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受专利保护和技术封锁的制约,海洋温差能发电关键技术及设备国产化问题亟待解决。以建造大型温差能发电平台为背景,通过建立朗肯循环OTEC发电系统仿真模型,对比分析R717、R13a和R600工质发电系统性能参数,探索装机规模对热效率和单位换热面积发电量的影响,为大型OTEC发电系统建造提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明:R717系统在蒸发器和冷凝器热负荷以及工质方面均优于R134a和R600系统。相同装机功率下,R717工质的循环和系统热效率均最大。增加装机规模有助于提升系统的热效率和单位换热面积发电量。R717系统热效率最大,单位换热面积发电量在合适的范围内,是海洋温差发电系统较为理想的循环工质。 相似文献
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针对极区冰基拖曳式海洋剖面浮标长期稳定获取极区水文和气象数据的工作需求,进行了浮标系统的低功耗方案设计。该方案基于超低功耗51系列微处理器,根据最低功耗工作模式与最短工作时间原则,采用高效的电源管理机制对浮标系统各个部分的能量消耗进行合理的分配与管理,并应用了Argos卫星通讯模块ARGOS-3 PMT-RFM的BPSK调制低速数据传输模式,可有效降低浮标系统的整体能耗。该浮标在北极冰站上长达1年的运行情况表明该系统工作稳定,所采用的低功耗能量管理方案实现了浮标系统长期连续观测的需求。该浮标的成功试验和推广应用有助于极地研究人员更准确地分析海冰变化过程。 相似文献
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海洋温差发电有机朗肯循环工质选择 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了筛选出适宜于海洋温差热力发电有机朗肯循环的工质.采用PR状态方程计算11种低沸点有机流体工质在闭式海洋温差有机朗肯循环中的热力性能.结果表明,随着工质临界温度升高,循环热效率总体呈上升趋势.正丁烷具有较高的循环热效率,其蒸发压力较低、凝汽压力比较适中,比较适合用作海洋温差发电有机朗肯循环的工质. 相似文献
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海洋温差能是一种环境友好型、可持续利用的清洁能源,但是较低的海洋温差能发电系统效率阻碍了海洋温差能发电的商业化应用。提出一种新式循环,采用氨水混合工质,以及贫氨溶液回热和中间抽汽回热方式,实现对贫氨溶液及乏汽的热量二次回收利用。基于能量守恒方程和热力学定律,通过对循环中各设备部分建模分析,构建了新循环的热力模型,并与海洋温差能发电常用循环——朗肯循环进行性能对比分析,结果表明,新循环的热效率与净输出功相比朗肯循环均有显著提高,循环热效率最高可达4.565%,相较朗肯循环提高了25.9%。15 kW等级海洋温差能发电系统中,新循环的净输出功为7.038 kW,高于朗肯循环中的5.343 kW。新循环模型的建立及由此得到的各部分性能分析结果,可为海洋温差能商业化开发提供基础数据理论支撑。 相似文献
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针对海洋温差能可利用温差小,利用效率低的问题,本文提出了一种采用非共沸混合工质的新型海洋温差能回热循环,并基于热力学定律对提出的热力循环进行热力学分析。选取蒸发压力、工质的质量分数作为变量,对提出的热力循环进行热力学分析研究。研究结果表明:以工质质量分数为变量时,循环热效率和系统净输出随蒸发压力的增加先增大后减小,系统热效率在工质质量分数为0.91时取得最大值5.28%,净输出功在浓度为0.96时取得最大值3.83 kW。以蒸发压力为变量时,循环热效率和系统净输出随工质质量分数的增大先增大后减小,系统热效率在蒸发压力为0.595 MPa时取得最大值5.26%,净输出功在压力为0.58 MPa时取得最大值3.57 kW。在相同运行控制参数下与Uehara循环、Yoon循环进行对比,提出的循环系统热效率最佳。提出的热力循环系统分析结果可对提高海洋温差能利用效率提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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H. Searl Dunn 《Ocean Engineering》1977,4(1):23-39
The optimum performance of a simple Rankine cycle ocean thermal energy conversion plant is investigated analytically. It is shown that the ratio of maximum net power output to heat exchanger surface area varies as H(Δt − t0)2 where H describes the overall heat transfer properties of the evaporator and condenser, Δt is the temperature difference between the warm and cold sea water supplies, and t0 is a parameter depending primarily upon the pressure drops across the warm and cold sea water pumping systems. The model is relatively insensitive to the choice of working fluid, although ammonia is used as the illustrative example. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(9):1675-1686
To monitor and better understand temperature and salinity conditions in the Arctic Ocean interior, we developed a new Argo-type ocean profiling system for the polar oceans. This Polar Ocean Profiling System (POPS) consists mainly of an ice platform and an Argo-type subsurface CTD profiler. The ice platform includes a system controller that manages all data acquisition, processing, formatting, and messaging. Iridium satellite communication technology sends the observation data and also allows remote commands to be sent from the laboratory to the buoy. The profiler is mounted on an oceanographic cable interfaced to the platform; the profiler moves along the cable between depths of 10 and 1000 m. The inductive modem system provides data transfer between the ice platform and the profiler. In April 2005, field tests of the POPS were conducted in the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole. Later on, commands were sent via Iridium from the laboratory to the buoy to change the data sampling acquisition frequency, allowing us to obtain 14 temperature and salinity profiles during the first 22 days. We confirmed that POPS could measure temperature and salinity with conservative accuracies better than 0.01 °C for temperature and 0.01 for salinity. Following this test, we initiated the observation of the Arctic Ocean from 10 m down to 1000 m depths in April 2006 using POPS, and we also started sending the data to the global telecommunication system (GTS) in real time. These data are the first Argo data sent from the Arctic Ocean. Not only Arctic oceanographers but also everyone who is interested in Arctic oceanographic conditions can easily access these data from the Argo data server. 相似文献
