新矿物——铊明矾

铊明矾 (lanmuchangite ,TlAl[SO4]2 ·12H2 O)是在贵州滥木厂铊 (汞 )矿床富铊矿体氧化带中发现的一种铊的硫酸盐新矿物。该矿物为产于氧化带的次生矿物 ,其共生矿物为水绿矾、镁铝矾、钾明矾、黄钾铁矾、石膏、自然硫、砷华及某些未知矿物。其矿物集合体大小一般为 2～ 10mm ,集合体多为致密块状 ,单晶呈他形粒状 ,4 0～ 90 μm ,偶见平行柱状集合体 ,半自形至自形柱状晶体 ,直径 15～ 65 μm。白色至淡黄色 ,玻璃光泽 ,透明 ,易溶于水。偏光显微镜下无色 ,均质体 ,实测折光率为 1.4 95。维氏硬度为 94～ 12 4kg/mm2 ,摩氏硬度为 3 .1～ 3 .4 ,实测密度 2 .2 2 g/cm3。平均化学成分 :Tl2 O =3 3 .2 5 % ,Al2 O3=8.0 7% ,SO3=2 5 .19% ,SiO2=0 .10 % ,K2 O =0 .3 5 % ,CaO =0 .0 8% ,MgO =0 .0 6% ,FeO =0 .0 4 % ,H2 O =3 3 .4 6% ,总和 10 0 .60 % ,除结晶水由热重分析 (TG)求得 ( 3件样品平均 )外 ,其余成分均由电子探针分析 ( 6点平均 )求得。化学式为(Tl1.0 0 K0 .0 5) 1.0 5(Al1.0 1Si0 .0 2 Ca0 .0 1Mg0 .0 1Fe0 .0 1) 1.0 6 [SO4]2 .0 2 ·11.86H2 O ,理论式为TlAl[SO4]2 ·12H2 O。X射线粉末衍射主要强线 [d(I,hkl) ]为 :0 .4 3 14 ( 10 0 ,2 2 0 ) ,0 .2 80 1( 70 ,3 3 1) ,0 .70 3 ( 5 4 ,1     

硫酸银催化容量法快速测定土壤中的有机碳

在硫酸溶液中，以Ag2SO4为摧化剂，加入过量K2Cr2O7标准溶液氧化土壤中的有机碳，然后用FeSO4标准溶液滴定剩余的K2Cr2O7标准溶液，返滴定法测定有机碳含量。实验测得S为0．0186(n＝15)，RSD％为3．60(X^-＝0．518％)；到定土境和水系沉积物等国家标准物质中有机碳的含量，相对误差小于11．5％。     

