Geochemistry and petrogenesis of post-collisional alkaline and peralkaline granites of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: a case study from the southern tip of Sinai Peninsula,Egypt

The southern Sinai Peninsula, underlain by the northernmost extension of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, exposes post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline granites that represent the youngest phase of late Neoproterozoic igneous activity. We report a petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of post-collisional plutons of alkaline and, in some cases, peralkaline granite. These granites intrude metamorphosed country rocks as well as syn- and post-collisional calc-alkaline granitoids. The alkaline and peralkaline granites of the southern tip of Sinai divide into three subgroups: syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite granite. The rocks of these subgroups essentially consist of alkali feldspar and quartz with variable amounts of plagioclase and mafic minerals. The syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite contain small amounts of calcic amphibole and biotite, often less than 3%, while the riebeckite granite is distinguished by sodic amphibole (5–10%). These plutons have geochemical signatures typical of post-collisional A-type granites and were most likely emplaced during a transition between orogenic and anorogenic settings. The parental mafic magma may be linked to lithospheric delamination and upwelling of asthenospheric mantle material. Differentiation of the underplated basaltic magma with contributions from the juvenile crust eventually yielded the post-collisional alkaline granites. Petrogenetic modelling of the studied granitic suite shows that pure fractional crystallization cannot quantitatively explain chemical variations with the observed suite, with both major oxides and several trace elements displaying trends opposite to those required by the equilibrium phase assemblage. Instead, we show that compositional variation from syenogranite through alkali feldspar granite to riebeckite granite is dominated by mixing between a low-SiO₂ liquid as primitive or more primitive than the lowest-SiO₂ syenogranite and an evolved, high-SiO₂ liquid that might be a high-degree partial melt of lower crust.     

Perogenesis of granites, Sharm El-Sheikh area, South Sinai, Egypt: petrological constrains and tectonic evolution

Precambrian granites of the Sharm El-Sheikh area in south Sinai, Egypt belong to collisional and post-collisional Magmatism (610–580 Ma). The granites are widely distributed in the northern part of the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield. South Sinai includes important components of successive multiple stages of upper crust granitic rocks. The earliest stages include monzogranite and syenogranites while the later stages produced alkali feldspar granites and riebeckite-bearing granites. Numerous felsic, mafic dikes and quartz veins traverse the study granites. Petrographically, the granitic rocks consist mainly of perthite, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and riebeckite. Analysis results portray monzogranites displaying calc-alkaline characteristics and emplaced in island-arc tectonic settings, whereas the syenogranites, alkali-feldspar granites and the riebeckite bearing-granites exhibit an alkaline nature and are enriched in HFSEs similar to granites within an extensional regime. Multi-element variation diagrams and geochemical characteristics reinforce a post-collision tectonic setting. REEs geochemical modeling reveals that the rocks were generated as a result of partial melting and fractionation of lower crust basaltic magma giving rise to A₁ and A₂ subtype granites. They were subsequently emplaced within an intraplate environment at the end of the Pan-African Orogeny.     

Transition from I‐type to A‐type magmatism in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone,NW Iran: an extensional intra‐continental arc

The South Dehgolan pluton, in NW Iran was emplaced into the Sanandaj–Sirjan magmatic–metamorphic zone. This composite intrusion comprises three main groups: (1) monzogabbro–monzodiorite rocks, (2) quartz monzonite–syenite rocks, and (3) a granite suite which crops out in most of the area. The granites generally show high SiO₂ content from 72.1%–77.6 wt.% with diagnostic mineralogy consisting of biotite and amphibole along the boundaries of feldspar–quartz crystals which implies anhydrous primary magma compositions. The granite suite is metaluminous and distinguished by high FeOt/MgO ratios (av. 9.6 wt.%), typical of ferroan compositions with a pronounced A‐type affinity with high Na₂O + K₂O contents, high Ga/Al ratios, enrichment in Zr, Nb, REE, and depletion in Eu. The quartz monzonite–syenites show intermediate SiO₂ levels (59.8%–64.5 wt.%) with metaluminous, magnesian to ferroan characteristics, intermediate Na₂O + K₂O contents, enrichment in Zr, Nb, REE, Ga/Al, and depletion in Eu. The monzogabbro–monzodiorites show overall lower SiO₂ content (48.5%–55.9 wt.%) with metaluminous and calc‐alkaline compositions, relatively lower Na₂O + K₂O contents, low Ga/Al ratios, and FeOt/MgO (av. 1.6 wt.%) ratios, low abundances of Zr, Nb, and lower REE element concentrations relative to the granites and quartz monzonite–syenites. These geochemical differences among the three different rocks suites are likely to indicate different melt origins. We suggest that the South Dehgolan pluton resulted from a change in the geodynamic regime, from compression to extension in the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone during Mesozoic subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic crust beneath the Central Iranian microcontinent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Granitoids at Sharang Eocene Porphyry Mo Deposit in the Main‐Stage of India‐Asia Continental Collision,Northern Gangdese,Tibet

