电厂温排水中余氯浓度预测

利用有限元分步杂交方法,对胶州湾海域潮流场进行了数值模拟。考虑余氯在水体中的化学反应,利用前人大量实验成果选取余氯衰减系数,建立胶州湾余氯的二维输运-扩散模型,并将此模型应用于青岛市黄岛发电厂三期温排水工程,预测了温排水中余氯的浓度分布及影响范围,为电厂冷却水排放口邻近水域的生态环境保护提供依据。     

水温和余氯对泥蚶胚胎发育的毒性效应

为了研究三门湾海域温排水污染对水生动物发育的影响,本实验通过室内模拟三门湾核电站温排水的余氯残留和温升效应,研究了不同温度和不同游离余氯质量浓度耦合下对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)胚胎发育的影响.实验水温为29℃、32℃和35℃,游离余氯质量浓度为0.025、0.050、0.100、0.200、0.40...     

模拟电厂温排水温升和游离余氯对亚心形扁藻生长影响的研究

以亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为受试藻种,模拟温升和游离余氯条件,研究浮游植物对核电厂温排水的生态响应。结果表明,春秋季温升对其生长影响较小,而在夏季,其生长受到显著抑制。亚心形扁藻对游离余氯非常敏感,0.1 mg/L游离余氯既能抑制其生长,抑制作用随着游离余氯浓度的升高而增强。温升会加剧游离余氯的抑制作用,4℃温升和0.1 mg/L游离余氯联合作用对亚心形扁藻的抑制效果明显增加。由于温升和游离余氯的联合作用,即使在离排口较远的水域,仍然会导致亚心形扁藻数量减少。     

电厂温排水中的余氯对邻近水域生态环境的影响

综述了国外有关电厂温排水中的余氯对邻近水域生态环境影响的研究进展,侧重于对水体中的氯化学、余氯监测方法,余氯对水生生物的毒害作用和毒性机理,有关余氯在水域中的安全阀值的探讨,以及概括了为保护水生生态环境,如何对余氯进行调控等方面的研究动向,并对这些方面的研究进展进行了讨论。     

余氯对鱼类毒性影响的研究进展

综述了国内外余氯对鱼类急性、亚急性毒性效应及其毒性机理等方面的研究进展,结合我国沿海电厂余氯排放与邻近海域鱼类养殖生产现状,探讨了余氯对鱼类毒理学研究存在的问题,指出了需结合冷却水的温升作用,进一步考察冷却系统氯处理对鱼类早期生命阶段(受精卵、胚胎和仔稚鱼)的毒性效应,同时还应加强余氯对鱼类长期毒性影响的研究,为我国制订企业冷却水加氯和余氯浓度的排放标准提供参考.     

水温和余氯对黑棘鲷仔鱼存活的影响

采用静水试验法, 模拟研究了电厂温排水排放导致的海水升温和余氯残留对黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)存活的影响。试验水温设4 个梯度: 18、22、26、30℃, 余氯设6 个浓度水平:0.025、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8 mg/L, 同时以过滤海水为对照组, 每一个水温条件下的余氯浓度均设3 个平行样本, 取黑棘鲷初孵仔鱼进行试验, 试验共进行96 h 观测。试验结果表明, 当水温升高至30℃时, 对仔鱼的存活会产生显著性影响, 24 h 的死亡率为23.4%, 48 h 的死亡率骤升至98%, 而18、22、26℃ 3 组96 h 时死亡率均未超过10%。24 h 时4 种水温条件下余氯对黑棘鲷仔鱼的LC50 值分别为0.816、0.460、0.433、0.319 mg/L, 可见水温升高会增强余氯对仔鱼的致死效应, 而随着时间延长, 余氯对仔鱼的LC50 值进一步降低, 至96 h, 其值分别为0.242、0.211、0.140、<0.025 mg/L。广义相加模型分析结果显示, 水温由26℃升至30℃时, 或当余氯浓度高于0.2 mg/L 时, 或曝露时间超过48 h, 均会对黑棘鲷初孵仔鱼产生明显致死效应, 双因素方差分析结果显示, 水温、余氯、曝露时间对仔鱼死亡率具有显著性影响(P< 0.05), 且水温-余氯、水温-曝露时间之间具有显著性交互作用(P< 0.05)。     

