银同位素地球化学综述

银(Ag)是生活中常见的贵金属元素.Ag有2个稳定同位素107Ag和109Ag.随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)的应用,国内外对银同位素体系开展了一系列研究.Ag在矿床中常与Au元素共生,且Pd-Ag同位素体系可作为早期太阳系演化计时器,因此在天体化学、环境科学、矿床地球化学等领域都具有广泛应用.本文首先介绍了银同位素的地球化学特点及其研究历史,对前人工作进行了系统总结,包括化学分离流程、质谱测定及质量分馏校正方法、储库同位素组成,评述了银同位素在地球科学及交叉学科中的应用.最后总结了银同位素地球化学研究的难点,展望了银同位素储库组成和分馏机理研究.     

晋北火山岩型金银矿床同位素地球化学特征

晋北地区是浅成低温热液金银矿床重要分布区。金银矿床与火山岩岩体密切相关。与成矿有关的石英斑岩、石岗斑岩基 Rb-Sr等时线年龄为136-167Ma，为燕山早中期产物，（87Sr/86Sr）。为0.7058-0.7065，属幔壳混源型。铅同位素资料表明，支家地银矿和刁泉银、金、铜矿铅同位素组成与高于庄组白云岩及有关次山岩岩石铅组成相似，可能均属壳幔混合源。耿庄金矿铅同位素属异常铅。金银矿床的δ34S值分布范围为-0.8‰-+9.6‰,算术平均值为3.8‰，为岩浆热液型特征。成矿流体氢氧同位素及碳酸盐的碳氧同     

锌同位素在行星科学中的研究进展

近年来有关太阳系天体中等挥发性元素的研究掀起了一波浪潮。锌作为中等挥发性元素,其稳定同位素对于高温挥发过程具有很好的指示作用。因此,在行星科学领域锌同位素逐渐成为研究星云和行星演化的一个理想工具。本文系统地归纳了各类陨石和行星天体储库的锌同位素组成,并对不同种类的陨石以及地外样品(碳质球粒陨石、普通球粒陨石、顽火辉石球粒陨石、橄辉无球粒陨石、铁陨石、石铁陨石、月球陨石和Apollo样品、火星陨石、灶神星陨石等)中的锌稳定同位素研究内容进行了较全面的总结。主要包括不同陨石和行星锌同位素组成的控制因素以及锌同位素对太阳系内星云过程和行星过程的指示;同时,简要论述了锌同位素在太阳系形成和演化过程中的分馏机制,并立足目前的研究基础,探讨锌同位素在行星科学领域的研究前景和发展趋势。     

西藏纳如松多银铅矿S、Pb同位素组成:对成矿物质来源的指示

纳如松多银铅矿是西藏陆陆碰撞主碰撞时期形成的特殊的隐爆角砾岩型富银富铅矿床。对该银铅矿的主要金属硫化物和矿区的斑岩进行了S、Pb同位素组成的分析和示踪讨论,结果显示矿床的金属硫化物和斑岩(细斑和粗斑)具有一致的铅同位素组成,以富集放射性成因铅为特征,表明成矿物质中的铅主要来源于矿区斑岩。方铅矿的δ34S为2.5‰～4.7‰,与之成对的闪锌矿δ34S为4.5‰～5.5‰,皆大于相对应的方铅矿,表明成矿期的S同位素基本达到了平衡。矿石硫化物硫同位素与粗斑斑岩硫同位素组成更为接近,结合Pb同位素的特征,认为银铅矿的成矿与粗斑斑岩的关系更为密切。     

陕西柞水银洞子银,铅多金属矿床物质来源初探

银洞子矿床位于陕西省南部柞水县境内,是一个以银—铅为主的多金属矿床。矿区内钠长石、碧玉和重晶石条带很发育,岩石碎屑似凝灰质结构,矿带中可见凝灰岩出露。硫同位素以富集重硫为特征,δ~(34)S‰主要集中在2‰—20‰,其形态呈波浪式分布,矿石中的铅组成属正常铅,具有单阶段演化特征。矿石中和凝灰岩中的Rb/Sr值小于1,而Ag含量却相反,都大于1,即Ag含量和凝灰岩具有密切关系。其矿床特征可与麦根矿床、芒特艾萨矿床、霍各乞矿床等国内、外著名的火山成因矿床类比。笔者认为银洞子银、铅多金属矿床的矿质来源于海底火山喷溢。     

