海洋叶绿素a浓度动态可视化研究

为了实现叶绿素a浓度数据的三维动态可视化效果,针对海洋环境数据多维、多时间及多格式等特点,在全面分析NetCDF(network Common Data Form)数据模型的格式、存储的基础上,结合GPU(Graphics Processing Unit)与osgEarth三维地球虚拟场景,提出一套海洋环境中叶绿素a浓度的动态可视化方法。实验表明,该方法具有一定的可行性和高效性,为海洋环境数据的动态可视化与分析提供了强有力的可视化平台。     

海洋环境数据三维可视化系统设计与实现

针对目前海洋环境数据可视化技术存在的问题,结合海洋环境要素特点和我国对海洋环境信息化建设的实际需求,设计并开发了海洋环境数据三维可视化系统,重点从海洋环境数据组织和管理、海洋环境数据可视化表达、海洋环境数据查询分析、三维场景交互与视图控制四个方面入手,实现海洋多源信息的集成与可视化共享,为智慧海洋管理提供深入的信息集成、分析与可视化服务。     

基于OSG的海底溢油多维动态可视化技术研究

基于MFC(Microsoft Foundation Classes)交互框架和OSG(Open Scene Graph)三维渲染引擎,研究MFC与OSG集成和多线程交互关键技术,从LOD地形模型构建、海水仿真以及场景剪裁等几个方面对海洋环境三维立体场景进行构建和渲染。采用GPU高级着色语言(GLSL),结合FBO(Frame Buffer Object)帧缓冲技术,对大规模溢油粒子系统的实时仿真绘制技术进行研究和实现,实验结果表明,该方法的运行效率比常规的粒子系统模拟方法(如OpenGL的glBegin-glEnd方法)有明显的提高。基于关键技术研究成果,开发实现海底溢油可视化系统,可通过便捷、友好、直观的可视化界面,对海洋环境立体场景和大规模溢油粒子进行高效、实时地模拟和再现。     

基于XNA的海洋环境三维动态可视化

基于微软的新型三维图形开发平台XNA Studio,进行海洋环境动态可视化方法研究,主要包括动态海面仿真和流场动态可视化。动态海面通过折射贴图和反射贴图模拟海面的光影效果;流场动态可视化通过运动矢量符号表达海流的流速、流向。此外还提出了基于贝塞尔曲线平滑的AUV水下漫游方法,解决了场景漫游中的关键问题。此方法可以达到良好的可视化效果,并且对系统图形硬件要求不高,适用性较好。     

海洋风场动态可视化研究

针对海洋环境数据多维、多格式及动态性的特点,在深入研究OSG三维可视化仿真平台的基础上,采用颜色映射与点图标映射,结合几何着色器与osg Earth三维虚拟地球场景,提出一套海洋风场可视化的方法.实验结果表明,本方法很好的实现了海洋风场动态可视化,为海洋环境的动态可视化提供了一个强有力的研究平台.     

大规模海洋水文环境多维可视化技术研究

随着三维可视化技术在海洋环境仿真和信息表达方面的研究不断深入,在应用领域对海洋数据可视化结果的真实感、可视化过程中的实时交互性要求越来越高。基于GPU技术和OSG(Open Scene Graph)三维渲染引擎,研究OSG三维交互关键技术和体绘制渲染技术,开发一套面向大规模海洋水文环境数据的可视化软件,实现海洋要素场填色图、等值线绘制、等值面绘制、要素场体绘制和海流场动态模拟。为了更好的表达海量海洋水文环境数据的空间特性和实时性,在场景中建立节点对几何对象进行管理,引入回调机制实现动态渲染,加入CUDA(Computing Unified Device Architecture)并行计算提高计算速率,采用NetCDF(Network Common Data Form)文件格式对数据进行存取,应用GPU编程技术实现海洋水体环境要素快速体绘制。通过实践,开发实现的海洋水文环境可视化软件能够对海洋水体环境要素的属性和变化过程进行高效、直观的模拟和显示。     

基于UE4引擎的海洋虚拟可视化初探

随着当前计算机虚拟现实的理论、技术与方法的进步,海洋信息技术的三维可视化日益成为对海洋进行全方位观察、研究和探索的重要手段之一.本研究通过对3A级商业引擎——Unreal Engine 4(UE4)的开发使用,模拟了厦门海洋环境监测站附近海域的潮流、日出、日落及天气情况等虚拟现实与可视化.并且针对海洋科研领域中的实际需要,模拟了海水赤潮、海底地形测绘等专门面向业务需求的三维实时渲染,设计与重现了相关的水文气象场景,这种模拟设计具有重要的现实意义.     

