南海北部陆架坡折带潮流和低频流特征分析

利用旋转谱分析、调和分析和低通滤波的方法,对1987年8月至1988年1月南海北部东沙附近陆架坡折带处定点海流观测资料进行分析,研究了该区域定常余流、潮流和低频流的特征。各观测层次定常余流基本为西向流,垂向呈现较强的正压性。潮流以日分潮和半日分潮为主,呈顺时针方向旋转,全日潮流椭圆长轴普遍大于半日潮流,冬季K1分潮振幅在近底层明显增大,海流在中间层存在明显的惯性振荡。从能量角度分析,剩余流占海流总能量比例较大,定常余流能量主要存在于沿岸线方向,而垂直于岸线方向的能量主要由潮流和剩余流构成。低频流存在显著的季节变化,1988年1月呈现明显的顺时针旋转形态。冬季海表面风应力与次表层低频流有较强的相关性。结合OFES(Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator)模拟结果,利用动量平衡分析的方法探究了动量方程中各项对低频流的贡献以及1988年1月次表层出现北向流的动力机制。冬季低频流具有较强的地转流特征,垂向分布受海水层化影响;东北风松弛和反气旋涡的联合作用是次表层出现偏北向流动的主要原因。     

南海东沙岛西南大陆坡内潮特征

2008年4月-10月,在南海东沙岛西南大陆坡底部布放了1套全剖面锚系,同时沿大陆坡底部布放了3套近底锚系,应用谱分析和调和分析方法分析温度和海流连续观测资料,进而研究该海域的内潮特征.结果表明,东沙岛西南大陆坡存在强内潮现象,大陆坡底部温度变化受到内潮波的影响,上层海洋存在强日潮周期的内潮波振动;正压潮和斜压潮均以O...     

1998年南海北部20天定点连续观测的内潮分析（英文）

对1998年6月南海北部20天的海流和温度定点连续观测资料进行分析,得到该海域内潮的特征及其能量分布。分析结果显示内潮的主要成分为O1,K1,M2与S2分量,其中全日内潮（O1与K1）的能量占主要部分。在观测期间,此四个分量的海流失量均为顺时针旋转,其潮流椭圆半长轴的最大值超过14cm/s。海水温度的变化显示出内潮存在准日周期振动,平均垂向振幅达到50m。观测到的内潮携带高能量且其活动存在不连续性,在观测范围内,全日内潮的动能及势能密度的最大值分别达到2kJ/m^2及3.5kJ/m^2,半日内潮的动能及势能密度的最大值分别达到1kJ/m^2及1.5kJ/m^2。     

南海北部东沙岛附近海洋底层流场特征及时间变化规律

Near-bottom currents play important roles in the formation and dynamics of deep-water sedimentary systems.This study examined the characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents, especially the tidal components, based on two campaigns(2014 and 2016) of in situ observations conducted southeast of the Dongsha Island in the South China Sea. Results demonstrated near-bottom currents are dominated by tidal currents, the variance of which could account for ～70% of the total current variance. Diurnal tidal currents were found stronger than semidiurnal currents for both barotropic and baroclinic components. The diurnal tidal currents were found polarized with predominantly clockwise-rotating constituents, whereas the clockwise and counterclockwise constituents were found comparable for semidiurnal tidal currents. It was established that diurnal tidal currents could induce strong current shear. Baroclinic tidal currents showed pronounced seasonal variation with large magnitude in winter and summer and weak magnitude in spring and autumn in 2014. The coherent components accounted for ～65% and ～50% of the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal current variances,respectively. The proportions of the coherent and incoherent components changed little in different seasons. In addition to tidal currents, it was determined that the passing of mesoscale eddies could induce strong nearbottom currents that have considerable influence on the deep circulation.     

