石膏硬石膏系列矿物相的研究

在地质矿物学资料上,钙的硫酸盐矿物只有石膏(CaSQ_4·2H_2o)和硬石膏(CaSQ_4)两种。但工艺矿物学研究表明在石膏——硬石膏之间因加热条件的不同,可存有两个系列的几种过渡型矿物相。依据它们转变的条件,笔者认为在适宜的地质环境下亦可见于自然界,如在中、低温及中、低的热液条件下,有可能出现α系列的半水石膏和无水石膏。相反,在干热的地质环境下便可能存有β系列的半水石膏和无水石膏。由于它们转变的条件较狭窄,因此这些矿物便可能具有反映地质环境的指示矿物的意义。     

半水磷石膏的矿物学特征

讨论了半水磷石膏的化学组成、矿物组成、热性能、微观形貌以及胶凝性能。结果表明:半水磷石膏中主要化学组成为CaO和SO3,其总量达到70%,含有少量的结晶水和P2O5;半水磷石膏中含有放射性元素,但未超过GB/T6566-2010《建筑材料放射性核素限量》的限值;半水磷石膏矿物组成主要是α型的烧石膏相,但其放热峰面积小,主要以不同取向的硫酸钙晶体的聚晶形式存在,胶凝性能差,烘干强度仅为0.38 MPa。半水磷石膏与二水石膏制备的α型半水石膏在微观形貌上存在较大差异,将其直接应用于建筑材料还有待于进一步研究。     

石膏质岩水化特性及矿物含量确定方法研究

硬石膏和石膏的膨胀性和腐蚀性是石膏质岩隧道工程主要致害因素,查明矿物成分、水化特性、硬石膏和石膏含量是评价石膏质岩工程危害的基础,但目前尚缺乏快速简便的石膏质含量确定方法。通过测定硬石膏岩水化过程中的波速及水化深度,分析了石膏质岩的水化特性;通过对硬石膏、石膏、方解石、白云石不同配比混合物的热重分析,提出了快速测定石膏...     

热液硬石膏流体包裹体的显微测温实验研究——石膏子晶的形成对盐度和均一温度测量的影响

硬石膏是海底热液多金属硫化物矿床中常见的少数几种透明矿物之一,是流体包裹体研究的主要对象。对Juan de Fuca洋脊Endeavour段的黑烟囱样品中硬石膏流体包裹体的显微观察发现包裹体内含有石膏子晶。显微测温研究也发现包裹体冷冻到-50℃后,再放置12小时,通常会发育新的石膏子晶。通过反复测定石膏子晶生成前后冰点的变化,发现石膏的生成使得冰点大幅降低,相应地提高残留流体的盐度(上升0.32%~1.6%NaCleq.)。流体包裹体中石膏生成是硬石膏水化和硬石膏溶解造成溶液过饱和沉淀石膏共同作用的结果,其中硬石膏水化起了主要作用,溶液过饱和沉淀石膏为硬石膏水化提供了有利条件。冷冻条件下和/或储藏时间越长,硬石膏水化对盐度的影响越大。加热包裹体到130℃能使石膏分解,释放出所结合的水分子,恢复包裹体的原始盐度。而石膏的生成对均一温度的测量没有影响。     

