储层非均质性研究--以葡萄花油层组PI1～PI4小层为例

储层非均质性对油气田的勘探和开发效果影响很大。结合测井资料二次解释的孔隙度(φ)、泥质含量(Vsh)、粒度中值(Md)、束缚水饱和度(Swi)等资料,借助BP网络对渗透率进行预测。对萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组的非均质性进行了定量半定量的研究,认为萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组PI2小层层内非均质性最严重,与沉积微相密切相关。单砂层垂向上渗透率的变化以正韵律和复合式韵律为主,局部发育反韵律模式。经对葡萄花油层组PI1—PI4系统研究,层内非均质性强弱依次为PI2a、PI3、PI2b、PI1、PI4;层间非均质性在PI3和PI4间表现得最强,其它相对要弱;各小层平面非均质性相差无几,整体表现为较强的非均质性。     

厚层河道砂体储层非均质性研究——以葡萄花油层组PI1-PI4小层为例

储层非均质性对油气田的勘探和开发效果影响很大.结合测井资料二次解释的孔隙度(Φ)、泥质含量(Vsh)、粒度中值(Md)、束缚水饱和度(Swi)等资料,借助BP网络对渗透率进行预测.对萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组的非均质性进行了定量半定量的研究,认为萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组PI2小层层内非均质性最严重,与沉积微相密切相关.单砂层垂向上渗透率的变化以正韵律和复合式韵律为主,局部发育反韵律模式.葡萄花油层组PI1-PI4小层层内非均质性强弱依次为PI2a,PI3,PI2b,PI1,PI4;层间非均质性在PI3和PI4间表现得最强,其他相对要弱;各小层平面非均质性相差无几,整体表现为较强的非均质性.     

利用神经网络技术在储层非均质性上的研究

储层非均质性对油气田的勘探和开发效果影响很大。结合测井资料二次解释的孔隙度(φ)、泥质含量(Vsh)、粒度中值(Md)、束缚水饱和度(Swi)等资料,借助BP网络算法,对渗透率进行预测。BP网络算法是人工神经网络算法中的一种,采用的是误差逆传算法,即把网络输出的误差归纳为各连接权的过程,通过把输出层的误差逐层向输入层逆向传播以分摊给各层单元,从而获取各层单元的参考误差,以便调整相应的联接权。如此反复,直至网络输出与期望输出之间的误差减少到允许误差为止。通过这样学习过程,消除了系统误差,提高了渗透率预测的精度,并为定性定量描述储层非均质性打下了坚实的基础。通过对萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组的非均质性进行了定量半定量的研究,认为萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组PI2小层层内非均质性最严重,与沉积微相密切相关。单砂层垂向上渗透率的变化以正韵律和复合式韵律为主,局部发育反韵律模式。经对葡萄花油层组PI1~PI4系统研究,层内非均质性强弱依次为PI2a、PI3、PI2b、PI1、PI4;层间非均质性在PI3和PI4间表现得最强,其他相对要弱;各小层平面非均质性相差无几,整体表现为较强的非均质性。     

大庆油田葡萄花油层组储层非均质性主控因素分析

本文对萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组的非均质性进行定量半定量研究,认为葡萄花油层组PⅠ2小层层内非均质性最严重,与沉积微相密切相关;单砂层垂向上渗透率的变化以正韵律和复合式韵律为主,局部发育反韵律模式;层内非均质性强弱依次为PⅠ2a、PⅠ3、PⅠ2b、PⅠ1、PⅠ4;层间非均质性在PⅠ3和PⅠ4间表现得最强,其它相对要弱;各小层平面非均质性相差无几,整体表现为较强的非均质性。     

厚层河道砂体储层非均质性研究——以葡萄花油层组PⅠ1-PⅠ4小层为例

储层非均质性对油气田的勘探和开发效果影响很大。结合测井资料二次解释的孔隙度（Φ）、泥质含量（Vsh）、粒度中值（Md）、束缚水饱和度（Swi）等资料,借助BP网络对渗透率进行预测。对萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组的非均质性进行了定量半定量的研究,认为萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组PⅠ2小层层内非均质性最严重,与沉积微相密切相关。单砂层垂向上渗透率的变化以正韵律和复合式韵律为主,局部发育反韵律模式。葡萄花油层组PⅠ1—PⅠ4小层层内非均质性强弱依次为PⅠ2a,PⅠ3,PⅠ2b,PⅠ1,PⅠ4;层间非均质性在PⅠ3和PⅠ4间表现得最强,其他相对要弱;各小层平面非均质性相差无几,整体表现为较强的非均质性。     