The Sharang porphyry Mo deposit is the first discovered Mo porphyry‐type deposit in the Gangdese Metallogenic Belt. The orebody is hosted by the Eocene multi‐stage composite intrusive complex which is emplaced in the Upper Permian Mengla Formation and cut by the Miocene dykes. Granite porphyry is recognized as the ore‐bearing porphyry in the complex, which consists of quartz diorite, quartz monzonite, granite, prophyritic granite and post‐mineral lamprophyre. Granodiorite porphyry and dacite porphyry intrude the granite porphyry. Geochemical data indicate that Sharang complex has a High‐K calc‐alkalinc to shoshonitic, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. The Sharang complex rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile elements, depleted in high‐field strength elements, Nb, Sr, P and Ti. REE patterns show slight enrichments in light REE relative to heavy REE and weak negative Eu anomalies. All rocks in this complex have a wide range of initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.705605～0.712496) and lower ε_Nd(t) values (?0.61～?7.80). The geochemical data suggest highly oxidized‐evolved magma and old continental materials may have been the magma source for the Sharang intrusive complex that host porphyry Mo mineralization. Eocene pre‐ore and ore‐forming rocks at Sharang may have formed by partial melting of mantle wedge and by mixing with old continental crust at the lower crust level. In contrast the post‐ore rocks may have formed by partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle.     

燕山造山带后石湖山碱性环状杂岩体的成因与形成过程

后石湖山杂岩体是与垮塌破火山口有关的碱性环状杂岩体, 主要由呈环形分布的碱性火山岩、环状岩墙(斑状石英正长岩)、嵌套的中心复式岩株(晶洞碱长花岗岩和斑状碱长花岗岩)和锥状岩席(石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩)组成.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明, 斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙、石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩锥状岩席的侵位年龄分别为119±3Ma、121±2Ma和121±2Ma.该环状杂岩体火山岩与侵入岩的形成年龄相近, 体现了它作为火山-侵入杂岩体的特征.斑状石英正长岩富碱(Na₂O+K₂O=10.0%~10.5%), K₂O含量较高(5.21%~5.42%), 具正的Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=1.05~1.40).碱长花岗岩和斑岩均具有富碱、高FeOtot/MgO、Ga/Al、Zr、Nb和REE值(Eu除外), 以及低Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Ba、Sr和Eu含量的特征, 都属于A型花岗岩质岩石.其中斑岩为铝质A型花岗岩, 具有高的初始岩浆温度(880~901℃).所有A型花岗质岩石均具有较富集的Nd同位素组成, ε_Nd(t)值变化于-13.9~-12.2之间.斑状石英正长岩是下地壳中-基性麻粒岩和片麻岩部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 后又发生单斜辉石分离结晶的产物; 碱长花岗岩源于上地壳长英质岩石部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 随后经历长石的分离结晶作用而成; 斑岩是受幔源岩浆底侵加热的上地壳长英质岩石的部分熔融产生的熔体, 并经历了长石的分离结晶作用而产生.该环状杂岩体的形成过程可以概括为: (1)火山爆炸性喷发形成大量的碱性火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩; (2)地下岩浆房空虚导致压力下降, 其顶板围岩失稳而沿火山口周围近直立的环状断裂垮塌, 形成塌陷的破火山口.与此同时, 下覆岩浆房的岩浆被动挤入环状断裂而形成斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙; (3)浅部地壳的长英质岩浆房过压, 促使其高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆上升侵位形成了中心的斑状碱长花岗岩岩株, 这些岩浆的上涌导致上覆围岩产生倾角中-陡的、内倾的锥状裂隙, 为石英正长斑岩锥状岩席侵位提供了空间; (4)浅部岩浆房复活, 高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆再度上升侵位形成被嵌套的晶洞碱长花岗岩岩株.同样, 这种岩浆的再度上侵导致上覆围岩产生了倾角较陡而内倾的锥状裂隙, 为花岗斑岩锥状岩席提供了侵位空间.后石湖山碱性环状杂岩体的形成是华北东部早白垩世与克拉通破坏相关的伸展构造体制下的产物, 这种构造体制可能与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关.      