临澧合口矿区硬石膏水化（带）特征及水化石膏的开发前景

本文阐述了临澧县合口矿区硬石膏矿层浅部水化石膏带的分布，深度与矿石特征和成因，并对水化石膏的开采条件和经济价值作了评估。     

磷石膏中磷、氟杂质的脱除研究

磷石膏是湿法磷酸生产过程中产生的大宗工业固体废弃物,脱除磷石膏中磷、氟等有害杂质是其资源化利用的前提。采用石灰中和法和酸浸法研究了磷石膏中磷、氟的脱除规律,并利用SEM、FTIR、XRD研究了磷、氟脱除过程中磷石膏微观形貌、表面基团和物相组成的变化。结果表明,石灰中和法能有效脱除磷石膏中可溶磷和部分可溶氟,但不能脱除共晶磷,当石灰用量为0.4%、陈化时间为12 h时,磷石膏中可溶磷和可溶氟的脱除率分别为93.27%和29.07%。加温酸浸(55℃,硫酸用量30%)能有效脱除磷石膏中总磷和总氟,其脱除率分别为98.95%和91.07%,酸浸后磷石膏晶体由菱形块状转变为薄片状。常温下增大硫酸用量,磷石膏中磷、氟脱除率增大;常温酸浸(25℃,硫酸用量50%)能有效脱除磷石膏中总磷和总氟,其脱除率分别为95.88%和93.13%,酸浸后产物的形貌转变为长柱状,二水石膏脱水转变为半水石膏,共晶磷的特征吸收峰消失。     

刚果盆地西南部白垩纪蒸发岩矿物与古环境特征

刚果(布)西南部布谷马西地区属于热带雨林气候,拥有非洲大陆西部边缘重要的白垩纪钾盐矿床,属于典型的裂谷成钾盆地。经矿物学研究表明,主要的蒸发岩矿物类型为石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石、溢晶石、石膏、硬石膏等。蒸发岩矿物沉积序列为石膏、硬石膏(多数旋回缺失)→石盐→光卤石→钾石盐(次生)→溢晶石或水氯镁石。通过蒸发岩矿物沉积特征和微量元素的分析认为,在白垩纪时期布谷马西地区处于长期的高温干旱环境,有利于卤水蒸发、浓缩而形成盐类矿物沉积。     

四川渠县烂泥湾地区三叠系硫酸盐矿物硫同位素组成及其地质意义

文章阐述了烂泥湾地区三叠系不同类型的石膏、硬石膏和杂卤石矿物硫同位素值变化规律,进而探讨了它们的形成条件及其对划分地区地层所起的作用。     

察尔汉盐湖的半水石膏及其成因分析

本文对自然界极为少见、产于青海柴达木盆地的半水石膏的矿物特征进行了详细研究,并引用实际资料及理论依据,对其成因进行了探讨。     

靖边潜台西侧奥陶系马五4亚段岩相古地理特征

鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马五₄亚段是靖边气田重要的天然气勘探层段,目前相关的岩相古地理图多以段和亚段为单位、以盆地为尺度,作图精度不能满足油气勘探开发的需要。以靖边潜台西侧为研究区,根据该区的古地貌特征、标志性矿物（硬）石膏的类型及其环境意义,分马五₄3、马五₄2和马五₄1三个小层开展岩相古地理工作。根据沉积背景和地层等厚图将该区中部厚度较大、地形略陡的区域解释为洼地,将洼地周边厚度较小、地形平缓的区域解释为坪。目的层段（硬）石膏有块状、球状结核和晶体等三种类型,块状硬石膏与暗色泥质藻纹层白云岩互层,代表了一种浅水水下蒸发、间或遭海水漫侵的潮上环境;球状硬石膏结核分散于浅黄色泥粉晶白云岩中,为准同生成因,代表了蒸发、偏氧化、变盐度的潮上环境;石膏晶体相对较少,多为柱状,或与球状硬石膏结核混生,代表的沉积环境与球状硬石膏结核基本相同。块状硬石膏主要分布于洼地中,为潮上带硬石膏洼地,根据硬石膏的含量进一步细分为含块状硬石膏白云岩洼地、块状硬石膏质白云岩洼地和白云质块状硬石膏洼地;球状硬石膏结核及石膏晶体主要分布于古地貌的坪中,结合其局限蒸发潮上带的背景,将其命名为球状硬石膏结核白云岩潮坪。马五₄3、马五₄2和马五₄1的岩相古地理格局基本一致,但从下向上,硬石膏洼地范围逐渐收缩,块状硬石膏的含量也逐渐下降,反映了沉积过程中水体逐渐蒸发变浅的过程。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with