班公湖—双湖—怒江—昌宁—孟连对接带时空结构——特提斯大洋地质及演化问题

班公湖—双湖—怒江（中北段）—昌宁—孟连对接带广泛出露特提斯大洋岩石圈俯冲消减过程中产生的不同时代、不同构造环境、不同变质程度、不同变形样式的洋板块构造地层系统、增生混杂的构造—岩石组合体,可识别出增生的远洋沉积岩、海沟浊积岩、古生代—中生代蛇绿岩、蛇绿混杂岩、洋岛-海山消减增生楔、洋底沉积增生杂岩,基底残块以及以蓝片岩、榴辉岩为代表的高压—超高压变质岩带,记录了青藏高原原古特提斯大洋形成演化的地质信息。班公湖—双湖—怒江—昌宁—孟连对接带是青藏高原中部一条重要的原古特提斯大洋自北向南后退式俯冲消亡的巨型增生杂岩带,构筑了冈瓦纳大陆与劳亚-泛华夏大陆分界带。     

狼山—武威—共和断裂带和地热分布

狼山—武威—共和断裂带是近年来根据重力、航磁资料解释发现的规模仅次于郯庐断裂的大型走滑隐伏断裂带。该断裂带沿狼山—武威—共和一线呈NEE向延伸 ,横切了北大山、龙首山、祁连山和西秦岭造山带 ,使蒙甘青地区在地球物理场和区域构造格架上具有EW分块的基本格局。沿该断裂 ,温泉、地热异常成群、成带分布 ,与其南段亚东—羊八井—那曲走滑断裂 ,构成中国西部一条近SN向导热、控震断裂构造。     

华北太行—燕山—辽西地区燕山期(J—K)造山过程与成矿作用

太行—燕山—辽西造山带是中国东部一个重要的燕山期(J—K)Au-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Fe金属成矿带,亦是燕山期煤田分布的重要地带。讨论了该区18个燕山期金属矿床及其相关的侵入体的同位素年龄,两者在时间上的总体一致性,以及重要煤田的形成与特征时代的沉积建造相伴生,均从年代学的约束方面提供了成矿作用与燕山期岩浆—构造事件的成因联系。在已有的燕山造山带岩浆构造事件序列的基础上,把成矿作用纳入其中,提出了该造山带燕山期岩浆—沉积—构造—成矿事件序列的初步框架。进而,从物质组成的角度,讨论了该造山带金属成矿作用与火成岩组合的成因联系;同时也讨论了成矿作用可能的源区以及成矿作用的阶段性与造山带之间的成生联系。提出了造山带与成矿作用的初步框架模型。前造山幕—初始造山幕(J1)和后造山幕(K21)比较宁静的构造环境和湿热环境为煤田形成提供良好的动力学环境。同造山幕的大规模岩浆活动为金属矿床形成提供重要背景:早期造山幕(J2)伴随古老下地壳的熔融,生成以安山质为主的岩浆活动及伴生主要的Au和Pb、Zn矿床;峰期造山幕(J3),陆壳升温达峰值,导致上地壳岩石的大规模熔融作用,形成大规模花岗质岩浆的侵入,伴生大量Mo矿;晚期造山幕(K11),“过热的”上部地壳开始降温,壳幔深部的镁铁质岩浆更多地喷出和侵入,伴生Fe矿床的形成,同时,新形成的侏罗纪下地壳熔融,伴生Cu矿。     

四川通江—南江—巴中地区长兴组—飞仙关组沉积模式

有关通江—南江—巴中地区长兴组—飞仙关组沉积模式及其空间分布的研究较少,并且较为粗略。以前认为该区发育开阔台地、缓坡和盆地等沉积相沉积,但对缓坡相尚未进行详细的划分,是否存在台地边缘礁滩相带未能提出明确的认识。因此,利用新的资料,开展长兴组—飞仙关组沉积相研究对通南巴地区的油气勘探具有非常重要的意义。本文在以往研究的基础上,利用地表露头和地震资料,初步建立了通南巴地区长兴组—飞仙关组沉积模式,认为该区存在台地边缘礁滩相带,建议油气勘探部门给予重视。     