Isotope Geochronologic and Geochemical Constraints on the Magmatic Associations of the Collisional Orogenic Zone in the West Kunlun Orogen,China

The Jiajiwaxi pluton in the southern portion of the West Kunlun Range can be divided into two collision–related intrusive rock series, i.e., a gabbro–quartz diorite–granodiorite series that formed at 224±2.0 Ma and a monzonitic granite–syenogranite series that formed at 222±2.0 Ma. The systematic analysis of zircon U-Pb geochronology and bulk geochemistry is used to discuss the magmatic origin(material source and thermal source), tectonic setting, genesis and geotectonic implications of these rocks. The results of this analysis indicate that the parent magma of the first series, representing a transition from I-type to S-type granites, formed from thermally triggered partial melting of deep crustal components in an early island–arc–type igneous complex, similar to an I-type granite, during the continental collision orogenic stage. The parent magma of the second series, corresponding to an S-type granite, formed from the partial melting of forearc accretionary wedge sediments in a subduction zone in the late Palaeozoic–Triassic. During continued collision, the second series magma was emplaced into the first series pluton along a central fault zone in the original island arc region, forming an immiscible puncture-type complex. The deep tectonothermal events associated with the continent–continent collision during the orogenic cycle are constrained by the compositions and origins of the two series. The new information provided by this paper will aid in future research into the dynamic mechanisms affecting magmatic evolution in the West Kunlun orogenic belt.     

文象花岗岩的成分、结构和成因机制

文象花岗岩具有特殊文象结构,研究其三维拓扑结构和形成过程有助于了解花岗质岩石的结晶作用.以北京周口店房山岩体和湖北罗田蕙兰山的文象花岗岩为研究对象,综合利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和电子背散射衍射等技术方法,对岩石矿物组成、结晶学取向和拓扑结构进行了系统研究.结果表明:(1) 文象花岗岩的矿物组成与其形成地质环境有关,石英和长石的含量变化范围很大,其中石英含量通常在20%~45%,但是相同地区同期形成的文象花岗岩具有相对稳定的矿物组成;(2) 长石作为寄主矿物通常呈半自形－自形粗大晶体,可以是碱性长石或斜长石,其端元组分以钾长石和钠长石为主,低温下常分解为条纹长石;(3) 石英在长石寄主矿物中规则穿插生长,在三维空间通常呈近似平行板状、长条状/柱状或非连通枝杈状,并只在特定岩石断面形似象形文字;(4) 正交偏光显微镜下,石英可以具有多种消光位,但是通常在一定范围内同时消光;(5) 石英普遍发育道芬双晶,偶见日本双晶;(6) 条纹长石中钾长石与钠长石对应(100)、(010)、(001) 面和[001]轴近似平行;(7) 多数石英颗粒与寄主长石之间具有密切结晶学取向关系,即石英[1123]轴近似平行长石c[001]轴.该研究证实文象花岗岩是石英和长石同时生长的结果,而长石作为寄主矿物影响并控制着石英的成核与生长方向.      

