基于GIS的Logistic回归模型在区域滑坡敏感性评价中的应用

本文基于GIS技术和Logistic回归模型进行滑坡敏感性评价定量分析方法,并以江苏省连云港市郊区为研究区域,建立了地质、地形数据库等滑坡因子空间数据库和滑坡空间分布数据库,进行了滑坡影响因子敏感性分析。对连云港市郊区滑坡灾害在空间上的预测结果具有重要的现实意义,对推广应用、防灾减灾具有实际的指导意义。     

Landslide Susceptibility Analysis of Shiv-Khola Watershed, Darjiling: A Remote Sensing & GIS Based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

In the present study, Remote Sensing Technique and GIS tools were used to prepare landslide susceptibility map of Shiv-khola watershed, one of the landslide prone part of Darjiling Himalaya, based on 9 landslide inducing parameters like lithology, slope gradient, slope aspect, slope curvature, drainage density, upslope contributing area, land use and land cover, road contributing area and settlement density applying Analytical Hierarchy Approach (AHA). In this approach, quantification of the factors was executed on priority basis by pair-wise comparison of the factors. Couple comparing matrix of the factors were being made with reasonable consistency for understanding relative dominance of the factors as well as for assigning weighted mean/prioritized factor rating value for each landslide triggering factors through arithmetic mean method using MATLAB Software. The factor maps/thematic data layers were generated with the help of SOI Topo-sheet, LIIS-III Satellite Image (IRS P6/Sensor-LISS-III, Path-107, Row-052, date-18/03/2010) by using Erdas Imagine 8.5, PCI Geomatica, Arc View and ARC GIS Software. Landslide frequency (%) for each class of all the thematic data layers was calculated to assign the class weight value/rank value. Then, weighted linear combination (WLC) model was implied to determine the landslide susceptibility coefficient value (LSCV or ??M??) integrating factors weight and assigned class weight on GIS platform. Greater the value of M, higher is the propensity of landslide susceptibility over the space. Then Shivkhola watershed was classified into seven landslide susceptibility zones and the result was verified by ground truth assessment of existing landslide location where the classification accuracy was 92.86 and overall Kappa statistics was 0.8919.     

基于遥感技术的生态风险评价——以北京市为例

本文以北京市遥感影像数据和统计数据作为主要数据源,提取出了各个指标建立指标体系,应用主成分分析和模糊数学法对北京市进行了生态风险评价。从生态风险的等级、分布特点、多生态风险源、多生态风险受体以及多生态风险效应的角度对评价结果进行分析。     

基于遥感和GIS的辅助规划模型—以珠江三角洲可持续土地开发为例

提出利用遥感和ＧＩＳ来获得合理的城市发展布局和减少浪费土地资源的新方法。该模型是根据环境经济学资源分配原理和可持续发展理论,通过遥感和ＧＩＳ的综合来实现。模型的核心就是保证在时间和空间上合理地安排土地资源。由此评价了珠江三角洲东莞市近年来的土地开发,获得了有意义的结果。并通过模型的运算,给出了规划期内的土地利用的优化方案,以减少浪费土地资源的现象。     

基于遥感和GIS的辅助规划模型--以珠江三角洲可持续土地开发为例

提出利用遥感和 Ｇ Ｉ Ｓ来获得合理的城市发展布局和减少浪费土地资源的新方法。该模型是根据环境经济学资源分配原理和可持续发展理论,通过遥感和 Ｇ Ｉ Ｓ的结合来实现。模型的核心就是保证在时间和空间上合理地安排土地资源。由此评价了珠江三角洲东莞市近年来的土地开发,获得了有意义的结果。并通过模型的运算,给出了规划期内的土地利用的优化方案,以减少浪费土地资源的现象。     

基于GIS和遥感的水库面积计算方法比较研究——以石梁河水库为例

水库作为水利设施的重要组成部分,在蓄水、供水、防洪、泄洪等方面起着极为重要的作用。计算水库面积,对于水库的蓄水量,影响的流域范围等有着重要的参考价值。本文以石梁河水库为例,选取了较为常见的利用GIS技术和遥感技术计算水库面积的方法,并科学地比较了两种方法的优缺点,为选择水库面积计算方法提供有力依据。     