海洋环境三维场景关键技术研究

为了满足海洋科研和工程开发工作对海洋环境进行直观模拟和表达的应用需求,本文运用MFC交互框架和OSG三维渲染引擎,研究节点访问器、回调机制、事件处理以及消息传递等三维交互关键技术,从地形模型构建、海水仿真、坐标映射以及场景剪裁等几个方面对海洋环境三维场景构建和渲染技术进行研究和开发,实现了界面友好的海洋环境三维交互场景,以便进一步对海洋环境特征和现象进行仿真和模拟。     

基于OSG的MCSEM施工实时监测方法

三维实时MCSEM监测系统强调的是监测的实时性,以三维可视化方式实时显示施工过程,有利于直观地监测和判断工作过程是否存在异常。根据MCSEM作业方式与流程,研究了在OSG三维渲染引擎的开发环境下,三维场景实时动态更新方法,包括三维模型实时更新、海底地形、轨迹线等要素绘制和相机实时跟踪;研究了三维场景数据组织结构与渲染状态机制,优化场景渲染,提高场景的响应速率,尽量保证三维显示的实时性、流畅性;开发了三维实时MCSEM监测系统进行实例验证,经过大量数据多次测试,系统运行稳定、响应及时,三维显示效果良好,较好地满足了实时监测的要求。     

基于B/S的海洋环境数据可视化与服务

为了解决B\S模式下系统业务化运行中海洋环境数据组织与管理、数据服务发布与可视化表达等问题,通过消息控制机制,实现了海洋环境数据的动态处理、服务动态生成和显示一体化无缝衔接,从而在保证数据安全情况下为用户提供海洋环境数据分析,通过系统的部署试运行,证明其具有良好的应用前景。     

海上危化品漂移扩散过程三维动态可视化方法

全球化工产业的发展导致海上危化品泄漏事故频发,严重影响了海洋生态环境,如何开展快速、有效的应急响应已成为迫切需求。对泄漏危化品未来漂移扩散情况进行预测与可视化呈现是应急过程的一个重要环节,目前针对污染扩散可视化的相关研究在场景构建、渲染效率、可扩展性、交互控制等方面仍存在不足。该文提出了一种基于Unity3D引擎及其粒子系统的海上危化品漂移扩散过程三维动态可视化方法,在海洋周边三维场景构建和模型数据优化处理的基础上,通过粒子的动态更新实现了危化品扩散过程的可视化,并提供了针对场景漫游和扩散过程控制的交互接口。以杭州湾海域为例的模拟实验结果表明该方法的性能和效果满足实际应用需求,能够为海上危化品泄漏突发事故应急提供信息参考与辅助决策支持。     

海洋标量数据的三维动态可视化系统研究

为了实现海量、多源、异构、多维、多格式、动态等特性海洋标量数据的三维集成可视化,设计了基于服务思想、面向通用标量数据格式的三维虚拟可视化体系架构,构建了海洋三维可视化原型系统,并对其体系架构和功能设计进行了详细阐述;采用基于几何对象的可视化方法,结合LOD动态调度、表面纹理及快速查询等关键技术,实现了海洋标量场数据的高效、快速三维动态可视化、要素值查询及时序分析等功能。该研究可为其他海洋环境要素数据的可视化与分析提供思路与技术借鉴。     

虚拟海洋场景构建与技术研究

随着传统GIS应用向三维立体方向发展,三维虚拟场景在信息认知、空间规划管理、时空挖掘与分析等方面的应用逐渐成为研究热点。本文基于Skyline平台集成遥感影像数据、地形数据、纹理特征数据、倾斜摄影测量数据、三维全景数据和三维模型数据,构建了集虚拟海岛海岸带模型、虚拟海底地形模型和虚拟水体模型于一体的虚拟海洋场景,并针对场景构建中涉及的多源影像数据集成技术、多尺度影像实时切片技术和基于OGC服务的数据集成技术开展了研究。构建形成的虚拟海洋场景在海洋应用服务系统中开展了实践应用。     