Magma Mingling/mixing vs. Magmatic Fractionation: Geneses of the Shirakawa Mo-mineralized Granitoids, Central Japan

Abstract. Leucocratic biotite granites are main components in the Hatogaya pluton and the Hirase stock in the Shirakawa region of central Japan. Molybdenite‐quartz vein mineralizations are widespread in and around the Hatogaya pluton and the Hirase stock, in which the largest is vein swarm of the Hirase mine. Mafic enclaves occur abundantly with granitic to granodi‐oritic matrix in the northern part of the Hatogaya pluton, while they are rare in the Hirase granitic stock. The enclaves with generally round shape have mostly diabasic to fine plutonic textures under the microscope, and show interfingering and lobate contacts with the felsic matrix. The enclaves are quartz monzodiorite in composition containing SiO>₂ mostly around 60 %. They have felsic blebs, thus are considered a mingled magma of basaltic compositions originated in depth and a felsic magma generated from the Hida metamorphic‐plutonic complexes or their basement. The mingled magma further mixed with and reacted with the felsic magma with SiO₂ 70 %, and then formed granodiorite‐granite of the high Na group (Na₂O higher than 4.25 %). Thus, compositional variation of the northern part of the Hatogaya pluton was caused by the magma mingling. The mingling happened to be deeper level produced homogeneous granodiorite of the Mihoro pluton. Biotite granite of the low Na group (less than 4.25 %) could have originated in a granitic magma generated also from the Hida metamorphic‐plutonic complexes or their basement. Most of the granites, occurring in the southern part of the Hatogaya pluton and Hirase stock, show high Rb/Sr ratio, strong Eu negative anomalies and flat REE patterns, and are thus considered as fractionated products of the SiO₂ 70 % original magma. The strong concentration of molybdenum in the Hirase stock can be explained by high degree of magmatic fractionation which produced MoS₂‐rich residual melts, suitable fractures developed at the latest Cretaceous time, and preservation of the mineralized fractures at the present level of erosion.     

滇西腾冲-梁河地块石英闪长岩-二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

高黎贡-腾梁花岗岩带是冈底斯花岗岩带的东延部分。腾梁花岗岩中辉长-闪长质包体、花岗岩、石英闪长岩密切共生。辉长-闪长质包体的结构构造、矿物学特征表明,它们是岩浆快速冷凝结晶的产物。地球化学数据显示,辉长-闪长质包体为钙碱性系列,具有低SiO2、高MgO和Mg#的特征,富集Rb、Sr、Th、Ba和Ce,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Yb和Y;寄主花岗岩为中钾—高钾钙碱性系列,准铝质到弱过铝质,富集Rb、Th、Zr和Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Sr、P和Ba,具有中等程度的负Eu异常;石英闪长岩介于二者之间。锆石U-PbLA-ICP-MS定年显示,石英闪长岩形成年龄为127.10±0.96Ma,花岗岩形成年龄为123.8±2.5Ma。结合辉长-闪长质包体形成年龄为122.6Ma,三者年龄基本一致,从年代学角度为花岗岩、辉长-闪长质包体和石英闪长岩岩浆混合作用成因提供了证据。石英闪长岩锆石εHf(t)值变化于-7.61～-3.80。结合辉长-闪长质包体、花岗岩的εHf(t)值及地球化学特征,认为花岗岩来源于古老地壳的部分熔融,辉长-闪长质包体来源于地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融,石英闪长岩为幔源岩浆与古老地壳部分熔融的岩浆完全混合的产物。腾梁地块早白垩世侵入岩很可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈向南俯冲的动力学背景有关。     

