桂东南大容山-十万大山S型花岗岩带的成因：地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

本文报道桂东南大容山-十万大山花岗岩带浦北岩体(东北带)、旧州岩体(中部带)和台马岩体(西南带)全岩的主、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石的LAM-MC-ICPMS原位Hf同位素分析结果。岩石学及元素地球化学结果显示:上述三个岩体为典型S型花岗岩;高I_(Sr)(>0.721)和低ε_(Nd)(t)(-13.0～-9.9)意味着它们可能来自古老地壳的重熔。岩浆结晶(～230Ma)锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值主要集中在-11～-9,相应的T_(DM2)模式年龄为1.9～1.8Ga;少数结晶锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值逐渐升高到-4.5,T_(DM2)降低为～1.5Ga。捕获锆石(1681～384Ma)的的ε_(Hf)(t)值分布在-17.1～ 3.4,T_(DM2)主要集中在2.4Ga、1.9Ga和1.5Ga。大部分岩浆结晶锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值与根据"全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值和‘地壳Hf-Nd相关’预测值"基本一致,表明平均地壳存留年龄为1.9Ga的地壳是最重要的物源区。部分岩浆锆石与捕获锆石具有相同的T_(DM2)～1.5Ga,表明平均地壳存留年龄为1.5Ga的物源区参与了该花岗岩带的形成;由于缺少T_(DM2)>2.0Ga的岩浆锆石,少量平均地壳存留年龄为2.4Ga的再循环地壳物质参与了该花岗岩带的形成。因为缺少显著幔源特征的高ε_(Hf)(t)值锆石,本文认为地幔物质基本没有参与该S型花岗岩带的形成。     

下扬子地区姚村A型花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及岩石成因

姚村岩体位于下扬子江南造山带东北端,主要由中心相的中粗粒正长花岗岩和边缘相的细粒似斑状正长花岗岩组成。本文对该岩体进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、主量元素、微量元素以及Nd-Hf同位素研究。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年表明姚村岩体的形成年龄为(127.6±1.4)Ma,为燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学研究表明姚村岩体属于A型花岗岩,具高硅、富铁,锆饱和温度高、轻重稀土分馏明显、富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等元素而亏损Ba、Nb、Sr和Ti等元素、铕负异常显著(Eu/Eu*=0.22～0.46)的特点。姚村岩体的全岩εNd(t)值与锆石εHf(t)值分别变化于-6.2～-5.7和-13.9～-5.0,两阶段Nd和Hf同位素模式年龄分别为T_(DM2)(Nd)=1439～1532 Ma和T_(DM2)(Hf)=1508～2062 Ma,Nd同位素的模式年龄重叠于Hf同位素模式年龄。结合区域地质研究成果认为,姚村岩体可能于早白垩世古太平洋板块俯冲作用之后伸展-拉伸环境下,由中元古代地壳重熔而成。     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区古生代花岗质侵入岩全岩Sr-Nd和锆石Hf同位素地球化学特征及其意义

白海子南岩体是库鲁克塔格地区典型的古生代花岗质侵入岩。深入了解该岩体岩石成因及物质来源,对研究库鲁克塔格地区构造背景及古生代地壳演化过程具有重要意义。笔者对白海子南岩体进行了系统的全岩Sr-Nd和锆石Hf同位素及锆石微量元素研究。结果表明,该岩体具有中等I_(Sr)(0.710 01～0.712 87)比值,富集的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-21.01～-18.07)和ε_(Hf)(t)值(-26.55～-17.28),对应的Nd二阶段模式年龄(T_(DM2))和Hf模式年龄(T_(DMC))分别为2.60～2.84 Ga和2.43～3.00 Ga,表明其是古元古代早期—新太古代地壳物质再循环的产物。锆石微量元素分析表明,该岩体锆石为壳源岩浆锆石,T_(Zr)均值为745℃,T_(Ti)均值为692℃,属于"冷"岩浆,岩体形成于主动大陆边缘,是南天山洋向南俯冲到塔里木克拉通之下后期阶段的产物,俯冲过程中幔源岩浆底侵产生的余热为该岩体熔融提供热源。在库鲁克塔格地区发现多期次古生代花岗质侵入岩,这些岩体的ε_(Nd)(t)值和锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值随年龄的减小呈现先上升后下降的趋势,结合前人已有资料,推测在南天山洋向塔里木克拉通俯冲过程中,库鲁克塔格地区奥陶纪—早石炭世地壳演化经历了先减薄再加厚的演化过程。     