大庆宋芳屯油田肇35区块葡萄花油层非均质性研究

从储层宏观与微观非均质性入手,分别研究了肇35区块葡萄花油层的层内、层间、平面和微观非均质性特征及主控因素,研究区层内非均质性主要受到沉积构造、渗透率韵律以及夹层分布等的影响;从物性和隔层分布特征方面分析了层间非均质性特征,自下而上葡萄花油层非均质性呈现弱→强→弱的变化趋势;平面非均质性特征受砂体及沉积微相展布影响较大,沿河道延伸方向非均质性较好。研究区主要发育正常粒间孔、缩小粒间孔和粒内溶蚀孔,整体上储层微观孔隙结构发育良好。从不同方面分析了研究区非均质性对剩余油分布的影响,沉积微相类型和成岩作用是控制储层非均质性的主因素。最终对葡萄花油层主力小层进行储层评价,预测了有利储层的发育面积和分布范围,为下一步的勘探开发提供一定的依据。     

准噶尔盆地阜北地区头屯河组非均质性综合研究

对准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷北部斜坡区(阜北地区)中侏罗统头屯河组储集层非均质性进行探讨,为研究区头屯河组储集层深入勘探提供指导。综合运用钻测井、岩心描述、薄片、粒度、(恒速)压汞曲线以及核磁曲线等资料,对研究区头屯河组储集层的微观、宏观非均质性以及非均质性的控制因素进行详细分析。结果表明:头屯河组储集层发育2类孔隙结构,造成储层微观非均质性较强;储集层包含3类粒度韵律、2类渗透率韵律以及2类夹层不均匀分布导致层内非均质性较强,分层系数以及砂地比不均导致层间非均质性较强,变异系数、突进系数和非均质性系数反映平面非均质性较强,宏观非均质性整体表现较强。沉积环境和成岩环境对头屯河组储集层非均质性程度都有影响,以成岩环境为主。最终认为研究区勘探目标区为应首选头一段河道砂体主体区域。     

胜坨油田坨28断块沙河街组二段储层非均质性定量研究

运用模糊数学方法计算非均质综合指数和计算渗透率非均质参数,对胜坨油田坨28断块沙河街组二段储层的非均质性进行了定量研究。结果表明：储层的层间,层内和平面非均质性强,随着开发注水的深入进行,非均质性有减弱趋势,但减弱幅度不大;各小层及其韵律层在不同开发时期的非均质程度有明显的差异。沉积微相控制储层非均质程度;成岩作用使非均质性复杂化;注采井网不完善,加剧了非均质性的差异性。研究成果在剩余油挖潜的应用中起到重要作用。     

姬塬地区长6储层非均质性与含油性关系研究

以姬塬地区长6层岩心资料、各类测试资料及测井资料为基础,剖析研究区长6各小层的非均质性特征,并研究了其对含油性的影响。研究表明:长6油层组层内和层间非均质性整体呈中等,储层垂向上粒度的韵律性多样。层内夹层发育程度及渗透率非均质性对储层含油性的影响较弱,而储层的韵律性、层内层理的发育程度及物性的大小是储层含油性的重要因素,隔层对油气形成有效圈闭及聚集成藏具有一定的积极作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区延长组长4+5段储层非均质性特征

储层非均质性对剩余油分布和水驱或气驱波及系数影响较大,开展储层非均质精细评价,是油田开发方案调整和剩余油挖潜必不可少的内容。利用密井网测井资料和岩矿鉴定等资料,从沉积、成岩作用等方面对吴起油沟油田长4+5段储层非均质进行了研究。结果表明,研究区长4+5段诸层为三角洲前缘沉积末端,单期水下分流河道规模较小且改道频繁,层内泥质夹层不发育,层间隔层发育,单砂体连通性差,非均质性较强;纵向上将长4+5段分为长4+5_1、长4+5_2~1、长4+5_2~2三个小层,受沉积环境和成岩作用,特别是碳酸盐胶结作用的影响,层内非均质性多为正韵律或复合韵律,其中长4+5_1储层非均质性最强,长4+5_2~2储层非均质性最弱;从层间非均质性来看,其中长4+5_1单层砂体薄,分层系数最大,长4+5_2~2储单层砂体厚度大,分层系数较小;从平面非均质性来看,长4+5_1砂体呈交切窄条带状发育,砂体厚度横向变化大,平面非均质性较强;长4+5_2~1砂体呈孤立条带状分布,砂体欠发育,以分流涧湾为主;长4+5_2~2砂体厚度大,且呈连片发育,平面非均质性较弱。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)