鲁东晚中生代热隆-伸展构造及其动力学背景

为理清山东省鲁东地区晚中生代构造-岩浆-成矿的关系及其发生的动力学背景,本文综合分析了晚中生代侵入岩的空间分布、组合特征、成因类型、形成时代和序列、地球化学演化及形成的构造环境等。研究表明：该区侵入岩由侏罗纪陆壳重熔型花岗岩、白垩纪壳幔混合型花岗岩、白垩纪深源花岗岩和白垩纪脉岩组成,并且从早期到晚期,侵入岩的岩石化学成分由高钾钙碱性系列向橄榄安粗岩系列演化,微量元素由高Ba、Sr花岗岩向低Ba、Sr花岗岩演化,稀土元素由无或弱正铕异常向显著负铕异常演化,岩浆岩成因由S型向I型、A型演化。强烈的岩浆活动和复杂的岩浆岩类型指示了剧烈的壳幔相互作用过程,认为鲁东地区在早白垩世处于强烈的拉张构造环境,其在140~110 Ma期间大规模岩浆活动的同时发生了强烈的地壳隆升事件。通过对断陷盆地、火山活动、变质核杂岩和断层系统的类型、性质、控制因素等进行综合分析,提出它们是大规模伸展构造的表现形式,伸展构造的活动时间为130~98 Ma。进一步分析表明,鲁东地区的白垩纪构造-岩浆组合构成了热隆-伸展构造,它们是太平洋板块俯冲与燕山运动主变形时期（岩石圈增厚）后续效应的产物,岩石圈拆沉、地壳减薄和克拉通破坏是引起早白垩世热隆-伸展构造的根本原因,热隆-伸展构造为胶东大规模成矿提供了有利条件。     

Chronological Constraints on Late Paleozoic Collision in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt,China: Evidence from the Baleigong Granites

The Baleigong granites, located in the western part of the southwestern Tianshan Orogen(Kokshanyan region, China), records late Paleozoic magmatism during the late stages of convergence between the Tarim Block and the Central Tianshan Arc Terrane. We performed a detailed geochronological and geochemical study of the Baleigong granites to better constrain the nature of collisional processes in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon isotopic analyses indicate that magmatism commenced in the early Permian(～282 Ma). The granite samples, which are characterized by high contents of SiO_2(67.68–69.77 wt%) and Al_2O_3(13.93–14.76 wt%), are alkali-rich and Mg-poor, corresponding to the high-K calc-alkaline series. The aluminum saturation index(A/CNK) ranges from 0.93 to 1.02, indicating a metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. Trace element geochemistry shows depletions in Nb, Ta, and Ti, a moderately negative Eu anomaly(δEu=0.40–0.56), enrichment in LREE, and depletion in HREE((La/Yb)_N=7.46–11.78). These geochemical signatures are characteristic of an I-type granite generated from partial melting of a magmatic arc. The I-type nature of the Baleigong granites is also supported by the main mafic minerals being Fe-rich calcic hornblende and biotite. We suggest that the high-K, calc-alkaline I-type granitic magmatism was generated by partial melting of the continental crust, possibly triggered by underplating by basaltic magma. These conditions were likely achieved in a collisional tectonic setting, thus supporting the suggestion that closure of the South Tianshan Ocean was completed prior to the Permian and was followed(in the late Paleozoic) by collision between the Tarim Block and the Central Tianshan Arc Terrane.     

Trace elements and evolution of granite melt as exemplified by the Raumid Pluton,Southern Pamirs

New trace element data were obtained by ICP-MS for 58 samples representing eight intrusive phases of the Raumid granite Pluton. All of the rocks, except for one sample that was deliberately taken from a greisenized zone, were not affected by postmagmatic fluid alteration. The sequential accumulation of incompatible trace elements (Rb, Ta, Nb, Pb, U, and others) in the Raumid Pluton from the early to late phases coupled with a decrease in incompatible element contents (Sr, Eu, Ba, and others) indicates a genetic link between the granites of all phases via fractional crystallization of a granite melt. The REE distribution patterns of final granite phases are typical of rare-metal granites. The Ta content in the granites of phase 8 is only slightly lower than that of typical rare-metal granites. Greisenization disturbed the systematic variations in trace element distribution formed during the magmatic stage. The ranges of trace element contents (Rb, Sr, Ta, Nb, and others) and ratios (Rb/Sr, La/Lu, Eu/Eu*, and others) in the Raumid granite overlap almost entirely the ranges of granitic rocks of various compositions, from the least differentiated with ordinary trace element contents to rare-metal granites. This indicates that the geochemical signature of rare-metal granites can develop at the magmatic stage owing to fractional crystallization of melts, which is the case for the melt of the Raumid granite.     