湖南桂阳大义山南体(太坪山单元)花岗岩形成时代及物质来源探讨

在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文通过对湖南省桂阳县大义山南体(太坪山单元)黑云母二长花岗岩的岩石化学、锆石U-Pb定年和全岩Sm-Nd同位素以及锆石原位Hf同位素的综合研究,参照前人研究成果,探讨其岩石化学性质、形成时代、物质来源以及形成机制等。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(238)U)加权平均年龄为153.4±1.1Ma,两颗继承锆石核n(~(207)Pb)/n(~(206)Pb)年龄分别为2449Ma和2498 Ma。岩石高硅、富碱、高钾钙碱性、准铝质到弱过铝质,富集轻稀土元素、部分大离子亲石元素(Rb、K等)和Th、U、Pb等元素,亏损部分高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和Ba、Sr、P等元素。该岩体zr+Nb+Ce+Y350×10~(-6),10000*Ga/Al2.6,显示出A型花岗岩的特征。全岩Sm-Nd同位素显示ε_(Nd)(t)=-6.94~-5.19,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)=1.37~1.51 Ga。锆石原位Hf同位素显示,锆石ε_(Hf)(t)=-9.35~-1.16,T_(DM2)=1.28~1.79 Ga。两颗继承锆石核ε_(Hf)(t)分别为-6.82和1.48。岩石化学和同位素特征表明岩石主要来源于元古代地壳变质杂岩的部分熔融,并可能有少量地幔物质的加入。燕山早期,由于俯冲的古太平洋板块后撤,研究区处于伸展的构造环境,岩石圈减薄,软流圈上涌,导致玄武质岩浆底侵,诱发上覆的古元古代下地壳部分熔融,形成花岗质岩浆,并沿着深大断裂带运移侵位,形成大义山南体(太坪山单元)黑云母二长花岗岩。     

河南东沟钼矿花岗斑岩成因: 岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

本研究对东沟超大型钼矿床的成矿母岩-东沟花岗斑岩开展了系统的年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析工作.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,东沟花岗斑岩成岩年龄为114～117Ma,与已有的成矿年龄(116±2Ma,Re-Os法)一致,证实了东沟钼矿为一斑岩型矿床.详细的岩石地球化学分析显示东沟花岗斑岩岩体与区域上太山庙大型花岗岩基为同源演化关系,它们均为弱过铝质,具有富Si、富K、富Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素、富Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,贫Fe、Mg、Ca,贫Sr、Ba,Ga/Al比值较高等地球化学特征,属铝质A型花岗岩,形成于伸展构造体制,东沟岩体是母岩浆经历了强烈结晶分异高度演化的产物;东沟岩体Nd同位素组成为0.51166～0.51182,ε_(Nd)(t))值在-17.3～-14.3之间,锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值变化较大,由-3.4至-18.7,另有一颗年龄为1715Ma的捕获锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-2.4,Nd、Hf模式年龄分别为1.5～1.8Ga与1.3～1.7Ga.我们认为东沟岩体的岩浆源区以古老地壳物质为主,但也有少量幔源组分参入,并且幔源物质的加入及很高的岩浆演化程度可能对东沟钼矿的成岩成矿过程具有重要作用.     