Temperature variability caused by internal tides in the coastal waters of east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The effects of tidal currents (i.e., barotropic and internal tides) are important in the biogeochemistry of a coastal shelf sea. The high-frequency of currents and near-bottom temperatures collected in three consecutive southwest monsoon seasons (May, June, July and August of 2013 until 2015) is presented to reveal the role of the tidal currents to the temperature variability in the coastal shelf sea of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM), south of the South China Sea (SCS). The results of a spectral density and harmonic analysis demonstrate that the near-bottom temperature variability and the tidal currents are influenced by diurnal (O₁ and K₁) and semidiurnal (M₂) tidal currents. The spectral density of residual currents (detided data) at 5, 10 and 16 m depth also shows significant peaks at the diurnal tidal frequency (K₁) and small peaks at the semidiurnal tidal frequency (M₂) indicating the existence of internal tides. The result of the horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) shows a strong intermittent energy of internal tides in the ECPM with the strongest energy is found at 16 m depth during a sporadic cooling event in June and July. A high horizontal cross-shore heat flux (16 m) also indicates strong intrusions of cooler water into the ECPM in June and July. During the short duration of cold pulse water observed in June and July, a cross-wavelet analysis also reveals the strong relationship between the near-bottom temperatures and the internal tidal currents at the diurnal tidal frequency. The intrusion of this cooler water is probably related to the monsoon-induced upwelling in June. It is loosely interpreted that the interaction between the strong barotropic tides and the steep slope in the central basin of the SCS under the stratified condition in southwest monsoon has generated these internal tides. The dissipation of internal tides from the slope area probably has driven the cold-upwelled water into the ECPM coastal shelf sea when the upwelling intensity is the highest in June and July.     

莫桑比克海峡及其邻近海区正压潮流数值模拟与能量收支分析*

莫桑比克海峡及其邻近海区是全球海洋潮流和潮能耗散最强的海区之一。文章利用高分辨率通用环流模式对该海区的正压潮流进行模拟, 并对该海区潮能通量和潮能耗散特征进行分析。结果表明, 莫桑比克海峡及其邻近海区的潮波主要是半日分潮占主导地位, 全日分潮可忽略不计, M₂分潮形成1个左旋潮波系统和1个右旋潮波系统, S₂分潮形成1个左旋潮波系统。莫桑比克海峡和马达加斯加岛南部等绝大数区域的M₂和S₂半日潮流是逆时针旋转, 在马达加斯加岛顶部等局部区域是顺时针旋转, 而且在海峡通道等复杂地形处潮流流速量级较大。潮能通量矢量主要来自东边界, 大部分潮能通量沿马达加斯岛北部传入莫桑比克海峡区域, 其中经过马达加斯加岛北部和进入莫桑比克海峡的M₂ (S₂)分潮的潮能通量分别为156.86GW (40.53GW)和148.07GW (36.05GW), S₂分潮潮能通量的量级大约为M₂分潮的1/5~1/4。底摩擦耗散主要发生莫桑比克海峡和马达加斯加岛南北部, 其中莫桑比克海峡M₂ (S₂)分潮的底摩擦耗散为1.762GW (0.460GW), 占其底部总耗散的43.74% (39.72%)。     

海南新海夏季潮流谱分析和余流研究

根据夏季琼州海峡新海附近15 m处地层潮流谱分析结果可得,无论是f>0 或f<0,全日潮谱峰都高于半日潮谱峰。其中,半日潮周期,约为12 h,12.4 h,日潮存在两个,一个在23.9 h,另一个在25.8 h前后;在半日潮和全日潮分量中,反时针分量是主要的、顺时针的日潮能谱只有反时针的84%;顺时针的半日潮能谱只有反时针的63%;浅水分潮8.3 h,6.2 h和超过24 h的4.2 d,3 d等也很明显,但是未通过显著性检验; 大多数余流流速在5~10 cm/s之间,个别情况超过40 cm/s。受反时针运动涡旋影响,余流主要向偏东北、北、西北方向运动。在这个区间内的流向,占总观测数68%以上;风对余流也有重要影响:东北风将使余流方向偏向西北,偏北向风将使余流方向偏南。     

基于FVCOM的獐子岛附近海域三维潮汐潮流数值模拟

基于采用不规则三角网格的海洋模型FVCOM(An Unstructured Grid, Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model), 对獐子岛附近海域的潮汐、潮流进行了精细化数值模拟研究, 模拟的潮汐、潮流与实测值符合良好, 表明建立的该海域精细化潮汐潮流数值模型合理可靠。依据计算结果绘制了M2、S2、K1和O1分潮的同潮图和潮流椭圆图, 并对该海域潮汐潮流特征进行了系统分析。结果表明, 獐子岛附近海域的潮汐主要以规则半日潮为主, 水平潮流多为旋转流, 旋转方向大部分为逆时针; 近岸海区和水道之间多为往复流, 在大鹿岛以南海域也存在一往复流的区域。在123.75°E以东存在一顺时针旋转的区域。由潮余流场的特点可看出, 獐子岛等各岛屿周围均形成气旋式的绕岛流, 流速一般位于8—12cm/s之间, 离岸线较远的外海区域余流较小, 只有1—2cm/s。本文所得结论, 有助于增加对整个獐子岛海域潮汐潮流特性的全面认识。     

