西天山琼阿乌孜超基性岩体的稀土元素和Sr,Nd同位素研究

对西天山琼阿乌孜超基性岩体和围岩片麻岩作了Ｓｍ、Ｎｄ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ同位素和稀土元素的研究，获得岩体的形成年龄为３１４±１９Ｍａ，∑ＲＥＥ约为４．０～７．６μｇ／ｇ。其主体岩石是由来源于未亏损地幔较高程度熔融而产生的岩浆在结晶分异作用中形成。其岩体的边缘［εＮｄ＝－５，（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）＝０．７０５５，∑ＲＥＥ＝１１１．５６μｇ／ｇ］同化了围岩［εＮｄ＝－１６．７，（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７５３７，∑ＲＥＥ＝１９６μｇ／ｇ］，并同时发生结晶作用，经历了ＡＦＣ过程，形成了特有的琼阿鸟孜超基性岩侵入体。     

侵入火山碎屑岩中的铷－锶系统

对泛高加索山脉前脊的华力西晚期流纹质侵入凝灰岩，利用Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素系统来重建侵入火山碎屑岩的历史。在侵入火山碎屑岩建造中，石英和未蚀变黑云母中熔融包裹体的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ系统可作为岩浆期的指示剂；钾长石和钠长石的同位素系统可作为热液期的指示剂；绿泥石的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ系统可作为风化物的成岩作用期的指示剂。这些流纹质侵入凝灰岩的热液改造作用几乎是与其（岩桨）贯入作用同时发生的，而风化物的成岩作用在时间上与岩浆贯入作用及热液改造作用是分开的。Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ法适合于确定这些特殊岩石的贯入时间。     

福建省花岗岩类Nd-Sr同位素特征及其意义

本文报道了福建省范围内前人分析数据稀疏或空白区域内的１８个古生代－中生代花岗岩体的Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素组成：εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－３．６～－１６．４,（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０５５～０．７３１８,ｔＤＭ＝１．２～２．３Ｇａ。结合前人分析数据,区分出三个地域区带：福安－南靖断裂以东的沿海带：εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－１．５～－６．８,（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０５６～０．７０９９,ｔＤＭ＝１．１～１．４５Ｇａ,弧后伸展构造背景下的幔－壳岩浆混合是该带花岗岩的主要成岩方式;福安－南靖断裂以西的内陆区域：εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－４．０～－１６．４,（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０６４～０．７４１０,ｔＤＭ＝１．３～２．３,其中加里东－印支期花岗岩主要由与麻源群相当之地壳物质部分熔融形成,而燕山期花岗岩,一部分由与麻源群相当或较年轻的地壳物质部分熔融产生,也有一部分可能由壳－幔岩浆混合形成;福建省南部的纬向带：εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－３．６～－７．５,（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０５５～０．７０９９,ｔＤＭ＝１．２～１．５５,同位素特征与沿海带相似,但该带构造拉张发育时间较沿海带略早     

侵入火山碎屑岩中的铷—锶系统

对泛高加索山脉前脊的华力西晚期流纹质侵入凝灰岩，利用Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素素统来重建侵入火山碎屑岩的历史，在侵入火山碎屑岩建造中，石英和未蚀变黑云母中熔融包裹体的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ系统可作为岩浆期的指示剂；钾长和钠长石的同位素系统可作为热液期的指示剂；绿泥石的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ系统可作为风化物的成岩作用期的指示剂。     

南极乔治王岛中——新生代岩浆岩Sr—Nd—Pb同位素组成及源区特征

对乔治王岛１１个火山岩和２个侵入岩样品做了Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ－Ｐｂ同位素分析，其中（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０３２６～０．７０３９２，εＮｄ＝３．０２～６．７２，２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１７．７７６～１８．５１５，２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１５．．５０６～１５．５７１，２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝３７．８６８～３８．３０８。根据以上同位素组成及其相互关系并结合岩石学和微量元素特征及火山岩中熔融包裹体成分，得出以下结论：（１）研究的乔治王岛岩浆岩起源于亏损地幔（ＤＭＭ）和地幔流体交代成因的富集地幔ＥＭＩ混合形成的源区；（２）该源区具有广义Ｄｕｐａｌ异常，它正是由于ＥＭＩ组份加入即通过流体交代作用而产生的；（３）流体主要是俯冲深海沉积物脱碳酸盐作用而释放出的富ＣＯ２流体。     