滨海电厂温排水对生态环境影响研究进展

文章综述了滨海电厂温排水温升、余氯及卷载效应对附近海域生态系统中的浮游生物、底栖生物、鱼类等生物因子影响的研究进展,并阐述了滨海温排水对生态环境影响出现的新问题及今后研究趋势。     

黄岛电厂扩建工程温排水对胶州湾水域影响评价

文章叙述了黄岛发电厂温排水对海域的影响,分析了黄岛电厂二期工程温排水对环境的影响以及造成的热污染。     

华能日照电厂二期扩建工程温排水排水方案优选

在已建立潮流模型的基础上,研究温排水的输移扩散,以华能日照电厂为例,对各温排水设计方案(包括排水口位置、排水量和温升等)进行预测分析.最佳推荐方案是一、二期工程温排水由排水口B合排.本文结果可为该海域海洋环境保护与管理提供科学依据.     

胶南近岸海域三维潮流数值模拟

为胶南海域沿岸污水排海选址,海洋环境管理提供动力条件,基于变边界河口、陆架、海洋(ECOM)模式,模拟了胶南近岸海域三维潮流场。研究海域水平最大流速在斋堂岛水道,量值为1.0m/s。垂直流速表现为底层大,表层小的特点,其最大值分别为25.38×10-4m/s和9.9×10-4m/s。计算结果与实测结果符合良好,较好地刻画了胶南近岸海域M2分潮潮流场的时空分布特点。     

余氯对大亚湾海区平鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的毒性研究

用含游离余氯、化合余氯的海水分别对大亚湾平鲷Rhabdosargussarba、黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus浸毒处理30min和60min。结果表明,两种形态余氛对色的耗氧率有明显抑制作用,游离余氯对平鲷、黑鲷的48hLC50分别为0．19和0．18mg·L－1,48hLC1分别为0．07和0.06mg·L－1;化合余氯的48hLC50分别为0.56和0．60mg·L－1,48hLC1分别为0．21和0．24mg·L-1。游离余氯的毒性大约是化合余筑的6倍。游离余氯、化合余氯安全阈限估算值分别为0．09和0．28mg·L－1,稍高于48hLC1。     

电厂冷却水余氯对海洋环境影响的探讨

根据室内实验和对广东某电厂的现场测试,探讨该电厂冷却水经氯化处理后,海水中余氯的衰减特征和余氯对水环境的影响。研究表明,余氯衰减很快,其对外环境的影响很小。     

黄骅电厂取水河段取水特性的数模与物模研究

本文采用数值模拟与物模试验相结合的研究方法，详细地研究了黄骅电厂一、二、三期工程的取水特性。结果表明，现有河道只能满足电厂一期工程的取水需求；若将现有河道进行适当开挖，可以满足电厂三期取水需要。     

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of chlorination on green mussel Perna viridis in the context of biofouling control in a power plant cooling water system.

Continuous chlorination is a widely followed cooling water treatment practice used in the power industry to combat biofouling. The green mussel Perna viridis is one of the dominant fouling organisms ( > 70%) in the Madras Atomic Power Station. Mortality pattern as well as physiological responses such as oxygen consumption, filtration rate, byssus thread production and faecal matter production of three different size groups of this mussel were studied at different chlorination concentrations. At 0.7 mg l(-1) residual chlorine, 3-4 cm size mussels showed 100% mortality in 553.3 h while 8-9 cm size group mussels died within 588 h. At a relatively high level of residual chlorine (9.1 mg l(-1)), 100% mortality in 3-4 cm and 8-9 cm size groups took 94 and 114 h, respectively. All physiological activities studied showed a progressive reduction as chlorine residuals were increased from 0 to 0.55 mg l(-1). The data indicated that the green mussel can sense a residual chlorine level as low as < 0.15 mg l(-1) and complete valve closure occurs only at 0.55 mg l(-1). The paper also shows that the sub-lethal physiological responses are better indices than lethal responses in planning chlorination strategies.     