南海北部陆架海域内潮特征的观测研究

利用2014年南海东沙岛西北部海域70余天的流速剖面高频观测资料,研究分析了该海区正压潮、内潮的时空分布特征。结果表明,观测海区正压潮流以O_1,K_1,M_2,S_2为主;斜压潮流中,除四大分潮之外,MU_2与2Q_1分潮能量也较强;内潮的主轴方向基本沿东南-西北方向,近似与局地等深线垂直。全日内潮的锁相部分占全日内潮能量的17.5%,而半日内潮的锁相部分占半日内潮能量的30%;进一步研究发现半日内潮主要由第一模态主导,而全日内潮第二模态占比50%,约为其第一模态能量的两倍;内潮模态能量占比显示出显著的大小潮调制的半月周期。对比不同垂向模态计算方法发现,当流速观测深度有限时,利用全水深温盐资料计算观测范围内流速垂向模态是更为准确的方式。     

琼州海峡夏季三塘潮流谱分析和余流特征研究

无论潮流矢量是反时针旋转(f>0)还是顺时针旋转(f<0),全日潮谱峰都高于半日潮谱峰。2个半日潮周期分别为12、12.4h;2个日潮周期分别为23.9和25.8h;在半日潮和全日潮分量中,反时针分量是主要的:顺时针的半日潮能谱只有反时针的84%;顺时针的日潮能谱只有反时针的65%;浅水分潮6.2、8h和超过24h的3、4.2和5.5d等也有明显表现,但是都未通过显著性检验;夏季余流流速在5～10cm/s范围内变化,方向以南偏西为主。造成这种现象的首要的因素是夏季琼州海峡水交换基本态势和三塘附近海底地形,风对流向变化也有重要影响。     

不考虑局地引潮势的南海正压潮能通量与潮能耗散

利用ECOM模式模拟南海正压M2、S2、K1、O1分潮, 对南海潮能通量及潮能耗散进行研究.结果显示, M2、S2、K1和O1分潮分别有38.93、5.77、29.73和28.97GW的能通量经吕宋海峡传入南海, 并有2.42、0.36、8.67和7.86GW的能通量由南海经卡里马塔海峡传入爪哇海.由东海及吕宋海峡西北部传入台湾海峡的M2分潮能通量为25.28GW.半日潮进入北部湾和泰国湾的能通量较少(6.52GW), 全日潮则较大(24.74GW).通过民都洛和巴拉巴克海峡断面, 全日潮由南海向苏禄海共输送12.28GW的能通量, 而半日潮则由苏禄海向南海输送1.92GW的能通量.由模式输出结果估计得到的南海各局部海域的底摩擦耗散与净潮能通量存在差异, 为使二者平衡, 可对南海不同海域的底摩擦系数进行调整.依净潮能通量与底摩擦耗散平衡关系计算得到台湾海峡、北部湾、泰国湾及南海深水海域的底摩擦系数分别为0.0023、0.0024、0.0023和0.0021.     

The fundamental characteristics of current in the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea from July to September 2003

1Introduction TheBeringStraitactsasashallowchannelbe- tweenthePacificandtheArcticOcean(seeFig.1). TheBeringStraitislessthan60mdeepandconnects theChukchiSeatothenorthandtheBeringSeatothe south.TheChukchiSeaisamarginalseaoftheArctic Oceanwithsome50mdeep(Woodgateetal.,2004). TheBeringStraitthroughflowplaysanimportantrole inthestratificationoftheArcticOcean,especiallyin theprimarywaterpropertiesoftheChukchiSea. Aagaardetal.(1985)arguedthatbecauseofthe coastalgeometry,therewerewind-driven…     