铜陵矿集区舒家店矿区正长花岗岩的年代学和地球化学特征及其指示意义

舒家店岩体位于长江中下游成矿带中部的铜陵断隆区,与繁昌断凹区(盆地)临近,主要的岩浆岩岩石类型有辉石闪长岩、石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长岩等。正长花岗岩为舒家店岩体深部新发现的岩石类型,其矿物组合与岩体内其他类型岩石明显不同,其形成的背景存在争议。本文通过对岩体中正长花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP MS精确定年、Hf同位素和地球化学组成分析,研究舒家店岩体正长花岗岩的年代学、岩浆源区等问题。研究显示舒家店岩体为"异源同体"的复式岩体,岩体中的正长花岗岩的侵入时间为126.5±1.6Ma~129.8±2.4Ma,明显晚于早期的辉石闪长岩和石英闪长斑岩(138.2±4.6Ma~143.7±1.7Ma),也明显晚于舒家店斑岩型铜矿床的形成时代。全岩元素地球化学和锆石Hf同位素组成指示舒家店岩体中正长花岗岩为叠加到早期辉石闪长岩及石英闪长斑岩之上的后期岩浆活动的产物,可能与繁昌盆地内花岗岩有相同的源区,为新元古代新生地壳(类似新元古花岗岩)部分熔融的产物,其岩浆源区处于高温低压的环境,相较于辉石闪长岩和石英闪长斑岩起源更浅,指示长江中下游成矿带在145~123Ma地壳处于不断减薄的过程。     

Evolution of the Mesozoic Granites in the Xiong＇ershan-Waifangshan Region, Western Henan Province, China, and Its Tectonic Implications

Based on the new data of isotopic ages and geochemical analyses, three types of Mesozoic granites have been identified for the Xiong'ershan-Waifangshan region in western Henan Province: high-Ba-Sr I-type granite emplaced in the early stage (～160 Ma), I-type granite in the middle stage (～130 Ma) and anorogenic A-type granite in the late stage (～115 Ma).Geochemical characteristics of the high-Ba-Sr I-type granite suggest that it may have been generated from the thickened lower crust by partial melting with primary residues of amphibole and garnet. Gradual increase of negative Eu anomaly and Sr content variations reflect progressive shallowing of the source regions of these granites from the early to late stage. New 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of the early-stage Wuzhangshan granite (156.0±1.1 Ma, amphibole) and middle-stage Heyu granite (131.8±0.7 Ma, biotite) are indistinguishable from their SHRIMP U-Pb ages previous published, indicating a rapid uplift and erosion in this region. The representative anorogenic A-type granite, Taishanmiao pluton, was emplaced at ～115 Ma. The evolution of the granites in this region reveals a tectonic regime change from post-collisional to anorogenic between ～160 Ma and ～115 Ma. The genesis of the early- and middle-stage I-type granites could be linked to delamination of subducted lithosphere of the Qinling orogenic belt, while the late-stage A-type granites represent the onset of extension and the end of orogenic process. In fact, along the Qinling -Dabie-Sulu belt, the Mesozoic granitoids in western Henan, Dabieshan and Jiaodong regions are comparable on the basis of these temporal evolutionary stages and their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios,which may suggest a similar geodynamic process related to the collision between the North China and Yangtze cratons.     

内蒙古宝音图钼矿成矿岩体地球化学、年代学及成因研究

内蒙古宝音图钼矿是狼山北段大型斑岩石英脉型钼矿床,成矿岩体为斜长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩及酸性细晶斑岩株组成的复合岩体,LA-ICP-MS U-Pb上交点年龄2400 Ma,反映花岗岩源区岩石是新太古代到古元古代陆壳变质岩。各岩性锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定显示成矿岩体形成于印支期(225.9±4.4)Ma~(237.5±5.9)Ma、(236.8±4.5)Ma~(244.3±4.2)Ma、(247.5±4.4)Ma和(252.1±3.4)Ma~(258.8±3.3)Ma 4个阶段,同位素年龄反映的每个岩浆侵入阶段持续时间长,各侵入阶段间隔时间短。岩浆侵入期不同阶段元素经历了一定分异,各阶段岩石化学组成均显示铝过饱和,富钾特征,以晚期细晶岩K2O/Na2O最高,K2O对Ca O呈反相关关系。与世界主要岩浆岩带微量元素Sr/Ba-Zr/Y的比较显示,其不同于洋壳熔融成因花岗岩,而与燕山带、秦岭带岩浆岩地球化学特征一致,与矿区元古界变质岩围岩地球化学特征比较接近,这些特征显示本区成矿花岗岩是陆壳岩石熔融成因S型花岗岩。     