Developing a new grey dynamic modeling system for evaluation of biology and pollution indicators of the marine environment in coastal areas

Pollution of the marine environment leads to corresponding changes within the ecosystem. Thus, evaluation of the marine environment for management purposes, which is a procedure complicated by multi-hierarchy, multi-factors, and multi-uncertainty, should be considered from both ecological and environmental standpoints. Currently, the lack of consideration of the relationship between bio-indicators and water pollution in marine environmental evaluation hinders the efforts of conventional modeling approaches in this field. This paper presents an innovative dynamic modeling system that we call the grey dynamic modeling system (GDMS). This system synthesizes the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), grey target theory (GTT), and grey forecasting modeling approaches (GM(1,1)), and it takes both ecological and environmental factors into account during evaluation and forecasting of the marine environment in coastal areas. To effectively eliminate the subjective errors of the traditional AHP process, the GTT analysis is used to replace expert scoring, which defines the grey relational grades of the bio-indicator indices(BI) and the water pollution indices(WPI).The structure of the AHP then is applied to link the bio-indicators and pollution, which enables the system to generate the primary factors necessary for the evaluation of the marine environment from both ecological and pollution perspectives. The new modeling system was used to evaluate and forecast the marine eco-environment in the Tianjin section of Bohai Bay, China. This case study highlights the key features of the approach. The bio-indicator indices(BI) and water pollution indices(WPI) monitoring data from 2002 to 2007 of 8 monitoring sites are input to this dynamic modeling system and the results illustrate the following: Pollution of the study area is currently serious and tends to be worse in the future, and the worst areas are sites 2, 3, and 4 based on their key pollution indices biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)) which have the main effects on marine eco-system. These results can be used as the basis for marine environmental manager to define the key pollution factors, key pollution sites and the pollution trends of the marine environment of the whole study area.     

Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: an example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska

In the marine environment, stability of the glacier terminus and the location of subglacial streams are the dominant controls on the distribution of grounding-line deposits within morainal banks. A morainal bank complex in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, SE Alaska, is used to develop a model of terminus stability and location of subglacial streams along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers. This model can be used to interpret former grounding-line conditions in other glacimarine settings from the facies architecture within morainal bank deposits.The Muir Inlet morainal bank complex was deposited between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D., and historical observations provide a record of terminus positions, glacial retreat rates and sedimentary sources. These data are used to reconstruct the depositional environment and to develop a correlation between sedimentary facies and conditions along the grounding line.Four seismic facies identified on the high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles are used to interpret sedimentary facies within the morainal bank complex. Terminus stability is interpreted from the distribution of sedimentary facies within three distinct submarine geomorphic features, a grounding-line fan, stratified ridges, and a field of push ridges. The grounding-line fan was deposited along a stable terminus and is represented on seismic-reflection profiles by two distinct seismic facies, a proximal and a distal fan facies. The proximal fan facies was deposited at the efflux of subglacial streams and indicates the location of former glacifluvial discharges into the sea. Stratified ridges formed as a result of the influence of a quasi-stable terminus on the distribution of sedimentary facies along the grounding line. A field of push ridges formed along the grounding line of an unstable terminus that completely reworked the grounding-line deposits through glacitectonic deformation.Between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D. (39 years),

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m³ of sediment were deposited within the Muir Inlet morainal bank complex at an average annual sediment accumulation rate of

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m³/a. This rate represents the annual sediment production capacity of the glacier when the Muir Inlet drainage basin is filled with glacial ice.     