贵州天柱大河边重晶石矿床硫同位素研究

对贵州天柱大河边重晶石矿床硫同位素组成进行了系统研究,该矿床重晶石的硫同位素组成为36.7‰-41．6‰,具有比同期海水硫酸盐高得多的硫同位素组成特征,且在834S分布直方图上呈塔式,表明形成该矿床的硫来源单一,主要来自于海水中硫酸盐并经历了较强的生物细菌分馏作用,且矿床形成环境为半封闭一封闭的台地泻湖环境。     

黔西北铅锌矿床硫同位素地球化学研究

位于扬子地块西南缘的川滇黔铅接壤区,是我国独具特色的铅锌银多金属矿集区,黔西北铅锌矿床是其重要的组成部分。黔西北铅锌成矿区内业已发现铅锌矿床(点)100余处,其赋矿围岩为泥盆至二叠系白云岩或白云质灰岩,而其分布严格受到三条区域性构造带的控制,其中大部分矿(化)体产于北西向褶皱+断裂构造体系中。在系统收集前人发表的有关矿床硫同位素数据基础上,对成矿流体中硫的来源及形成机制进行了详细的探讨。11个矿床的150件硫化物硫同位素组成介于+3.5‰⁺20.3‰,多数集中在+6‰+20.3‰,多数集中在+6‰⁺20‰分布,峰值处于+10‰+20‰分布,峰值处于+10‰⁺14‰,具有明显的塔式正态分布特征。可见硫化物明显富集重硫同位素,与在0‰附近的陨石硫不同。前人研究发现泥盆至二叠系沉积地层中,普遍发育膏盐层,其中硫酸盐硫同位素组成介于+12‰+14‰,具有明显的塔式正态分布特征。可见硫化物明显富集重硫同位素,与在0‰附近的陨石硫不同。前人研究发现泥盆至二叠系沉积地层中,普遍发育膏盐层,其中硫酸盐硫同位素组成介于+12‰⁺28‰,与泥盆至二叠纪海水硫酸盐硫同位素组成相似(+18‰+28‰,与泥盆至二叠纪海水硫酸盐硫同位素组成相似(+18‰⁺30‰)。硫酸盐热化学还原(TSR)可以使体系中的硫同位素组成降低15‰,因此,黔西北铅锌矿床成矿流体中的还原硫主要是TSR的产物,即蒸发岩是主要的硫源。     

大兴安岭中北段二道河铅锌银多金属矿床地质特征与成矿物质来源

二道河矿床是近年来大兴安岭中北段新发现的一处大型矽卡岩型铅锌银多金属矿床.矿床成矿作用经历了早矽卡岩阶段、晚矽卡岩阶段、磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐等5个阶段的演化.为探讨矿床成矿物质来源,本文对矿床主要金属硫化物、与成矿关系密切的花岗斑岩、闪长岩、中生代火山岩开展了S、Pb同位素分析.结果表明,矿床主要金属矿物 δ34S分布范围为5.8‰～8.9‰,呈"塔式分布",与典型矽卡岩型铅锌矿床及区域典型铅锌矿床硫同位素组成相近,与花岗质岩石较相似,表明该矿床硫主要来自于深部岩浆热液体系,热液演化过程中与奥陶系海相地层进行了硫同位素交换.矿床硫同位素组成表现为δ34Spy＞δ34SSp＞δ34SCcp＞δ34SGn,暗示主成矿阶段硫同位素分馏达到了平衡,计算得到各共存矿物对的平衡温度范围为227～382℃.该矿床矿石矿物具有高放射性壳源铅的特征,而花岗斑岩及闪长岩、中生代火山岩铅同位素则具低放射性铅特征,铅同位素数据均落入造山带演化线附近,构造图解中具有明显线性分布特征,表明其具有相同铅源及铅同位素演化特征,在Aγ-Δβ图解中均落入与岩浆作用有关的上地壳与地幔混合俯冲带铅源区.综上表明,矿床成矿物质具有多元组分的贡献,而矿石矿物与花岗斑岩及闪长岩铅同位素组成、μ值和Th/U比值都较为接近,综合矿床铅锌矿体主要产出于花岗斑岩、闪长岩与碳酸盐岩接触带的空间关系,反映其主要物质来源为燕山期中酸性侵入岩.     