垃圾渗滤液与酸性矿山排水混合处理配比的优化

酸性矿山排水和垃圾渗滤液这两种废水均对环境污染严重,且对人类危害极大。垃圾渗滤液的突出特点是有机污染物种类多且浓度高、生物降解性差、氨氮浓度高。矿山酸性排水特点是水量大、p H较低(一般为2~3),硫酸盐和可溶性重金属离子的浓度高。生物法在对这两种废水处理中都有着广泛的应用,但目前对这两种废水都是采用单独处理方法,其工艺复杂且处理成本高。有国内学者以生活污水与酸性矿山排水进行混合厌氧处理的可行性探究,发现混合法处理比单独处理两种废水能实现污染物更好的去除。考虑到垃圾渗滤液中有机物含量高和氨氮浓度高等特点,理论上以垃圾渗滤液中有机物作为碳源,将垃圾渗滤液与酸性矿山排水混合后进行生物处理是可行的。因此本实验研究在不同m(COD)/m(SO2-4)配比下,即不同垃圾渗滤液和酸性矿山排水配比下,混合液中各种污染物的降解情况,主要是以硫酸盐和COD去除率为指标来优化两种废水的配比。本实验中所用垃圾渗滤液取自合肥市龙泉山垃圾填埋场渗滤液原液,酸性矿山排水取自马鞍山向山尾矿库的酸水坑。实验设计4组不同的配比,以只含垃圾渗滤液的实验组为对照组,其余3组将垃圾渗滤液和酸性矿山排水混合,使其m(COD)/m(SO2-4)比分别为0.5、1和3。实验以500 mL血清瓶作为反应器,每组做3个平行样以减少实验误差。两种废水混合后用1 mol/L的NaO H溶液调节p H至中性,鼓入氩气以置换瓶中的空气,使反应环境保持厌氧。所有实验组均置于35℃恒温培养箱培养,间隔一定时间进行产气情况及水质指标的测定,测试指标主要有CODCr、硫酸盐、氨氮和总氮等。实验结果表明,m(COD)/m(SO2-4)比显著影响混合液中硫酸盐的还原和有机物的厌氧消化效率。对比4个实验组的结果,发现所有实验组中的硫酸盐和COD都有所降解,但降解效果不同。只含垃圾渗滤液的对照组和m(COD)/m(SO2-4)分别为0.5、1、3的实验组中,硫酸盐去除率分别为和83.23%、12.62%、22.84%、60.31%,COD去除率分别为68.23%、43.35%、29.66%、66.04%。对照组中的硫酸盐去除率最大是因为垃圾渗滤液中硫酸盐含量低,硫酸盐还原生成的S2-相对也少,对体系的毒害作用就小,所以反应进行得相对彻底。m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值为3的实验组中硫酸盐去除率为60.31%,显著高于m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值为0.5和1的实验组。因此,确定在m(COD)/m(SO2-4)比为3的条件下,混合液中的硫酸盐和COD可以同时得到较好的去除。在本实验的厌氧消化体系中,存在多种厌氧微生物,如硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)和产甲烷菌(MPA)等。前人研究表明,在m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值大于2.7的情况下,MPA占优势,其受抑制作用小;m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值小于1.7的情况下,SRB占优势,而MPA受抑制作用大。m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值在1.7~2.7之间时,SRB与MPA之间存在着激烈的竞争,但相较而言,SRB比与MPA更具有竞争优势,因为:1)反应热力学有利于硫酸盐还原作用。硫酸盐还原反应比产甲烷过程更容易进行,因为硫酸盐还原作用所释放的能量比产甲烷反应所释放的能量要多;2)SRB对于产甲烷的前体H2和乙酸具有更高的亲和力,即较低的Km值;3)MPA反应过程中所要求的氧化还原电位比SRB更低。在本实验中,m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值为0.5和1的两个反应组,由于m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值小于1.7,因此SRB占优势,但硫酸盐还原率较低,可能的原因包括:1)SRB在与MPA的竞争中,虽有热力学优势,但它增殖速率缓慢,基质不足时需要较长时间才能成为优势菌种;2)发生SO2-4还原反应的理论m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值是0.67,该反应在SRB体内进行,但由于COD和SO2-4的渗透能力不同,使得在其体内要比体外的低,小于理论值0.67,所以SO2-4不能达到很高的还原率。3)反应体系中硫化物含量很高,对微生物有毒害作用。尤其以H2S对SRB的毒害作用最大,硫化物严重抑制了微生物在体系中的生长及作用。m(COD)/m(SO2-4)值为3的反应组,SO2-4去除效果较好,这说明在环境为SRB提供了充分基质的情况下,SRB也能在短时间内占优势。垃圾渗滤液与酸性矿山排水混合处理过程中的具体机制还需要进一步的深入研究。     

钾长石-石膏-石灰(石)热分解体系研究

在钾长石-石膏-石灰(石)热分解体系中可能发生的7类反应的ΔGT0进行重新计算的基础上,利用纯物质摩尔配比,分别在1 273 K,1 323 K,1 373 K和1 423 K条件下进行物料焙烧实验,通过对烧成物可溶K2O含量测定,得出反应KAS6 CaSO4 14CaO=K2SO4 C3A 6C2S是7类分解反应中最容易发生的反应,与计算的该反应ΔGT0值最负相当吻合。对7类反应的烧成物进行XRD和EPMA分析,得出了这7类反应中只有反应式KAS6 CaSO4 12CaO=K2SO4 CA 6C2S和KAS6 CaSO4 14CaO=K2SO4 C3A 6C2S正确,其他均需要重新修正,修正后的反应可以更加合理的解释该体系的分解机理,从而为利用该体系焙烧生产钾肥提供理论指导。     

X射线衍射K值法测定氧化铁皮中游离α-SiO_2的含量

目前通常采用焦磷酸法和X射线衍射法测定游离α-Si O2的含量,其中焦磷酸法不能消除氧化铁皮中Fe O、Fe3O4和Fe2O3等焦磷酸难溶物质的影响,不适合用于测定氧化铁皮中的游离α-Si O2。本文建立了采用X射线衍射K值法测定氧化铁皮中游离α-Si O2含量的方法。以α-Al2O3作为参考物质,以α-Si O2(101)衍射峰和α-Al2O3(012)衍射峰作为测量谱峰,将α-Si O2和α-Al2O3(质量比1∶1)混合均匀制备成测量K值的试样,获得K值为7.86,应用此值分析已知游离α-Si O2含量的氧化铁皮样品,游离α-Si O2含量的测定值与实际值相符。该方法的测定范围为游离α-Si O2含量≥0.50%,且方便快速,能够满足进口氧化铁皮检验监管的工作需求。     

