对14件硅质岩样品进行了硅、氧同位素分析。结果表明:δ(~(30)Si)分布范围为-0.3×10~(-3)～+0.1×10~(-3),平均值为-0.1×10~(-3);δ(~(18)O)分布范围为10.6×10-3～18.9×10-3,平均值为14.7×10~(-3)。基于该层状硅质岩的δ(~(30)Si)和δ(~(18)O)分布范围特征,结合野外地质调查研究工作的认识,该硅质岩应为原生沉积成因,二氧化硅来源于热水沉积;根据燧石-海水氧同位素地质温度计估算石英的形成温度为100.2℃—198.7℃,平均值为146.0℃,即该硅质岩形成于热水沉积,暗示李坊重晶石矿床形成于热水沉积作用。     

黑龙江漠河元宝山金矿地质及地球化学特征与找矿方向

采用地质、物探、化探找矿方法,对漠河元宝山金矿进行综合研究。结果表明,目前已发现矿体4条,矿化体3条,Au平均品位2.15×10~(-6);赋矿地层为侏罗系中统漠河组;控矿构造为NEE向漠河推覆构造。磁场强度ΔT值一般在-30~20 nT,ΔΤ最大值为133.1 n T;视极化率最大值为23.58%,平均值为10.58%;视电阻率一般在500Ω·m以下,最高为1 200Ω·m,显示物探异常具低阻、高极化特征。漠河组地层金元素丰度值为8.06×10~(-9),标准离差为0.25,变化系数为0.912。黄铁矿δ~(34)S值为3.3×10~(-3)~5.3×10~(-3),极差为2.5×10~(-3),平均值为4.5×10~(-3),具有岩浆硫特点;石英中流体包裹体的δ18O值为5.2×10~(-3)~9.6×10~(-3),δD值为-125×10~(-3)~-112×10~(-3),δ18O和δD变化范围较大,反映在成矿过程中有大气降水加入。根据地质和物化探异常特征等综合信息,认为矿区西部小金沟(HS-8水系组合异常)有良好的找矿前景。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)