锶同位素体系对治岭头金银矿床成矿物质源岩的限制

治岭头金银矿床形成于晚侏罗世大规模的火山喷发之后,主成矿期年龄为１００×１０６ａ。锶同位素体系的研究,提供了对该金银矿床成矿物质源岩的限定,表明变质岩和火山岩作为成矿物源都参加了成矿过程,其成矿源岩约４０％为前寒武纪变质岩,６０％为晚侏罗世的火山岩。     

广东长坑金银矿床流体包裹体及同位素地球化学研究

通过长坑金银矿床流体包裹体及氢氧硫碳同位素的研究，表明金矿体与银矿体在空间上虽存在分带性，但成矿的物质来源和成矿热液来源是相同的。金银矿床的形成，成矿温度为２５０℃，Ｌｏｇｆｏ２为－３８～－３７，ｐＨ为４．０～５．６，硫化物的δ３４Ｓ值为－６．６‰～８．８‰；成矿热液水的δ１８Ｏ值和δＤ值分别为－７．８‰～９．０‰和－８０‰～－４３‰；金银矿石Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄为１３３×１０６ａ～１３７×１０６ａ。因此，金银矿床的形成为燕山期岩浆活动提供热源，使大气降水在地层中循环淋滤，带出地层中成矿物质，并在容矿构造中沉淀形成矿床。     

Silver isotope variations in chondrites: Volatile depletion and the initial Pd abundance of the solar system

The extinct radionuclide ¹⁰⁷Pd decays to ¹⁰⁷Ag (half-life of 6.5 Ma) and is an early solar system chronometer with outstanding potential to study volatile depletion in the early solar system. Here, a comprehensive Ag isotope study of carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites is presented. Carbonaceous chondrites show limited variations (ε¹⁰⁷Ag = −2.1 to +0.8) in Ag isotopic composition that correlate with the Pd/Ag ratios. Assuming a strictly radiogenic origin of these variations, a new initial ¹⁰⁷Pd/¹⁰⁸Pd of 5.9 (±2.2) × 10⁻⁵ for the solar system can be deduced. Comparing the Pd-Ag and Mn-Cr data for carbonaceous chondrites suggests that Mn-Cr and Pd-Ag fractionation took place close to the time of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusion (CAI) and chondrule formation ∼4568 Ma ago. Using the new value for the initial ¹⁰⁷Pd abundance, the revised ages for the iron-rich meteorites Gibeon (IVA, 8.5 +3.2/−4.6 Ma), Grant (IIIAB, 13.0 +3.5/−4.9 Ma) and Canyon Diablo (IA, 19.5 +24.1/−10.4 Ma) are consistent with cooling rates and the closure temperature of the Pd-Ag system. In contrast to carbonaceous chondrites, ordinary chondrites show large stable isotope fractionation of order of 1 permil for ¹⁰⁷Ag/¹⁰⁹Ag. This indicates that different mechanisms of volatile depletion were active in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. Nebular processes and accretion, as experienced by carbonaceous chondrites, did not led to significant Ag isotope fractionation, while the significant Ag isotope variations in ordinary chondrites are most likely inflicted by open system parent body metamorphism.     

Accurate measurement of silver isotopic compositions in geological materials including low Pd/Ag meteorites

Very precise silver (Ag) isotopic compositions have been determined for a number of terrestrial rocks, and high and low Pd/Ag meteorites by utilizing multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). The meteorites include primitive chondrites, the Group IAB iron meteorites Canyon Diablo and Toluca, and the Group IIIAB iron meteorite Grant. Silver isotopic measurements are primarily of interest because ¹⁰⁷Ag was produced by decay of the short-lived radionuclide ¹⁰⁷Pd during the formation of the solar system and hence the Pd-Ag chronometer has set constraints on the timing of early planetesimal formation. A 2σ precision of ±0.05‰ can be obtained for analyses of standard solutions when Ag isotopic ratios are normalized to Pd, to correct for instrumental mass discrimination, and to bracketing standards. Caution must be exercised when making Ag isotopic measurements because isotopic artifacts can be generated in the laboratory and during mass spectrometry. The external reproducibility for geological samples based on replicate analyses of rocks is ±0.2‰ (2σ).All chondrites analyzed have similar Ag isotopic compositions that do not differ significantly (>0.3‰) from the ‘terrestrial’ value of the NIST SRM 978a Ag isotope standard. Hence, they show no evidence of excess ¹⁰⁷Ag derived from ¹⁰⁷Pd decay or, of stable Ag isotope fractionation associated with volatile element depletion within the accretion disk or from parent body metamorphism. The Group IAB iron meteorite samples analyzed show evidence of complex behavior and disturbance of Ag isotope systematics. Therefore, care must be taken when using this group of iron meteorites to obtain chronological information based on the Pd-Ag decay scheme.     