粤东塌山含锡花岗斑岩原生铝质矿物特征和成因

粤东塌山含锡花岗斑岩以岩脉产出，侵位年龄１３８Ｍａ，含不等数量的原生铝质矿物，如红柱石、铁铝榴石、铁叶云母和白云母等。根据产出特征，红柱石被区分为两个世代，石榴子石分为三个结晶时期。结合全岩为过铝质（Ａ／ＮＫＣ＝１．２３４），高的Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ（２．１５）、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ（３．１０）、Ｋ／Ｒｂ（２１５）比和ＩＳｒ值（０．７１３１），低的εＮｄ（Ｔ）值（－７．４）和长石铅同位素组成相似于造山带铅演化模     

一个古元古代A型流纹岩

山西吕梁群流纹岩是一个古元古代的弱碱性火山岩,它具有高ＳｉＯ２,Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ和Ｚｒ,Ｇａ等高场强元素和高ＦｅＯ＾＊／ＭｇＯ,Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ和Ｇａ／Ａｌ比值,以及低ＣａＯ,Ｓｒ和Ｅｕ／Ｅｕ＾＊的地球化学特征,相似于Ａ型花岗质岩石。它形成于大陆边缘裂谷环境,化学成分及同位素特征为高εＮｄ（ｔ）值,低（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ值,表明流纹岩的原始岩浆由下地壳晚太古代变质岩受裂谷岩浆和热流作用的影响部分     

东秦岭陡岭群变质杂岩Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr、40Ar/39Ar、207Pb/206Pb年龄

本文用单颗粒锆石逐级蒸发２０７Ｐｂ／２０６Ｐｂ、ＳｍＮｄ、ＲｂＳｒ、４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ年代学方法对东秦岭陡岭群变质杂岩的形成时代、变质时期和构造归属进行了研究。结果表明：陡岭群变质杂岩形成于早元古代，年龄为２０００Ｍａ左右，在其形成后遭受了多期变质作用。片麻岩ＳｍＮｄ等时年龄１８７８±２５６Ｍａ（εＮｄ（ｔ）＝＋２．８±２．６）代表了ＳｍＮｄ同位素系统重新发生均一化作用的时间。主期变质作用发生在８３３±１７Ｍａ（角闪石４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ高温坪年龄）；另一期变质作用发生于４２２±１６Ｍａ（片麻岩Ｒｂ     

新疆阿尔曼太蛇绿岩时代的Nd—Sr同位素地质研究

本文通过测定采自新疆阿尔曼太兔子泉一带蛇绿岩的堆晶辉长岩、辉绿岩和安山玢岩，获得Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时年龄为５６１±４１Ｍａ，εＮｄ（ｔ）＝６．１，Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时年龄为３９２±１７Ｍａ，（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０４１，前者为蛇绿岩的形成时代，后者为蛇绿岩遭受后期变质作用的时间。札河坝－阿尔曼太蛇绿岩的形成环境可能是古亚洲洋向南俯冲引起的弧后盆地     

早元古代滹沱群玄武岩Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素体系初论

本文给出的滹沱群下亚群青石村组玄武岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ全岩等时线年龄为２０４５．８±１７和２３６９±３０Ｍａ（Ｚ），角门石４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ坪年龄和最高视年龄为１３６４±１９和１９３２±１９Ｍａ（１）；中亚群河边村组玄武岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ全岩等时线年龄图的投点呈完全离散状，Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ全岩等时线年龄为２３２２±３１Ｍａ（２），角门石４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ坪年龄和最高视年龄为１３６０和１７４２±１７Ｍａ（１）。根据上述Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ数据与已知青石村组、河边村组单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ法确定的成岩年龄２４５０±１０和２４００±２０Ｍａ（２）的明显差别，４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ均揭示为较典型受扰动的年龄谱和较发育的透人性构造、晚期岩脉等地质证据，认为Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ是重设的同位素体系。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the