美国第19届气候诊断年会

本文介绍了美国第１９届气候诊断年会的内容。     

美国第20届气候诊断年会

文章介绍了１９９５年１０月在西雅图召开的美国第２０届气候诊断年会，着重讨论了如下８个问题：气候变暖，ＥＮＳＯ影响，全球降水分析，年代际气候变率，ＥＮＳＯ预测，数值气候预测，统计气候预报及气候模拟。     

河南省气候工作发展45年之回顾

河南省气候工作发展４５年之回顾程炳岩（河南省气候中心，郑州．４５０００３）气候工作是气象事业的重要组成部分，也是气象部门为回民经济建设服务的主要内容之一．１９４９年以来，随着新中回河南气囊事业的建立与发展，气候工作也从无到有，其内客日往车窗，技＊手段...     

1998年气候对棉花主要害虫的影响

通过 1998年气象及虫情资料的分析 ,证实气象因子对棉虫年度发生程度起着关键性作用 ,尤其是春季气候条件 ,对棉虫发生期的早晚及发生量的多少有着直接影响。     

广西1996年气候影响评价

１９９６年度（１９９５年１２月至１９９６年１１月），各地年平均气温为１６．０－２２．７℃，全区大部比常年偏低０．４－０．７℃；年降水量为９７３．０－２２７７．４毫米，钦州、防城港两市和南宁、玉林两地区南部比常年偏少１－２成，百色地区大部偏我１－２成，其余地区正常；各地年日照时数为１１２１．５－２２６６．５小时，大部分份地区偏少８０－３００小时。１９９６年度主要气候事件及其影响以夏季洪灾害及春季低温     

大部秋高气爽农业得益多 热带气旋袭击海南损失重 1988年10月

10月,全国大部地区秋高气爽,气温接近常年或略偏高,利于农作物生长及收打、晾晒。华南寒露风天气偏迟。全国大部地区降水偏少,山东,河南、广东,广西发生秋旱。北方冬麦区大部墒情良好,利于冬小麦播种和出茁生长。华西阴雨寡照,不利于秋收秋种。有两个风台袭击海南,造成严重损失。     

两个30年气候平均值的差异及其对气候业务的影响

对陕西短期气候预测业务使用的39个气象站气候要素1971～2000年平均值与1961～1990年平均值进行比较,发现大部分地区年平均气温升高,晴天日数增加;年降水量、阴天日数、降水日数、年日照时数减少;年大风日数、沙尘暴日数、冰雹日数、雷暴日数减少等。把两个平均值放在长序列中分析,发现某些气象要素最近的气候平均值的差值在20世纪80～90年代期间的5～6个气候平均值每两个相邻平均值的差值中是最大的,说明陕西20世纪90年代气候较60年代干燥、温暖,且90年代气温高、降水少的特点十分突出。还对某些要素平均值改变对气候影响评价、气候预测业务产生的影响进行简要分析。     

Numerical Experiments on the Spin-up Time for Seasonal-Scale Regional Climate Modeling

In this paper,the numerical experiments on the issue of spin-up time for seasonal-scale regional climate modeling were conducted with the newly Regional Climate Model (RegCM3),in the case of the abnormal climate event during the summer of 1998 in China.To test the effect of spin-up time on the regional climate simulation results for such abnormal climate event,a total of 11 experiments were performed with different spin-up time from 10 days to 6 months,respectively.The simulation results show that,for the meteorological variables in the atmosphere,the model would be running in"climate mode"after 4-8-day spin-up time,then, it is independent of the spin-up time basically,and the simulation errors are mainly caused by the model's failure in describing the atmospheric processes over the model domain.This verifies again that the regional climate modeling is indeed a lateral boundary condition problem as demonstrated by earlier research work. The simulated mean precipitation rate over each subregion is not sensitive to the spin-up time,but the precipitation scenario is somewhat different for the experiment with different spin-up time,which shows that there exists the uncertainty in the simulation to precipitation scenario,and such a uncertainty exhibits more over the areas where heavy rainfall happened.Generally,for monthly-scale precipitation simulation,a spin-up time of 1 month is enough,whereas a spin-up time of 2 months is better for seasonal-scale one. Furthermore,the relationship between the precipitation simulation error and the advancement/withdrawal of East Asian summer monsoon was analyzed.It is found that the variability of correlation coefficient for precipitation is more significant over the areas where the summer monsoon is predominant.Therefore,the model's capability in reproducing precipitation features is related to the heavy rainfall processes associated with the advancement/withdrawal of East Asian summer monsoon,which suggests that it is necessary to develop a more reliable parameterization scheme to capture the convective precipitation of heavy rainfall pro- cesses associated with the activities of East Asian summer monsoon,so as to improve the climate modeling over China.