High-noble measurement of 107Ag/109Ag in native silver and gold by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS)

The MC-ICP-MS technique was used to study Ag isotope systematics in various silver and gold deposits. Owing to the correction of measured ¹⁰⁷Ag/¹⁰⁹Ag values in samples for the mass discrimination effect on the basis of the ¹⁰⁸Pd/¹⁰⁶Pd reference ratio, a precision of ±0.4? (±2SD) was achieved. The ¹⁰⁷Ag/¹⁰⁹Ag ratio was determined in native silver and gold samples from ten well-known noble-metal deposits of varying age (from the Archean to Miocene) in Europe (Kongsberg, Banska Hodrusa, Kremnica, Maiskoe, and Karabash); northeastern, central, and southern Asia (Sukhoi Log, Dukat, Aktepe, and Kolar); and North America (Kidd Creek). The ¹⁰⁷Ag/¹⁰⁹Ag values of the samples studied range from +0.9 to ?5.0 $\varepsilon _{107_{Ag} }$ . The observed range is similar to that (6.4 $\varepsilon _{107_{Ag} }$ ) reported previously (Hauri et al., 2000) for oceanic basalts and Ag ores. The ¹⁰⁷Ag/¹⁰⁹Ag ratio shows no correlation with the age of deposits and the composition of their ores and host rocks. The most probable reasons for the observed variations in Ag isotope composition are the isotope geochemical heterogeneity of Ag sources in mineral deposits and Ag isotope fractionation in ore-forming processes.     

Proposal for an International Molybdenum Isotope Measurement Standard and Data Representation

Molybdenum isotopes are increasingly widely applied in Earth Sciences. They are primarily used to investigate the oxygenation of Earth's ocean and atmosphere. However, more and more fields of application are being developed, such as magmatic and hydrothermal processes, planetary sciences or the tracking of environmental pollution. Here, we present a proposal for a unifying presentation of Mo isotope ratios in the studies of mass‐dependent isotope fractionation. We suggest that the δ^98/95Mo of the NIST SRM 3134 be defined as +0.25‰. The rationale is that the vast majority of published data are presented relative to reference materials that are similar, but not identical, and that are all slightly lighter than NIST SRM 3134. Our proposed data presentation allows a direct first‐order comparison of almost all old data with future work while referring to an international measurement standard. In particular, canonical δ^98/95Mo values such as +2.3‰ for seawater and ?0.7‰ for marine Fe–Mn precipitates can be kept for discussion. As recent publications show that the ocean molybdenum isotope signature is homogeneous, the IAPSO ocean water standard or any other open ocean water sample is suggested as a secondary measurement standard, with a defined δ^98/95Mo value of +2.34 ± 0.10‰ (2s).     

Re-Os and Pd-Ag systematics in Group IIIAB irons and in pallasites

Using improved analytical techniques, which reduce the Re blanks by factors of 8 to 10, we report new Re-Os data on low Re and low PGE pallasites (PAL-anom) and IIIAB irons. The new pallasite samples nearly double the observed range in Re/Os for pallasites and allow the determination of an isochron of slope 0.0775 ± 0.0008 (T = 4.50 ± 0.04 Ga, using the adjusted λ¹⁸⁷Re = 1.66 × 10⁻¹¹ a⁻¹) and initial (¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os)₀ = 0.09599 ± 0.00046. If the data on different groups of pallasites (including the “anomalous” pallasites) are considered to define a whole-rock isochron, their formation would appear to be distinctly younger than for the iron meteorites by ∼60 Ma. Five IIIAB irons (Acuna, Bella Roca, Chupaderos, Grant, and Bear Creek), with Re contents ranging from 0.9 to 2.8 ppb, show limited Re/Os fractionation and plot within errors on the IIAB iron meteorite isochron of slope 0.07848 ± 0.00018 (T = 4.56 ± 0.01 Ga) and initial (¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os)₀ = 0.09563 ± 0.00011. Many of the meteorites were analyzed also for Pd-Ag and show ¹⁰⁷Ag enrichments correlated with Pd/Ag, requiring early formation and fractionation of the FeNi metal, in a narrow time interval, after injection of live ¹⁰⁷Pd (t_1/2 = 6.5 Ma) into the solar nebula. Based on Pd-Ag, the typical range in relative ages of these meteorites is ≤10 Ma. The Pd-Ag results suggest early formation and preservation of the ¹⁰⁷Pd-¹⁰⁷Ag systematics, both for IIIAB irons and for pallasites, while the younger Re-Os apparent age for pallasites suggests that the Re-Os system in pallasites was subject to re-equilibration. The low Re and low PGE pallasites show significant Re/Os fractionation (higher Re/Os) as the Re and PGE contents decrease. By contrast, the IIIAB irons show a restricted range in Re/Os, even for samples with extremely low Re and PGE contents. There is a good correlation of Re and Ir contents. The correlation of Re and Os contents for IIIAB irons shows a similar complex pattern as observed for IIAB irons (Morgan et al., 1995), and neither can be ascribed to a continuous fractional crystallization process with uniform solid-metal/liquid-metal distribution coefficients.     