基于GIS和遥感技术的生态系统服务价值评估研究

生态系统能否得到科学、高效、健康的管理,关系到整个人类生活环境的长期稳定发展。随着人们对生态系统管理的过程研究和探讨的加深,其中生态系统服务价值评估已经成为了生态系统管理中的重点。本文主要探讨了基于GIS和遥感技术的生态系统服务价值评估研究在生态系统中的应用,通过以甘肃省草地生态系统为分析案例,建立相关评估系统模型,找到基于GIS和遥感技术的生态系统服务价值评估中更好的应用。     

旋转森林模型在滑坡易发性评价中的应用研究

以三峡库区万州段为研究区,从多源空间数据中提取29个致灾因子作为区域滑坡易发性分析的评价指标,在数字高程模型基础上采用集水区重叠法划分斜坡单元,构建旋转森林集成学习模型,定量预测滑坡空间易发性,并生成滑坡易发性分区图。在易发性分区图中,高易发区占11.6%,主要分布在万州主城区和长江及支流两岸;不易发区占45.6%,主要分布在人类工程活动低、植被覆盖度高的区域。采用受访者工作特征曲线和曲线下面积对旋转森林模型的滑坡易发性进行评价,结果显示该模型的预测精度为90.7%,其预测能力优于C4.5决策树。研究表明,应用旋转森林进行滑坡易发性评价具有预测能力强、精度高等优点。     

Near-Surface Permafrost Distribution Mapping Using Logistic Regression and Remote Sensing in Interior Alaska

A combination of binary logistic regression (BLR) and remote sensing techniques was used to generate a high-resolution spatially continuous near-surface (< 1.6 m) permafrost map. The BLR model was used to establish the relationship between vegetation type, aspect-slope, and permafrost presence; it predicted permafrost presence with an accuracy of 88%. Near-surface permafrost occupies 45% of the total vegetated area and 37% of the total study area. As less than 50% of the study area is underlain by near-surface permafrost, this distribution is characterized as "sporadic" for the study area.     

基于互补性参数的港湾初级生产力遥感及GIS探测模型

到目前为止,港湾初级生产力的遥感探测方法基本上集中在对叶绿素的光谱探测上,由于干扰因素的存在（海面波动,水中悬浮泥砂）,使遥感探测的精度受到影响。本文提出一种基于地理信息系统方法的具有互补性参数的港湾初级生产力遥感探测模型,由于互补性参数的存在,极大地提高了模型的抗干扰能力,使探测的精度得到明显改善。在广东大亚湾的初步试验表明：水交换状态参数的引用,模型的误差从６．５％降为０．２６％,精度大大提高,从而证明该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于遥感影像的城市热岛容量模型及其应用——以北京地区为例

城市热岛的定量化分析对于客观刻画热岛的物理特征、了解其对城市人居环境质量的影响等具有重要意义.针对区域尺度上城市热岛遥感研究缺乏定量、有效衡量指标的状况,为充分反映热岛信号的空间变化特征,按照热岛检测-热岛信号函数模拟-热岛容量建模的思路,建立了城市热岛容量模型.以北京城市热岛为对象的应用实例证明该模型能够综合热岛强度和热岛面积等多方面信息,满足城市热岛定量化分析的需求.研究结果表明,由于不同主导因子的影响,北京城市热岛存在显著的昼夜和季节差异.     

Urban Sprawl Analysis of Tripoli Metropolitan City (Libya) Using Remote Sensing Data and Multivariate Logistic Regression Model

The main objective of this paper is to analyze urban sprawl in the metropolitan city of Tripoli, Libya. Logistic regression model is used in modeling urban expansion patterns, and in investigating the relationship between urban sprawl and various driving forces. The 11 factors that influence urban sprawl occurrence used in this research are the distances to main active economic centers, to a central business district, to the nearest urbanized area, to educational area, to roads, and to urbanized areas; easting and northing coordinates; slope; restricted area; and population density. These factors were extracted from various existing maps and remotely sensed data. Subsequently, logistic regression coefficient of each factor is computed in the calibration phase using data from 1984 to 2002. Additionally, data from 2002 to 2010 were used in the validation. The validation of the logistic regression model was conducted using the relative operating characteristic (ROC) method. The validation result indicated 0.86 accuracy rate. Finally, the urban sprawl probability map was generated to estimate six scenarios of urban patterns for 2020 and 2025. The results indicated that the logistic regression model is effective in explaining urban expansion driving factors, their behaviors, and urban pattern formation. The logistic regression model has limitations in temporal dynamic analysis used in urban analysis studies. Thus, an integration of the logistic regression model with estimation and allocation techniques can be used to estimate and to locate urban land demands for a deeper understanding of future urban patterns.     