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微型近红外光谱仪测量北极积雪覆盖海冰内部太阳辐照度可行性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The extremely low temperature, high humidity and limited power supply pose considerable challenges when using spectrometers within the Arctic sea ice. The feasibility of using a miniature low-power near-infrared spectrometer module to measure solar radiation in Arctic sea ice environments was investigated in this study.Temperature and integration time dependences of the spectrometer module were examined over the entire target operating range of –50℃ to 30℃, well below the specified operating range of this spectrometer. Using these observations, a dark output prediction model was developed to represent dark output as a function of temperature and integration time. Temperature-induced biases in the saturation output and linear operating range of the spectrometer were also determined. Temperature and integration time dependences of the signal output were evaluated. Two signal output correction models were developed and compared, to convert the signal output at any temperature within the operating temperature range and integration time to that measured at the reference temperature and integration time. The overall performance of the spectrometer was evaluated by integrating it into a refined fiber optic spectrometry system and measuring solar irradiance distribution in the ice cover with thickness of 1.85 m in the Arctic during the 9th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The general shape of the measured solar irradiance above the snow surface agreed well with that measured by other commercial oceanographic spectroradiometers. The measured optical properties of the sea ice were generally comparable to those of similar ice measured using other instruments. This approach provides a general framework for assessing the feasibility of using spectrometers for applications in cold environments. 相似文献
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北极海冰输出研究综述 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
北极海冰对全球气候变化起重要的指示作用。除了海水冻结和融化过程以外,通过弗拉姆海峡(Fram Strait)的海冰输出也是影响北极海冰质量变化的重要动力机制。观测数据中的多源卫星遥感数据(尤其是辐射计观测数据)在获取大尺度连续观测方面具有独特的优势,在研究北极海冰输出面积通量变化方面有着广泛应用。本文总结了北极弗拉姆海峡、其他通道(S-FJL、FJL-SZ、加拿大群岛、Nares海峡通道)海冰输出面积或体积通量,着重介绍了弗拉姆海峡不同年龄海冰输出情况,并总结和分析了影响北极海冰输运的大尺度大气活动模态。最后,本文阐明北极海冰输出方面现有研究的不足之处以及未来的突破方向。 相似文献
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This study explores the ice flow acceleration(21.1%) of Pedersenbreen during 2016–2017 after the extremely warm winter throughout the whole Arctic in 2015/2016 using in situ data and quantitatively analyses the factors contributing to this acceleration. Several data sets, including 2008–2018 air temperature data from Ny-?lesund,ten-year in situ GPS measurements and Elmer/Ice ice flow modelling under different ice temperature scenarios,suggest that the following factors contributed to the ice flow acceleration: the softened glacier ice caused by an increase in the air temperature(1.5℃) contributed 2.7%–30.5%, while basal lubrication contributed 69.5%–97.3%.The enhanced basal sliding was mostly due to the increased surface meltwater penetrating to the bedrock under the rising air temperature conditions; consequently, the glacier ice flow acceleration was caused mainly by an increase in subglacial water. For Pedersenbreen, there was an approximately one-year time lag between the change in air temperature and the change in glacier ice flow velocity. 相似文献