Geology and D-O-C Isotope Systematics of the Tieluping Silver Deposit,Henan, China: Implications for Ore Genesis

The Tieluping silver deposit, which is sited along NE-trending faults within the high-grade metamorphic basement of the Xiong‘er terrane, is part of an important Mesozoic orogenic-type Ag-Pb and Au belt recently discovered. Ore formation includes three stages: Early (E), Middle (M) and Late (L), which include quartz-pyrite (E),polymetallic sulfides (M) and carbonates (L), respectively. The E-stage fluids are characterized by δD=-90%c,δ^13CCO2=2.0‰ and δ^18O=9‰ at 373℃, and are deeply sourced; the L-stage fluids, with δD=-70‰, δ^13C CO2=-1.3%c and δ^18O=-2‰, are shallow-sourced meteoric water; whereas the M-stage fluids, with δD=-109‰, δ^13C CO2=0.1%c and δ^18O2‰, are a mix of deep-sourced and shallow-sourced fluids. Comparisons of the D-O-C isotopic systematics of the Estage ore-forming fluids with the fluids derived from Mesozoic granites, Archean-Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Xiong‘er Group, show that these units cannot generate fluids with the measured isotopic composition (high δ^180 and δ^13C ratios and low δD ratios) characteristic of the ore-forming fluids. This suggests that the E-stage ore-forming fluids originated from metamorphic devolatilization of a carbonate-shale-chert lithological association, locally rich in organic matter, which could correspond to the Meso-Neoproterozoic Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, rather than to geologic units in the Xiong‘er terrane, the lower crust and the mantle. This supports the view that the rocks of the Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups south of the Machaoying fault might be the favorable sources. A tectonic model that combines collisional orogeny, metallogeny and hydrothermal fluid flow is proposed to explain the formation of the Tieluping silver deposit. During the Mesozoic collision between the South and North China paleocontinents, a crustal slab containing a lithological association consisting of carbonate-shale-chert, locally rich in organic matter (carbonaceous shale) was thrust northwards beneath the Xiong‘er terrane along the Machaoying fault.Metamorphic devolatilization of this underthrust slab provided the ore-forming fluids to develop the Au-Ag-(Pb-Zn) ore belt, which includes the Tieluping silver deposit.     

广东长坑-富湾超大型独立银矿床Rb-Sr定年及形成分析

长坑-富湾超大型银矿床主要产在下石炭统灰岩与上三叠统页岩断层不整合面下的硅质岩及灰岩中,矿化多为脉状,主要由石英、方解石、方铅矿、闪锌矿及银矿物组成。成矿流体Rb-Sr 等时线年龄为68±8.5Ma,表明成矿发生在59.5-76.5 Ma 之间。(87Sr/86Sr)I= 0.7164.成矿流体δ¹⁸O 在-0.86‰-4.1‰之间,δD 在-39.8‰-59‰之间,表明成矿流体为循环大气降水或建造水。银矿床铅同位素组成和产于中新元古代地层中茶洞银矿床方铅矿的铅同位素组成基本一致。据成矿年龄、成矿流体氢氧同位素组成及铅同位素组成特点,认为长坑-富湾超大型独立银矿床是晚白垩世至第三纪火山及次火山活动加热循环大气降水及建造水溶解深部矿源岩中经过早期成矿富集的成矿物质,迁移至灰岩与硅质岩及硅质岩与页岩界面时沉淀析出形成的。     

新疆焉耆盆地水环境氢氧同位素特征及其指示作用

根据焉耆盆地开都河水及其两岸地下水中的氢氧稳定同位素资料及氘过量参数(d)值,分析了焉耆盆地内不同水体的δ(D)、δ(18O)和d值的分布规律,并得到地下水的主要补给来源及其与开都河水的相互作用关系;地下水的δ(D)在-87.60‰～-61.82‰间,δ(18O)在-10.90‰～-9.73‰间;开都河水的δ(D)在-71.95‰～-58.58‰间,δ(18O)在-9.57‰～-8.64‰间。结果表明:焉耆盆地内地下水和地表水同源于山区的降水和冰雪融水,且经历了较强的蒸发作用;地下水与地表水之间的直接水力联系较弱,深层地下水主要接受开都河水在洪积扇区的入渗补给,浅层地下水主要接受河流引水灌溉入渗;不同深度地下水之间的水力联系较为密切,为统一的地下水系统。     