海洋中90Sr:日本周边海域与南海的对比

90Sr长期被视为最重要的人工放射性核素之一，日本福岛核事故导致包括90Sr在内的大量放射性物质泄漏进入海洋，厂区储水罐中冷却废水至今仍然存在大量90Sr。海洋中90Sr分析方法却繁琐耗时，导致核事故后的90Sr研究较为匮乏，且缺乏系统的认识。本研究在2015?2018年期间测量南海海水和多种海洋生物(马尾藻、海虾、牡蛎、红树林植物、造礁珊瑚)中90Sr的基础上，深入分析核事故后日本周边海域和南海90Sr的比活度水平与环境半衰期。结合文献资料，本研究发现1975?2010年期间日本近岸海水90Sr的环境半衰期为15.4 a，2011年的核事故后日本周边海洋中90Sr比活度显著升高，基于ERICA软件定量计算核事故后90Sr对海洋鱼类的剂量率比核事故前的结果高5个数量级。南海作为福岛核事故后北太平洋环流的下游海域，本文进一步构建1984?2018年期间南海90Sr比活度的历史曲线，发现核事故前后南海90Sr比活度水平没有可识别的变化，进一步定量计算南海90Sr的环境半衰期为26.7 a，发现边缘海和大洋中90Sr和137Cs环境半衰期格局差异与核素(90Sr和137Cs)的源汇过程(河流输入和海洋生物泵)密切相关。鉴于海洋中90Sr分析方法的挑战性，本文发现在10多种海洋生物中造礁珊瑚骨骼几乎拥有最高的90Sr浓集因子(约1 000 L/kg)，同时具有较易大量获取、固定附着生长、连续高分辨率记录、前处理简单快速等优点，很可能是海洋中90Sr可靠的指示生物。造礁珊瑚中90Sr研究将有利于揭示人工放射性核素的源汇过程，同时为我国海洋放射性监测方案和相关标准导则的优化和完善提供有益的参考。     

15 ka以来罗斯海陆架岩心沉积学记录及古海洋学意义

本文对取自罗斯海陆架的JB04岩心沉积物进行AMS14C测年、粒度、有机碳等测试,结合沉积物粒度组分因子分析,研究该岩心的沉积学记录,探讨其古海洋学意义。结果显示:JB04岩心沉积物的底部年龄为15 ka;沉积物粒度组分因子分析提取出3个环境敏感粒级,分别代表正常冰海沉积、低能海洋沉积和高能海洋沉积;综合沉积物岩相及沉积物组成特征,可以将岩心分为4段,从底部到顶部依次为主要受冰盖刮蚀影响的冰盖下沉积、属低能海洋环境的冰架下沉积、属高能海洋环境的冰架前缘沉积和主要受冰山影响的季节性海冰区沉积。该岩心的沉积地质记录及其古海洋学研究对全面认识罗斯海的海洋环境演变具有重要的意义。     

Marine Geodesy (1975–1979)— to the International Association of Geodesy,Section 1

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been developed during the last decade. Their land‐based applications range from land information management, urban planning, and environmental research to engineering design and management in the utility and oil industries, geological subsurface analysis, and others. However, applications of GIS in the marine environment are still in the initial stages. This may be due to, among other things, the large marine data sets, the demands of 3D data processing, and the difficulty of ocean data acquisition.

This article presents the result of the development of an integrated Marine Geographic Information System (MGIS) for the exploration and development of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the U.S. Pacific Islands region by the Pacific Mapping Center, University of Hawaii. Features such as spatial marine data processing, integration of GIS and mapping systems, 3D data structures, and simulation and animation of marine operations are developed and applied in this system. Since MGIS applications in EEZ are related to many disciplines in marine sciences and engineering, an operational MGIS should be an integrated system in which both basic GIS and marine application systems are combined into a single geo‐referenced system, In addition to other applications, this MGIS has been used: (1) to select a potential deep‐water research site off the island of Hawaii for the State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic, and Development (DBED); (2) to generate a three‐dimensional database and use it for the navigation and simulation of underwater operations of an underwater research vehicle; and (3) to produce two 2° × 2° mosaic sheets of sonar images, which meet the USGS standard for a sonar image atlas.     

南海及周边海域风浪流耦合同化精细化数值预报与信息服务系统简介

面向社会需求,建立覆盖南海及周边海域的高分辨率风-浪-流耦合同化数值预报与信息服务系统。系统包含耦合同化数值预报模式、海洋动力环境数据库与可视化平台两部分。其中,耦合同化数值预报模式由中尺度大气数值预报模式、海浪数值预报模式和区域海洋环流数值模式,在C-Coupler耦合器中进行耦合,引入集合调整Kalman滤波同化模块,在耦合预报前进行大气、海浪和海流的同化后报模拟,为耦合预报模式提供更为精确的初始场。预报结果经海洋动力环境数据库和可视化平台处理后,通过二维和三维可视化展示,向用户提供直观的南海及周边海域海洋环境预报产品。