带压开采煤层底板破坏深度理论分析及数值模拟——以陕西澄合矿区董家河煤矿5号煤层为例

随着煤矿开采深度的不断增加,带压开采已经成为深部矿井普遍应用的一种采煤方法,而带压水上采煤的关键问题之一是确定采动引起的底板破坏深度。针对董家河煤矿5号煤层开采引起的底板采动破坏深度开展相关研究,以该矿的507综采工作面开采为工程背景,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的办法,动态再现了整个底板岩层渐进破坏过程,并得出底板岩层的最大破坏深度为10-11 m,该结果与现场实测结果一致;同时给出了该矿底板岩层破坏深度与工作面斜长和埋深关系的经验公式。该结论为董家河煤矿带压开采工作面煤层底板突水预测与防治提供了科学依据。     

带压开采煤层底板破坏深度理论分析及数值模拟——以陕西澄合矿区董家河煤矿5号煤层为例

随着煤矿开采深度的不断增加,带压开采已经成为深部矿井普遍应用的一种采煤方法,而带压水上采煤的关键问题之一是确定采动引起的底板破坏深度。针对董家河煤矿5号煤层开采引起的底板采动破坏深度开展相关研究,以该矿的507综采工作面开采为工程背景,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的办法,动态再现了整个底板岩层渐进破坏过程,并得出底板岩层的最大破坏深度为10~11 m,该结果与现场实测结果一致;同时给出了该矿底板岩层破坏深度与工作面斜长和埋深关系的经验公式。该结论为董家河煤矿带压开采工作面煤层底板突水预测与防治提供了科学依据。      

采动影响下的煤层底板岩层破坏特征——以团柏煤矿为例

研究采动影响对底板岩层的破坏范围,掌握矿压和水压对底板岩层作用的关系是煤矿防治底板水害的关键。团柏煤矿开采10煤和11煤,受到底板奥灰岩溶水的威胁,因此,以10煤为研究对象,采用煤层开采过程中底板监测钻孔的压水实验,研究采动影响范围和底板岩层的破坏深度。研究结果表明,10煤开采对底板岩层的破坏范围为10~12 m,横向影响范围40 m,峰值点位于6~20 m。该成果可为煤矿开采深部煤炭资源时进行底板突水预测预报提供技术支持。      

轩岗矿区刘家梁煤矿5号煤层带压开采突水危险性分析评价与防治

为了分析评价奥灰含水层对轩岗矿区刘家梁煤矿5号煤层开采威胁程度,确保矿井安全开采,根据矿井以往相关地质及水文地质资料,本文以刘家梁煤矿5号煤层底板带压开采水文地质条件为基础,通过对煤层底板奥灰含水层的富水性、隔水层的岩性组合特征、底板采动破坏深度等综合分析,利用煤层底板采动破坏深度计算分析和5号煤层底板突水系数计算等评价方法,对煤层开采发生底板奥灰突水的危险性进行了综合分析评价,得出了在完整底板情况下5号煤层可以安全回采,同时还提出了煤层带压开采的防治水技术措施。     

矿山压力对底板破坏深度监测研究

目前肥城煤田6 1%的煤炭储量受底板奥陶系灰岩岩溶水威胁,采场底板破坏深度的监测是该煤田底板水害防治的重要内容,选择肥城煤田曹庄井田8煤层和9煤层开采作为监测对象,利用向底板岩层注水方法监测岩层破坏情况。利用专利产品“钻孔双端封堵测漏监测仪”,监测煤层采前的底板原始裂隙发育程度和采后矿山压力底板的破坏深度。监测结果表明,8煤层开采造成的底板破坏深度可达36.5m;9煤层开采底板破坏深度可达14.2m。      

煤层底板破坏的断层效应模拟及其在防治水中的应用

梁北煤矿已发生5 次寒武系灰岩底板突水事故,造成重大经济损失。根据矿井的水文地质条件,建立了煤层开采的FLAC 数值模型,利用岩石力学及渗流力学理论,分别模拟了无断层和有断层条件下煤层底板采动破坏带的演化规律,重点讨论了断裂深度及断层空间位置对底板破坏深度的影响。结果表明,断层的存在可使底板采动破坏深度增加20%~33%,断层是突水重点防范区域,遇断层前10 m 直到过断层15 m 须加强防治水工作。根据模拟结果设计了梁北矿11041, 11151,11111 三个工作面底板的注浆加固工程,重点注浆层位分别为底板破坏范围和寒武系顶部裂隙发育带,注浆工程增强了底板的阻水能力,实现了工作面的安全回采。     

大采深工作面煤层底板采动破坏深度测试

针对邢东矿大采深的情况,利用现场底板注水试验对2121工作面底板采动破坏深度进行了测试研究,依据单位注水量的动态变化以及注水孔与采线之间的距离关系,确定了底板破坏深度。试验结果表明:该工作面底板破坏深度为32.5~35m,比300m采深以内的工作面实测深度(9.15~12.0m)增加2倍以上,说明随着开采深度的增加,煤层底板采动破坏深度呈明显增大的趋势,因此,在水压和破坏深度二者同时增加的条件下,2121工作面深部煤层开采的突水危险性远远大于浅部煤层。测试结果为邢东矿大采深工作面的防治水方案的制订提供了科学依据。      

倾斜煤层底板破坏特征的微震监测

带压开采是承压水上采煤的主要方法,底板采动破坏深度的确定是实现带压开采的关键和前提。针对底板采动破坏深度现场测量方法的局限性,特别是倾斜煤层（煤层倾角在25°～45°之间）底板采动破坏深度的现场测量。以桃园煤矿1066工作面为例,利用高精度微震监测技术,对承压水上倾斜煤层底板的采动破坏特征进行了连续的、动态监测。监测结果表明：（1）工作面运输巷（下顺槽）附近的底板比工作面回风巷（上顺槽）附近的底板破坏深度更深,破坏范围更大;（2）倾斜煤层工作面底板破坏形态整体呈现为一个下大上小的非对称形态。根据微震监测结果,确定了1066工作面回风巷和运输巷附近底板的最大破坏深度,划分了倾斜煤层工作面底板突水危险区域。将微震监测的倾斜煤层底板破坏深度与经验公式计算的底板破坏深度进行了对比,指出了经验公式存在的不足     

沿空留巷采煤对底板扰动破坏深度影响

以韩城矿区桑树坪煤矿下组煤3105工作面开采实际情况为背景,采用现场声波测试和数值模拟方法,对沿空留巷开采条件下煤层底板扰动破坏规律进行了研究。声波测试成果表明工作面底板扰动破坏深度为13.2~14.6 m,数值模拟成果显示工作面底板破坏深度为13.0~14.5 m,两种方法结果较为一致。通过与正常开采条件下底板破坏深度进行对比,结果表明,采用无煤柱式的沿空留巷开采技术不会对底板破坏深度造成较大影响。研究成果为国内底板带压工作面采用沿空留巷技术开采过程中底板扰动破坏规律的确定提供依据。      

新义煤矿底板采动破坏规律及突水危险性研究

为了研究新义煤矿煤层底板的突水危险性,分析了矿区的水文地质条件,设计了底板采动破坏的测试方案,结合FLAC数值模拟软件和经验公式对底板采动破坏深度进行了分析,采用考虑矿压影响的斯列萨列夫公式对底板突水危险性进行了评价,为新义煤矿的安全合理开采提供了科学依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of