黔北务—正—道铝土矿中稀土元素赋存状态

铝土矿中常伴生稀土等重要的战略性矿产资源,具有巨大潜在经济价值.本文通过化学物相分析,包括水溶相、离子相、胶态沉积相和矿物相4个相态进行逐级分离,以及碳酸盐类、有机质、铁矿物类、石英及硅酸盐类进行逐级分离等,研究了黔北务—正—道铝土矿中稀土元素的赋存状态.结果表明,该区铝土矿中稀土元素主要是以矿物相和离子相为主,水溶相稀土和胶态沉积相稀土极少,且矿物相稀土元素主要赋存于硅酸盐类矿物中.结合该区铝土矿矿物组成特征,认为粘土矿物是其中稀土元素主要的载体矿物,主要呈类质同象形式赋存于粘土矿物(如高岭石和绿泥石等)中,部分稀土元素呈分散状态被铝矿物(如一水硬铝石、软水铝石、三水铝石等)以及粘土矿物吸附.     

黔北务—正—道地区新木—宴溪铝土矿含矿岩系底部稀土元素富集机制

通过对黔北务—正—道地区新木—宴溪铝土矿样品主量和稀土元素的系统分析,探讨了黔北铝土矿稀土元素富集特征以及底部层位中稀土元素的富集机制.研究认为:1)介质pH值以及剖面上铝土矿化程度是稀土元素富集的关键影响因素,含矿岩系底部由于地下水活性减弱以及碳酸盐岩基岩的影响,pH为中性到碱性,有利于稀土元素聚集,且铝土矿稀土元素含量随着风化程度的降低而增加;2)铝土矿底部的更高含量的粘土矿物是造成铝土矿含矿岩系底部稀土元素富集的重要因素之一,REE主要的寄主矿物磷灰石也更易于在含矿岩系底部保存,而铝土矿底部自生稀土矿物的存在也是造成含矿岩系底部稀土元素富集的因素之一;3)针铁矿对稀土元素尤其是轻稀土元素发挥了重要的吸附作用,新木—宴溪铝土矿底部层位Fe含量相对较高,且含矿岩系底部接近中性到偏碱性的pH值,更有利于针铁矿的形成.4)稀土元素富集与氧化还原环境有关.该矿床底部部分样品Ce明显负异常,说明弱氧化的沉积环境可能有利于稀土的富集.样品的δCe与(La/Nd)N近似呈弱的负相关关系,表明轻稀土的富集可能与介质的氧化还原条件有关,在弱氧化的条件下,轻稀土越富集.     

南天山—北山—索伦—长春缝合带的性质与演化

南天山—北山—索伦—长春缝合带作为古亚洲洋的最终闭合位置,其形成与演化特征一直以来都是中亚造山带相关研究的焦点与热点问题。对于该缝合带形成时代以及俯冲极性等方面的研究,有利于揭示中亚造山带的增生与演化历史,为古亚洲洋构造演化模型的建立提供理论支持。笔者等依据南天山—北山—索伦—长春缝合带内的大地构造背景、构造岩石组成、闭合方式和闭合时代的差异,自西向东将其分为4段：① 南天山缝合带位于缝合带西段,形成于塔里木板块向北俯冲与哈萨克斯坦—伊犁地块发生拼贴的过程中,根据高压变质年龄、钉合岩体以及不整合盖层等证据来综合分析,其闭合时代应为晚石炭世;② 北山缝合带位于缝合带中段,形成于敦煌地块和阿拉善地块向北俯冲与北部图瓦—蒙古板块发生拼贴的过程中,根据带内蛇绿岩的年代学证据限定其闭合时代应为早—中二叠世。阿拉善地块北缘的两条蛇绿岩带作为北山缝合带与索伦—长春缝合带之间的连接带,分别代表了古亚洲洋在该区域闭合时形成的缝合带和弧后盆地,其形成时代应当为中二叠世—晚二叠世早期;③ 索伦—长春缝合带位于缝合带中—东段,古亚洲洋在该地区同时发生了南北两侧的双向俯冲,两侧地块在中二叠世—早三叠世完成拼贴;④长春—延吉缝合带形成于中三叠世前后华北板块与佳木斯—兴凯地块的俯冲增生过程中,其较西侧索伦—长春缝合带的形成时间（270~250 Ma）晚20~30 Ma。因此长春—延吉缝合带与索伦—长春缝合带的形成时代与构造背景存在显著的差异,不属于其东延部分。在上述分析基础上,笔者等认为古亚洲洋沿南天山—北山—索伦—长春缝合带自西向东发生了4个阶段的演化过程,闭合时代自西向东逐渐变年轻,整个过程从晚石炭世一直持续到了三叠世,其中长春—延吉缝合带记录了古亚洲洋和古太平洋构造域叠加与转换的地质过程。     