Landslide Mapping and Assessment by Integrating Landsat-8, PALSAR-2 and GIS Techniques: A Case Study from Kelantan State,Peninsular Malaysia

Integration of satellite remote sensing data and GIS techniques is an applicable approach for landslide mapping and assessment in highly vegetated regions with a tropical climate. In recent years, there have been many severe flooding and landslide events with significant damage to livestock, agricultural crop, homes, and businesses in the Kelantan river basin, Peninsular Malaysia. In this investigation, Landsat-8 and phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar-2 (PALSAR-2) datasets and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach were used to map landslide in Kelantan river basin, Peninsular Malaysia. Landslides were determined by tracking changes in vegetation pixel data using Landsat-8 images that acquired before and after flooding. The PALSAR-2 data were used for comprehensive analysis of major geological structures and detailed characterizations of lineaments in the state of Kelantan. AHP approach was used for landslide susceptibility mapping. Several factors such as slope, aspect, soil, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index, land cover, distance to drainage, precipitation, distance to fault, and distance to the road were extracted from remotely sensed data and fieldwork to apply AHP approach. The excessive rainfall during the flood episode is a paramount factor for numerous landslide occurrences at various magnitudes, therefore, rainfall analysis was carried out based on daily precipitation before and during flood episode in the Kelantan state. The main triggering factors for landslides are mainly due to the extreme precipitation rate during the flooding period, apart from the favorable environmental factors such as removal of vegetation within slope areas, and also landscape development near slopes. Two main outputs of this study were landslide inventory occurrences map during 2014 flooding episode and landslide susceptibility map for entire Kelantan state. Modeled/predicted landslides with a susceptible map generated prior and post-flood episode, confirmed that intense rainfall throughout Kelantan has contributed to produce numerous landslides with various sizes. It is concluded that precipitation is the most influential factor for landslide event. According to the landslide susceptibility map, 65% of the river basin of Kelantan is found to be under the category of low landslide susceptibility zone, while 35% class in a high-altitude segment of the south and south-western part of the Kelantan state located within high susceptibility zone. Further actions and caution need to be remarked by the local related authority of the Kelantan state in very high susceptibility zone to avoid further wealth and people loss in the future. Geo-hazard mitigation programs must be conducted in the landslide recurrence regions for reducing natural catastrophes leading to loss of financial investments and death in the Kelantan river basin. This investigation indicates that integration of Landsat-8 and PALSAR-2 remotely sensed data and GIS techniques is an applicable tool for Landslide mapping and assessment in tropical environments.     

Assessment of Coastal Erosion Vulnerability around Midnapur-Balasore Coast, Eastern India using Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Digha coastal region in the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal is potentially vulnerable to erosional hazard. The present study assessed the coastal erosion vulnerability along this 65 km long coastal stretch located between Rasulpur (Midnapur) and Subarnarekha (Balasore) estuarine complex, which had been subjected to anthropogenic intervention. Multi-resolution Landsat satellite imagery were used for shoreline change study from 1972 to 2010. During this period, accretion was recorded updrift of artificial structures, viz, seawall, groin, pylons and jetties; while, extensive erosion was recorded in downdrift areas of these structures. Assessment was subsequently divided into four categories ranging from “high erosion” to “accretion”. Data from several sources were compiled to map landuse and human activities in the coastal zone. This map was divided into four categories, ranging from “very high capital” to “no capital” landuse. Population density map of the surrounding coastal villages was generated using census data, and divided into four categories ranging from “high density area” to “very low density area”. Subsequently, coastal erosion vulnerability was assessed by combining coastal retreat with landuse type and population density in this study area using simple vector algebraic technique. Zones of vulnerability of different magnitude (viz., very high, high, moderate, and low) have been identified. Furthermore, calculation of “imminent collapse zone (ICZ)” shows that maximum values are around artificial structures and anthropogenic activities. The coastal erosion vulnerability map prepared from this study can be used for proper planning and management of this coastal region.     