Sequence of magmatic events in the Late Paleozoic of Transbaikalia,Russia (U-Pb isotope data)

The Late Paleozoic intrusive rocks, mostly granitoids, totally occupy more than 200,000 km² on the territory of Transbaikalia. Isotopic U-Pb zircon dating (about 30 samples from the most typical plutons) shows that the Late Paleozoic magmatic cycle lasted for 55–60 m.y., from ~330 Ma to ~275 Ma. During this time span, five intrusive suites were emplaced throughout the region. The earliest are high-K calc-alkaline granites (330–310 Ma) making up the Angara–Vitim batholith of 150,000 km² in area. At later stages, formation of geochemically distinct intrusive suites occurred with total or partial overlap in time. In the interval of 305–285 Ma two suites were emplaced: calc-alkaline granitoids with decreased SiO₂ content (the Chivyrkui suite of quartz monzonite and granodiorite) and the Zaza suite comprising transitional from calc-alkaline to alkaline granite and quartz syenite. At the next stage, in the interval of 285–278 Ma the shoshonitic Low Selenga suite made up of monzonite, syenite and alkali rich microgabbro was formed; this suite was followed, with significant overlap in time (281–276 Ma), by emplacement of Early Kunalei suite of alkaline (alkali feldspar) and peralkaline syenite and granite. Concurrent emplacement of distinct plutonic suites suggests simultaneous magma generation at different depth and, possibly, from different sources. Despite complex sequence of formation of Late Paleozoic intrusive suites, a general trend from high-K calc-alkaline to alkaline and peralkaline granitoids, is clearly recognized. New data on the isotopic U-Pb zircon age support the Rb-Sr isotope data suggesting that emplacement of large volumes of peralkaline and alkaline (alkali feldspar) syenites and granites occurred in two separate stages: Early Permian (281–278 Ma) and Late Triassic (230–210 Ma). Large volumes and specific compositions of granitoids suggest that the Late Paleozoic magmatism in Transbaikalia occurred successively in the post-collisional (330–310 Ma), transitional (305–285 Ma) and intraplate (285–275 Ma) setting.     

北秦岭西段早侏罗世A型花岗岩及其地质意义

本文通过岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U?Pb定年和Lu?Hf同位素组成分析等方法,对出露于北秦岭西段宝鸡岩体王家山一带的黑云母花岗岩和其中的包体进行了研究。结果表明,该花岗岩形成时代为187±2 Ma,属于高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列岩石,富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素以及Nb、Zr和Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr和Eu,具有高的全岩锆石饱和温度(825℃~838℃),显示A型花岗岩特征,形成于造山后的板内环境,可能为秦岭岩群副变质岩与安山质岩石部分熔融的产物。暗色包体显示塑性流变特征,具有岩浆结构,发育针状磷灰石和具有复杂成分环带的更长环斑结构长石,是幔源岩浆注入酸性岩浆发生混合作用的产物,形成时代为191±2 Ma,其锆石Hf同位素组成变化范围较大,εHf(t)值介于-11.26~-2.51,主要为富集地幔部分熔融产物。综合本文及前人已有研究结果,认为~190 Ma的早侏罗世早期秦岭地区早中生代碰撞造山过程已经结束,区域开始逐渐进入板内伸展构造演化阶段。     