基于FVCOM的南海北部海域潮汐潮流数值模拟

基于非结构三角形网格的FVCOM(finite-volume coastal ocean model )数值模型, 对南海北部海域的潮汐、潮流进行了精细化数值模拟研究, 并根据模拟结果详细分析了M2, S2, K1, O1 分潮的潮汐和潮流特征。研究结果表明: 神泉港到甲子港海域表现为正规全日潮性质, 珠江口附近海区潮汐以不正规半日潮为主, 其他海域主要表现为不规则全日潮; 陆架海域和深水海域主要表现为往复流, 陆架坡折区存在较强的旋转流, 陆架坡折区为不规则半日潮流和不规则全日潮流的分界线; 东沙群岛附近海域以不规则全日潮流为主, 旋转方向为顺时针; 整个海域的最大流速分布与等深线基本平行, 东沙群岛附近速度明显变大, 最大值出现在台湾浅滩附近, 最大值超过70 cm/s; 南海潮波系统以巴士海峡传入的大洋潮波为主, 分为三支潮流, 以不同的形式进出南海北部海域; 余流在台湾浅滩附近达到最大, 超过6 cm/s, 自南向北进入台湾海峡, 近岸余流自东向西沿岸流动。本研究在东沙群岛周边的模拟结果与前人基于实测资料的分析吻合较好, 并且由于采用了高精度的三角网格, 本文对东沙群岛周边海域的潮汐潮流结构和性质的刻画和分析是迄今为止较为精细的, 同时本研究还提高了对沿岸验潮站调和常数的模拟精度。     

南海东北部内潮的模态结构和传播

The evolution of energy, energy flux and modal structure of the internal tides(ITs) in the northeastern South China Sea is examined using the measurements at two moorings along a cross-slope section from the deep continental slope to the shallow continental shelf. The energy of both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs clearly shows a～14-day spring-neap cycle, but their phases lag that of barotropic tides, indicating that ITs are not generated on the continental slope. Observations of internal tidal energy flux suggest that they may be generated at the Luzon Strait and propagate west-northwest to the continental slope in the northwestern SCS. Because the continental slope is critical-supercritical with respect to diurnal ITs, about 4.6 kJ/m~2 of the incident energy and 8.7 kW/m of energy flux of diurnal ITs are reduced from the continental slope to the continental shelf. In contrast, the semidiurnal internal tides enter the shelf because of the sub-critical topography with respect to semidiurnal ITs.From the continental slope to the shelf, the vertical structure of diurnal ITs shows significant variation, with dominant Mode 1 on the deep slope and dominant higher modes on the shelf. On the contrary, the vertical structure of the semidiurnal ITs is stable, with dominant Mode 1.     

南海西北陆坡区内潮与近惯性内波观测研究

通过对2006年南海西北部海域近3个月的全水深流速观测资料的分析,研究了该海区正压潮、内潮及近惯性内波的时空分布特征。结果表明,全日内潮明显强于半日内潮,且最大潮流均出现在海洋上层;内潮的主轴方向基本沿东南-西北方向,近似与局地等深线垂直;内潮能量显示出明显的时间长度约为半月的大小潮调制周期;全日内潮的coherent部分占全日内潮能量的70%,而半日内潮的coherent部分占半日内潮能量的53%;进一步研究发现半日内潮主要由第一模态主导,而全日内潮第三模态能量占总能量的比例仅次于第一模态且量值上与之相当;强风过程可激发出强的近惯性运动,暖涡使得近惯性内波能量更有效地向海洋深层传播,冷涡则不利于近惯性内波能量向下传播。     

基于FVCOM的廉州湾及周边海域三维潮汐潮流数值模拟(英文)

基于采用不规则三角网格和有限体积方法的FVCOM模式,建立廉州湾三维潮流数值模型来重现廉州湾及周边海域的潮位和潮流变化状况。根据模拟结果计算得到了较以往更为精细的廉州湾及周边海域K1、O1和M2分潮的同潮图,并计算了由此三个分潮引起的潮汐不对称的变化情况。K1和O1分潮在廉州湾外主要以驻波的形式存在,进入廉州湾后转化为前进波;M2分潮在廉州湾外主要以前进波的形式存在,进入廉州湾后前进波特征更为明显。K1和O1分潮流在廉州湾外以旋转流为主,在廉州湾内以往复流为主;M2分潮流在整个研究海域以往复流为主。由潮余流场的分布特点可以看出自南向北由外海进入廉州湾的潮余流,在冠头岭处分为两支,一支逆时针转向西,另一支被冠头岭阻挡在其南侧形成顺时针封闭环流。在廉州湾内部同时存在两个环流系统,湾顶的气旋式环流和口门处的反气旋式环流。     