遥感在矿产资源潜力评价中的综合应用研究——以山西省为例

以山西省遥感地质找矿为例,以区域地质和成矿理论为基础,通过对ETM+遥感图像进行控矿构造要素、控矿环形要素、色调异常、找矿标志、蚀变矿化异常等遥感要素的解译和研究,从宏观上总结了区域性大型断裂与成矿的关系,提出区域遥感地质找矿模型;在微观上圈定了遥感最小预测区,为矿产资源潜力评价和找矿预测提供重要线索和依据。所取得的成果和经验可为今后山西省的遥感地质找矿工作打下基础。     

Assessment and Management Flash Flood in Najran Wady Using GIS and Remote Sensing

Flash flood assessment and management are necessary for municipal, urban growth planning and emergency action plans. By using the Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System software, we can model flash flood events and calculate water surface profiles over the length of the modeled stream. After collecting elevation points by using GPS method, the digital elevation model can be calculated for the study area. Najran city has main flood stream passes beside King Abdullah Road based on facts and previous works. A small study area including the mainstream of Wady Najran and King Abdullah Road has chosen as test site. The used methodology has also been proved efficiently for identifying flood inundation maps. Water extent area overlapped by 52–86% for both used methods. At discharge Q = 15 m³/s, the road needs to be protected from the flood.     

基于证据权重法的区域地质环境稳定性遥感评价研究

西南三江地区活动构造发育,地质灾害与地震频发,区域地质环境稳定性成为影响该区人居环境最为重要和突出的问题。为快速有效评价区内地质环境的稳定性状况,采用遥感与地理信息技术,结合地质成因进行稳定性相关因子分析,以区域地质环境遥感调查因子,如地震、地质灾害、活动断裂、岩性及地貌等,作为基础地质环境要素,利用证据权重法开展了云南省金沙江流域稳定性定量评价研究,对区域地质环境稳定性进行了分区。结果表明,基于权重的区域地质环境遥感定量评价方法具有较好的可行性,其结果可为区域国土资源规划提供有效的信息基础及决策支持服务。     

印度洋海啸灾害遥感监测与评估——以印度尼西亚亚齐省为例

介绍了运用新一代中分辨率小卫星数据———英国灾害监测小卫星(DMC,DisasterMonitoringConstellation)数据源,以印度尼西亚亚齐省为例,采用遥感数据作为信息源,对2004-12-26印尼苏门答腊岛西北海域发生的里氏9·0级的强烈地震所引发的印度洋海啸灾害进行了监测评估。所获得的小卫星图像预处理后,通过对图像中受损失地物的光谱信息分析、受损失信息与环境背景信息的对比分析,进而建立其判读标志;并在此基础上进行损失程度分级判读、统计分析等,实现了从小卫星图像上对海啸灾情损失的遥感快速监测评估。其监测评估结果为中国开展国际援助提供了客观依据,其技术方法为海啸灾害及其它灾害的遥感快速监测评价提供了技术思路,也为中国即将发射运行的灾害和环境监测预报小卫星星座及中国DMC小卫星的应用提供必要的经验及技术支持。     

无人机遥感数据支持下滑坡VR场景探索分析方法

滑坡灾害是最常见的地质灾害之一,无人机遥感和虚拟现实（virtual reality,VR）技术的快速发展为滑坡灾害沉浸式模拟与可视化分析提供了重要的数据资源和技术支持。拟重点开展滑坡灾害VR场景动态构建与探索分析研究,探讨了滑坡灾害数据多样化组织、VR场景动态融合表达等关键技术,提出了基于手柄射线的VR场景交互方法,在此基础上进行了原型系统研发与案例试验分析。试验结果表明,所提方法在无人机遥感数据支持下能够动态构建滑坡灾害VR场景,并且能够支持用户沉浸式交互与滑坡灾情信息分析。