华北陆块北缘崇礼-赤城地区晚古生代花岗岩类的锆石年龄和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成

本文报道冀北崇礼-赤城地区晚古生代花岗岩类岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成特征.它们出露在华北陆块北缘的构造单元内,侵位于中高级变质基底岩石红旗营子群中.锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,海流图花岗岩岩体记录了两期岩浆作用,即299±3Ma和254±11Ma;镇宁堡片麻状二长花岗岩和白花沟片麻状黑云母石英二长闪长岩分别形成于287±1Ma和252±3Ma.这些晚古生代花岗岩类岩石具有较低的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值(0.7062～0.7076)、低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-18.1至-9.6)和古老的Nd亏损地幔模式年龄(2.49～1.87Ga).其锆石的ε~(Hf)(t)值变化在-13.2至-7.4之间,Hf平均地壳模式年龄值(T_(DM)~C)在2.15Ga至1.79Ga之间.锆石Hf同位素特征与全岩Nd同位素特征指示古老的华北陆块地壳物质是花岗岩浆的主要物源.在形成时代和地球化学特征上,崇礼-赤城地区晚古生代花岗岩与出露在东部丰宁-承德地区的花岗岩类岩石既有相似性,又有不同之处,可能代表华北陆块北缘不同构造背景下岩浆作用的产物.     

蚌埠隆起区中生代花岗岩的岩石成因：锆石Hf同位素的证据

对蚌埠隆起区中生代不同时期的花岗岩中6个岩体的锆石LA-MC-ICP MS原位Hf同位素的研究,据此限定它们的岩浆源区和重建华北克拉通东南部的构造格架。结果表明,中生代不同时期的花岗岩中岩浆锆石的初始Hf同位素组成(ε_(Hf)(t))可以分成两组:第一组的女山(130Ma)和西庐山花岗岩(130Ma)的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为-18.4和-16.1;第二组的曹山(110Ma)、锥山二长花岗岩(110Ma)和蚂蚁山花岗岩(110Ma)以及淮光花岗闪长岩(130Ma)的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为-22.3、-23.1和-21.1以及-28.1,这些岩浆锆石低的ε_(Hf)(t)值表明它们可能来源于古老的大陆下地壳。女山和西庐山岩体中早古生代—新元古代继承锆石具有低的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-2.3～-7.7)和1.52Ga～1.79Ga的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄,表明它们的岩浆源区主要以扬子克拉通下地壳物质为主。曹山、锥山和蚂蚁山以及淮光岩体中岩浆锆石的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1.89Ga～2.58Ga,结合淮光岩体中古元古代继承锆石和3400Ma捕获锆石中低的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-5.7～-6.8,-0.6、-0.9)和古老的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄(2.44Ga～2.80Ga,3.7Ga),表明它们主要来源于华北克拉通下地壳物质的部分熔融。淮光和女山岩体中古元古代—新太古宙继承锆石中正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(0.3～6.7)以及高的ε_(Hf)(t)值(16.9～21.7)的存在,暗示形成这些古老继承锆石的初始物质中有幔源物质的涉入。蚌埠隆起区深部地壳中扬子克拉通基底物质的存在暗示扬子克拉通可能沿着郯庐断裂带向西或北西方向俯冲于华北克拉通之下。     