The decay kinetics of residual chlorine in cooling seawater simulation experiments

To find out the decay character of residual chlorine (RC) in the sea water, the concentration of RC was analyzed by N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method under different simulation experimental conditions, in which salinity, temperature, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were selected. The water used in the experiment was the mixture of aging ocean water, coastal water and extracting solution of coastal sediment at appropriate level. Results are shown as follows:(1) Piecewise function can well reflect the decay dynamics of RC in the cooling seawater. Concretely, the decay dynamics of first 1 min is too rapid to ascertain using a specific kinetic function, and that of the time from 1 to 30 min is fit for the first-order kinetic model. (2) The results could be the foundation of the chemical behavior of RC in seawater, and be used as not only the guidance of the coastal power plants production and sea water desalting companies, but also the establishment of the correlative trade standard.     

Tolerance of five species of tropical marine mussels to continuous chlorination

The paper examines the relative lethal and sublethal response of five important tropical marine mussels (Perna viridis, Perna perna, Brachidontes striatulus, Brachidontes variabilis and Modiolus philippinarum) to different chlorine concentrations varying from 0.25 to 15 mg l(-1). The mussels were observed to co-exist in the cooling water circuits of a coastal power station that adopted intermittent chlorination as a fouling control technique. The five mussel species showed, in response to chlorination, 100% mortality at significantly different exposure times, indicating significant species-specific variability in chlorine tolerance. For example, at 1 mg l(-1) residual chlorine, B. variabilis and P. viridis took 288 and 816 h, respectively, to achieve 100% mortality. The time taken for 100% mortality decreased with increasing chlorine residual concentration. The effect of mussel size (= mussel age) of P. viridis, P. perna, B. striatulus and M. philippinarum on mortality was significant between 1 and 5 mg l(-1) residual chlorine, with larger mussels showing greater resistance than smaller ones. All mussel species showed progressive reduction in physiological activities when chlorine residuals were increased from 0 to 1 mg l(-1). However, species-specific differences in the relative rate of physiological activities were observed. Accordingly, relative reduction in physiological activities in response to chlorination was the lowest in P. viridis and the highest in B. variabilis. The data clearly indicate significant differences in the lethal and sublethal responses of the five mussel species to chlorination. The results, therefore, suggest that for effective fouling control, chlorine treatment against mussels has to be employed judiciously, depending on the mussel species involved.     

The exposure of herring postlarvae to chlorine in coastal power stations

Chlorine, used to control bio fouling in coastal power station, sea water cooling circuits, is also toxic to non fouling marine organisms. Experiments quantified the toxicity of power station cooling water to postlarval Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L. Postlarvae were exposed to chlorinated sea water for 30 min, to simulate passage through a typical power station cooling water circuit, and 24h, during which detectable chlorine decayed away, to simulate a ‘worst case’ exposure. Twenty four hour LC_50S were 0·63 ppm initial concentration for 30 min exposure and 0·36 ppm initial concentration for 24 h exposure. The present findings are contrasted with work assessing the suitability of power station cooling water for aquaculture which used maintained concentrations of chlorine.     

上海沿岸天文潮与风暴潮非线性相互作用的数值研究

运用二维非线性风暴潮，天文潮和联合水位模型８次不同路径的热带气旋引起的上海地区天文潮与风暴潮的非线性相互作用进行了数值研究，讨论了天文潮气与风暴潮非线性相互作用引起的增水特征，分析了控制方程中各非线性项对天文潮与风暴晨线性相互作用引起水位变化的贡献，研究表明，考虑天文潮与风暴的非线性相互作用后，使风暴潮和水位的数值模拟结果得到了改善，非线性底摩擦在控制天文潮和风暴潮非线性相互作用中起重要的作用。而