内蒙古达茂旗花岗岩类LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

对内蒙古达茂旗北部构造单元的巴特敖包岛弧带2个花岗闪长岩岩体样品和南部构造单元一个花岗岩岩体的2件样品进行了LA—ICP-MS锆石u—Pb定年。北部构造单元采自2个花岗闪长岩岩体的样品锆石^206Pb／^238U年龄分别为468Ma±2Ma和452Ma±2Ma,代表了这2个岩体的侵位时间,表明古亚洲洋向华北克拉通之下俯冲不晚于468Ma±2Ma;南部构造单元采自同一花岗岩岩体的2件样品获得的锆石~pb／z38U年龄分别为268Ma±2Ma和264Ma±2Ma,和该单元西部岩体已有的锆石年龄相符。这为华北克拉通北缘岩浆作用研究提供了新的年代学证据。     

南天山—北山—索伦—长春缝合带的性质与演化

南天山—北山—索伦—长春缝合带作为古亚洲洋的最终闭合位置,其形成与演化特征一直以来都是中亚造山带相关研究的焦点与热点问题。对于该缝合带形成时代以及俯冲极性等方面的研究,有利于揭示中亚造山带的增生与演化历史,为古亚洲洋构造演化模型的建立提供理论支持。笔者等依据南天山—北山—索伦—长春缝合带内的大地构造背景、构造岩石组成、闭合方式和闭合时代的差异,自西向东将其分为4段：① 南天山缝合带位于缝合带西段,形成于塔里木板块向北俯冲与哈萨克斯坦—伊犁地块发生拼贴的过程中,根据高压变质年龄、钉合岩体以及不整合盖层等证据来综合分析,其闭合时代应为晚石炭世;② 北山缝合带位于缝合带中段,形成于敦煌地块和阿拉善地块向北俯冲与北部图瓦—蒙古板块发生拼贴的过程中,根据带内蛇绿岩的年代学证据限定其闭合时代应为早—中二叠世。阿拉善地块北缘的两条蛇绿岩带作为北山缝合带与索伦—长春缝合带之间的连接带,分别代表了古亚洲洋在该区域闭合时形成的缝合带和弧后盆地,其形成时代应当为中二叠世—晚二叠世早期;③ 索伦—长春缝合带位于缝合带中—东段,古亚洲洋在该地区同时发生了南北两侧的双向俯冲,两侧地块在中二叠世—早三叠世完成拼贴;④长春—延吉缝合带形成于中三叠世前后华北板块与佳木斯—兴凯地块的俯冲增生过程中,其较西侧索伦—长春缝合带的形成时间（270~250 Ma）晚20~30 Ma。因此长春—延吉缝合带与索伦—长春缝合带的形成时代与构造背景存在显著的差异,不属于其东延部分。在上述分析基础上,笔者等认为古亚洲洋沿南天山—北山—索伦—长春缝合带自西向东发生了4个阶段的演化过程,闭合时代自西向东逐渐变年轻,整个过程从晚石炭世一直持续到了三叠世,其中长春—延吉缝合带记录了古亚洲洋和古太平洋构造域叠加与转换的地质过程。     

甘肃北山地区北部上石炭统火山岩LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其构造意义

北山地区处于华北板块、塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块的交会带,其晚古生代洋陆转化备受关注,但久有争议。该区晚古生代地层学研究不足,制约了对构造演化的深入讨论。通过LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb测年获得北山北部黑鹰山地区原定为下石炭统白山组火山岩的年龄分别为308．6Ma±1．0Ma和299．1Ma±2．4Ma,时代为晚石炭世。研究区内白山组时代的修订可以为该区构造演化提供一定的依据。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.