高岭石基矿物聚合物的制备及耐酸碱性

以高岭土、水玻璃和NaOH为原料,在常压和一定温度下,快速合成矿物聚合物。研究原料配比、固化温度、养护温度和养护时间对矿物聚合物早期抗压强度的发展及矿物聚合物耐HCl、H2SO4和NaOH的腐蚀性。通过2个正交实验得出矿物聚合物的最佳合成条件为:高岭土600℃煅烧4h,m(MK)∶m(水玻璃)∶m(NaOH)=7∶4.5∶1,60℃固化,60℃养护1h,矿物聚合物早期抗压强度可达85MPa。矿物聚合物耐HCl腐蚀性强,耐H2SO4腐蚀性稍差,NaOH能促进矿物聚合物的早期抗压强度发展。     

贵阳市大气总县浮颗粒物(TSP)中水溶性无机离子的化学特性及季节变化特征

2005年1月到12月,在贵阳市区采集TSP样品,分析了其主要水溶性无机离子的化学性质及其季节变化规律.结果显示.TSP浓度均值为106.60μg/m3;各离子摩尔浓度的大小顺序为:SO2-4>NH 4>Ca2 >NO-3>K >Na >C1->Mg2 >F-.TSP及其组分存在明显季节变化,SO2-4、C1-、SO2-4、NO-3、NH 4、K 、Na 、Ca 2、和Mg2 浓度的冬/夏比值分别为1.29、5.23、1.35、2.37、1.73、1.22、1.84、1.23和1.02.影响TSP、Ca2 、Mg2 和F-的气象参数主要是相对湿度和风速,影响SO2-4、NO-3、NH 4和C1-的是温度.TSP大多星微酸性,可能是含量的SO2-4所致,.NH 4GN SO2-4的相关性最好(R为0.85),NH 4与SO2-4的摩尔比值为0.8,说明NH 4,主要以(NH4)2SO4的形式存在.     

四元体系K_2SO_4-K_2B_4O_7-K_2CO_3-H_2O 273K时介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究K2SO4-K2B4O7-K2CO3-H2O四元体系在低温273K时的介稳固液相平衡关系,测定了介稳平衡液相的溶解度和密度。研究发现,该四元体系273K时的介稳平衡相图有3个固相结晶相区分别为K2SO4,K2B4O7.4H2O和K2CO3.3/2H2O;3条单变量曲线E1E,E2E和E3E;一个共饱点E,在共饱点E处的液相中各盐的溶解度分别为K2CO3(43.46%),K2SO4(2.52%)和K2B4O7(3.10%);研究结果表明K2CO3对K2B4O7和K2SO4有强烈的盐析作用。实验证明在富含硼钾的扎布耶盐湖卤水中,低温平衡条件下硫酸钾和硼酸钾极易从溶液中结晶析出,而碳酸钾则由于溶解度大,介稳性强,即使在低温条件下也难以从溶液中析出。     

广东省新洲地热田水化学特征及流体质量评价

通过对广东省新洲地热田3件不同深度的地热流体样品进行水化学分析发现:浅层(井深34 m)地热流体属低温地热资源(43.0℃),深层(井深309 m、1 000 m)地热流体属中温地热资源(97.5℃~99.8℃);p H值为7.00~8.34,呈中性~弱碱性;深层地热流体中K~+、Na~+、Ca~(~(2+))、Mg~(~(2+))、Cl-、SO4~(~(2-))、F~-、溶解性总固体、偏硅酸和游离CO_2含量远远高于浅层地热流体,而HCO_3~-、~(226)Ra和~(222)Rn含量则小于浅层地热流体;深层承压地热流体水化学类型为Cl-Na型,浅层地热流体水化学类型为HCO_3-Na·Ca型;经与往年水质资料对比,新洲地热田地热流体的化学组分基本处于稳定状态。深层地热流体质量评价结果表明:可综合命名为Cl-Na型含氡的硅氟热矿水;不适宜作生活饮用水、饮用天然矿泉水和渔业用水,不适宜直接用于农业灌溉;地热流体具有强腐蚀性且碳酸钙结垢趋势判断为不结垢。     

4—（2—羟基—4—硝基苯偶氮）—1—苯基—3—甲基吡唑啉酮与钍的显色反应

在pH为 2～ 3的HAc介质中 ,4 - ( 2 -羟基 - 4 -硝基苯偶氮 ) - 1 -苯基 - 3-甲基吡唑啉酮 (HNAPMP)与钍反应生成 2∶1的稳定络合物 ,λmax=540nm ,ε=4 .96× 1 0 4L·moL- 1·cm- 1,Th质量浓度在 0～ 2 .8mg/L内符合比尔定律。方法用于钍钨合金中钍的测定 ,相对标准偏差 (n =5)小于 1 % ,加标回收率为 97%～ 1 0 2 %。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of