长江中下游地区九瑞矿集区邓家山花岗闪长斑岩的地球化学与成因研究

邓家山是长江中下游成矿带九瑞矿集区西北部的一处矽卡岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿床.矿区与成矿关系密切的岩体为花岗闪长斑岩.本文通过锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年确定,该岩体侵位于早白垩世早期(138.2±1.8Ma).常微量元素分析结果表明,邓家山花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征,表现为高Sr(＞650×10~(-6))、Ba(＞700×10~(-6)),低Y(＜12×10~(-6)),Yb(＜1×10~(-6)),Nb(＜10×10~(-6)),Ta(＜0.7×10~(-6)),富集轻稀土而强烈亏损重稀土(LREE/HREE=12.2～13.5).邓家山花岗闪长斑岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,为0.7068～0.7071,ε_(Nd)(t)为-2.7～-2.3,Nd同位素两阶段模式年龄T_(2DM)为1.13Ga～1.15Ga.锆石的Hf同位素分析结果表明,~(176)Ht/~(177)Hf值为0.282475～0.282539,计算的ε_(Hf)(t))值为-5.2～-7.5,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄T2DM为1.52Ga～1.67Ga.全岩ε_(Nd)(t)与锆石ε_(Hf)(t))之间出现了较为明显的Nd-Hf同位素解耦.根据以上特征,我们认为邓家山花岗闪长斑岩是壳幔相互作用的产物,即增厚下地壳拆沉并部分熔融,岩浆在上升过程中又与地幔橄榄岩发生大规模混染.     

西大别山早白垩世谭冲和陈冲花岗岩体U- Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr- Nd- Hf同位素特征：对岩石成因和下地壳拆沉时限的约束

谭冲和陈冲岩体出露于西大别造山带新县岩基北缘,主要岩性分别为二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩。为理解其岩石成因和构造属性,对两个岩体开展了激光等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb测年、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究。结果表明,谭冲和陈冲岩体锆石U-Pb年龄分别为133.5±1.1Ma(MSDW=0.63)和132.9±1.1Ma(MSDW=1.30),暗示其形成于早白垩世。岩石均具有较高的SiO_2(69.40%～77.82%)、Al_2O_3(11.72%～15.26%)和总碱(Na_2O+K_2O=6.40%～8.70%)含量,K_2O/Na_2O比值大于1,过铝质(A/CNK=1.14～1.66,一个样品值0.97除外)等特点,总体归为高钾钙碱性系列。岩石富集轻稀土((La/Yb)_N=22.98～28.64),负Eu异常不明显,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti和Y元素。岩石锶同位素初始比值I_(Sr)为0.707220～0.707557,钕同位素ε_(Nd)(t)值为-17.7～-18.1,两阶段Nd模式年龄T_(DM2)=2.36～2.40Ga。锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值集中于-21.4～-25.8,两阶段Hf模式年龄T_(DM2)=2.24～2.48Ga。详细的矿物组成、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析揭示,两个岩体成因类型均为分异的I型花岗岩,起源于残留相含有石榴子石的部分熔融岩浆。岩浆房形成压力和深度较大,可能是在加厚下地壳环境扬子陆块北缘古老陆壳物质重熔的产物。结合区域同期岩浆岩对比研究认为,西大别地区与东大别地区加厚下地壳拆沉时限基本一致,发生在133Ma左右。     

越南西北部Posen花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征

本文报道出露于越南西北部的Posen花岗岩岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征,讨论岩石成因和该地区新元古代岩浆作用的大地构造意义.分析3个花岗岩样品获得723Ma至760Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄,表明花岗岩形成于新元古代.该花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素组成有较大的变化范围,ε_(Hf)(t)值变化范围为-16.1至+3.4,单阶段Hf模式年龄为1186～1945Ma,暗示Posen花岗岩有着复杂的源区物源组成.在误差范围内,锆石两阶段Hf同位素模式年龄值主要集中在2.0～2.1Ga,与两阶段Nd同位素模式年龄值2.1～2.2Ga一致,说明花岗岩体主要由古元古代地壳物质部分熔融形成的.部分锆石颗粒具有正ε_(Hf)(t)值,可能指示花岗岩岩浆形成过程中存在壳-幔混合相互作用.在越南西北部发育新元古代岩浆作用可能与扬子板块广泛发育的、伴随Rodinia超大陆裂解过程的岩浆活动存在成因的联系,也揭示越南西北部地体可能与扬子板块具有亲缘关系,因此,可以推断马江断裂带应该代表印支板块和华南板块之间的古特提斯缝合带在越南西北部的延伸.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)