Li同位素组成对太古宙海水相关的表生环境过程的初步限定

研究试图利用Li同位素地球化学对太古代海水相关的表生环境过程进行初步的限定.通过对来自南非Kaapvaal克拉通的海相碳酸盐岩样品进行Li同位素分析,发现在3.0~2.9 Ga期间形成的碳酸盐岩δ7Li值为~+1‰,而在2.6~2.5 Ga期间,碳酸盐岩δ7Li值达到7‰~10‰.经过反演计算得到对应时代的海水Li同位素组成分别为~+12‰和~+20‰,均明显低于现代海水值（~+31‰）,但是2.6~2.5 Ga期间的海水δ7Li值要比3.0~2.9 Ga时高出8‰.作为大陆硅酸岩风化的有效示踪剂,太古代海水较低的Li同位素组成表明当时的地表风化以源岩溶解为主,次生矿物形成极少,在3.0~2.5 Ga期间,海水整体温度下降以及次生矿物形成增加可能共同导致了海水δ7Li值的升高.通过对太古代碳酸盐岩的Li同位素研究能够有效反演古海水的Li同位素组成,并为了解太古代表生风化过程对海水的影响提供了新的信息.      

The isotopic composition and concentration of Ag in iron meteorites and the origin of exotic silver

The isotopic composition of Ag and the concentration of Ag and Pd have been determined in Canyon Diablo (IA), Grant (IIIB), Hoba, Santa Clara, Tlacotepec and Warburton Range (IVB), Piñon and Deep Springs (anom.). Troilite from Grant and Santa Clara have also been analyzed. All of these meteorites, with the exception of Canyon Diablo, give ${}^{107}\text{Ag}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ in the metal phase that is greater than the terrestrial value with the enrichments of ¹⁰⁷Ag ranging from ~2% to 212%. These data show that Ag of anomalous isotopic composition is common to all IVB and anomalous meteorites. The results on Grant suggest that the anomalies may be widespread including more common meteorite groups. There is a general correlation of ${}^{107}\text{Ag}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ with $\text{Pd}\text{Ag}$ except for the data from FeS of Santa Clara. It is concluded that the excess ¹⁰⁷Ag is the result of decay of ¹⁰⁷Pd, a nuclide that is extinct at present with an abundance of ${}^{107}\text{Pd}{}^{108}\text{Pd}$ of about 3 × 10^?5. The troilite in Grant exhibits normal ${}^{107}\text{Ag}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ to within errors, a high Ag concentration and a low ratio of ${}^{108}\text{Pd}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ ~0.17. Grant metal has ${}^{107}\text{Ag}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ that is ~2% greater than normal and a high ratio of ${}^{108}\text{Pd}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ ~ 10³. The data from Grant appear to represent a ¹⁰⁷Pd-¹⁰⁷Ag isochron and indicate that the cooling rate at elevated temperatures was sufficiently rapid to preserve substantial isotopic differences between metal and troilite. Troilite in Santa Clara was found to contain Ag with a very high ${}^{107}\text{Ag}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ ratio (108% above normal), an Ag concentration only a factor of three above the metal and a high value of ${}^{108}\text{Pd}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ ~1.3 × 10⁴. The troilite has a higher ${}^{107}\text{Ag}{}^{109}\text{Ag}$ than the metal. These data are not compatible with a simple model of in situ decay and subsequent local Ag redistribution between metal and troilite during cooling. These data suggest that Ag in Santa Clara and possibly other IVB meteorites is made up of almost pure ¹⁰⁷Ag produced from ¹⁰⁷Pd decay and ¹⁰⁹Ag produced by nuclear reactions with only a small amount of “normal” Ag. This indicates an intense energetic particle bombardment history in the early solar system (~10²⁰ p/m²) which occurred after the formation of small planetary bodies. We infer that a T-Tauri activity by the early sun contributed to some late stage “nucleosynthesis” and the heating of a dust cloud. In addition, implications on the early thermal evolution of iron meteorites are presented based on ¹⁰⁷Pd decay and models of the cooling history.