基于FVCOM的廉州湾及周边海域三维潮汐潮流数值模拟

基于采用不规则三角网格和有限体积方法的FVCOM模式,建立廉州湾三维潮流数值模型来重现廉州湾及周边海域的潮位和潮流变化状况。根据模拟结果计算得到了较以往更为精细的廉州湾及周边海域K₁、O₁和M₂分潮的同潮图,并计算了由此3个分潮引起的潮汐不对称的变化情况。K₁和O₁分潮在廉州湾外主要以驻波的形式存在,进入廉州湾后转化为前进波;M₂分潮在廉州湾外主要以前进波的形式存在,进入廉州湾后前进波特征更为明显。K₁和O₁分潮流在廉州湾外以旋转流为主,在廉州湾内以往复流为主;M₂分潮流在整个研究海域以往复流为主。由潮余流场的分布特点可以看出自南向北由外海进入廉州湾的潮余流,在冠头岭处分为两支,一支逆时针转向西,另一支被冠头岭阻挡在其南侧形成顺时针封闭环流。在廉州湾内部同时存在2个环流系统,湾顶的气旋式环流和口门处的反气旋式环流。     

Diurnal shelf waves off Hamada on San'in Coast

The tidal current data observed off Hamada on San'in coast have shown the diurnal tidal currents to be larger than the semidiurnal ones by a factor of 5–8, although the ratio (K₁+O₁)/(M₂+S₂) for the tidal heights at Hamada is 1.3. Furthermore, the diurnal currents are found to be more remarkable on the shelf slope than on the shelf. We consider such diurnal current features as being due to the vortical mode waves, and show that the broad shelf and steep shelf slope off San'in coast allow 1st-mode interior shelf waves (ISWs) at a diurnal-period. Using a simple shelf model, it is shown that ISWs occur in response to the seaward component of diurnal tidal oscillations on the shelf and their propagation originates from the western entrance of the Tsushima Straits.     

M2 tidal currents near the continental shelf margin in the East China Sea

Time series of velocity and water temperature were measured at three stations on the continental shelf, on the shelf margin and on the slope off the northwest Tokunoshima in December 1980 to study influences of the slope on tides.Tidal currents with semidiurnal periods were dominant at the stations on the shelf and shelf margin. However, semidiurnal components in temperature fluctuations were dominant at the stations on the shelf margin and the slope. We estimated horizontal currents due to semidiurnal internal tides from the vertical distribution of water density and temperature, assuming that the temperature fluctuations were caused by the vertical displacement of water particles due to semidiurnal internal tides. The tidal ellipses at the station on the shelf and the phase relation of the tidal currents between the two stations on the shelf and shelf margin indicated that the M₂ surface tide on the shelf was a Sverdrup wave propagating to the northwest.Semidiurnal tidal currents on the slope were also caused by tides of surface and internal modes. Furthermore, the axis of the tidal ellipse was not perpendicular to the co-tidal line estimated by Ogura (1934) but rather parallel to the isobaths on the slope, which shows a striking effect of the bottom topography on the tidal currents.     

渤黄东海潮波数值模拟

利用考虑引潮力的非线性球面潮波方程，数值模拟渤黄东海的潮波运动，将计算结果与实测资料作比较。依据所得结果绘制M2，S2，K1，O1和M4的同潮图和潮流椭圆，并进行讨论。研究表明，K1和O1的同位相线在台湾附近先作顺时针方向旋转然后作逆时针方向旋转，该现象是由于大陆架和大陆坡水深分布和台湾存在的结果。同时也发现最大流速时刻比高潮时刻提前，是摩擦和旋转潮液系统中的驻波成份所引起的。对该海区的非线性潮波部分的模拟作了首次尝试。可以看出：M4有18个旋转潮波系统，其中6个作顺时针方向旋转，12个作逆时针方向旋转；在江苏南部海岸和杭州湾口的外海区域以及渤海湾和大部分的莱州湾，由M2引起的潮汐余水位为正，而在海区的其余部分这种余水位为负；由M2引起的潮汐余流总体上向南或向东南方向流动。