通化地区古元古代晚期花岗质岩浆作用与地壳演化

广泛出露于华北板块东部辽吉地区的古元古代变质杂岩,多年来一直被认为是古老的陆内裂谷作用的产物,我们通过详细的野外地质调查工作发现,该变质杂岩中以往所划定的混合岩实际是不同变质程度和变形特征的岩浆成因花岗岩岩体,其岩石类型除典型的片麻状角闪正长花岗岩（俗称“条痕状花岗岩”或“辽吉花岗岩”）外,另有片麻状石英闪长岩、巨斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、巨斑状一环斑状舍石榴石花岗岩和角闪辉石正长岩等、,应用SHRIMP技术,本文对片麻状石英闪长岩和巨斑状一环斑状含石榴石花岗岩进行了结石U—Pb同位素年龄测定,结果显示它们的侵位时代为1872～1850Ma,与巨癍状黑云母二长花岗岩和角闪辉石正长杂岩侵位时代相近,岩石学一地球化学特征显示片麻状石英闪长岩是“Ⅰ”型花岗岩,具有岛弧型花岗岩地球化学特征;而巨斑状一环斑状含石榴石花岗岩（局部具有球斑状结构）属“S”型花岗岩结合区内与花岗岩形成同时发生的变质作用P—T特征,这种I-、S-和A-型花岗岩的同时产出,反映他们可能形成于造山后构造背景,结合朝鲜狼林一中国辽南和龙岗太古宙陆块的结晶基底差别,可以认定华北板块在太古宙末期并非仅由东、西部陆块组成,在东部陆块至少还存在朝鲜狼林-辽南-胶东联合陆块和龙岗-鲁西-五准陆块两个微陆块,这两个微陆块大约在1．90Ga左右发生拼合,然后它们再于1．85Ga左右与西部地块拼合     

Neoproterozoic calc‐alkaline peraluminous granitoids of the Deleihimmi pluton,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt: implications for transition from late‐ to post‐collisional tectonomagmatic evolution in the northern Arabian–Nubian Shield

The widely distributed late‐collisional calc‐alkaline granitoids in the northern Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) have a geodynamic interest as they represent significant addition of material into the ANS juvenile crust in a short time interval (∼630–590 Ma). The Deleihimmi granitoids in the Egyptian Central Eastern Desert are, therefore, particularly interesting since they form a multiphase pluton composed largely of late‐collisional biotite granitoids enclosing granodiorite microgranular enclaves and intruded by leuco‐ and muscovite granites. Geochemically, different granitoid phases share some features and distinctly vary in others. They display slightly peraluminous (ASI = 1–1.16), non‐alkaline (calc‐alkaline and highly fractionated calc‐alkaline), I‐type affinities. Both biotite granitoids and leucogranites show similar rare earth element (REE) patterns [(La/Lu)_N = 3.04–2.92 and 1.9–1.14; Eu/Eu* = 0.26–0.19 and 0.11–0.08, respectively) and related most likely by closed system crystal fractionation of a common parent. On the other hand, the late phase muscovite granites have distinctive geochemical features typical of rare‐metal granites. They are remarkably depleted in Sr and Ba (4–35 and 13–18 ppm, respectively), and enriched in Rb (381–473 ppm) and many rare metals. Moreover, their REE patterns show a tetrad effect (TE_1,3 = 1.13 and 1.29) and pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.07 and 0.08), implying extensive open system fractionation via fluid–rock interaction during the magmatic stage. Origin of the calc‐alkaline granitoids by high degree of partial melting of mafic lower crust with subsequent crystal fractionation is advocated. The broad distribution of late‐collisional calc‐alkaline granitoids in the northern ANS is related most likely to large areal and intensive lithospheric delamination subsequent to slab break‐off and crustal/mantle thickening. Such delamination caused both crustal uplift and partial melting of the remaining mantle lithosphere in response to asthenospheric uprise. The melts produced underplate the lower crust to promote its melting. The presence of microgranular enclaves, resulting from mingling of mantle‐derived mafic magma with felsic crustal‐derived liquid, favours this process. The derivation of the late‐phase rare‐metal granites by open system fractionation via fluid interaction is almost related to the onset of extension above the rising asthenosphere that results in mantle degassing during the switch to post‐collisional stage. Consequently, the switch from late‐ to post‐collisional stage of crustal evolution in the northern ANS could be potentially significant not only geodynamically but also economically. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Petrogenesis of the Xihuashan Granite in Southern Jiangxi Province,South China: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology,Geochemistry and Nd Isotopes

Mesozoic granitic intrusions are widely distributed in the Nanling region,South China.Yanshanian granites are closely connected with the formation of tungsten deposits.The Xihuashan granite is a typica...