贵州都匀下泥盆统蟒山群Zosterophyllum australianum(澳大利亚工蕨)新材料及其古地理意义*

Zosterophyllum(工蕨属)是早期陆生植物的代表性类群之一,全球广泛分布。Z.australianum(澳大利亚工蕨)产自华南和澳大利亚,是东北冈瓦纳古植物地理区系的典型分子。文中描述了产自贵州都匀包阳剖面蟒山群中的Z.australianum新材料。该标本的孢子囊具短柄,呈椭圆形或扇形,宽2.6~4.1 mm,高可达3.9 mm,加厚带宽约0.6 mm,紧密螺旋排列形成孢子囊穗,与云南文山早泥盆世坡松冲植物群中的Z. australiaunum极为相似。依据目前对Z. australianum时代延限的认识,并结合蟒山群其他植物属种的发现(如Adoketophyton subverticillatum),推断该群下段的时代为早泥盆世布拉格期。Z. australianum在蟒山群中的发现,扩展了该植物的地理分布范围,反映出蟒山群中的植物组合与坡松冲植物群存在一定联系。     

滇东曲靖地区下泥盆统徐家冲组植物研究

本文描述了我国滇东曲靖地区下泥盆统徐家冲组的植物化石Hedeia sinica Hao et Gensel 1998,Huia gracilis wang D- M et Hao2001和 Guangnania cuneata Wang D- M et Hao(印刷中)。根据相同植物(Hedeia,Huia,Guangnania and Zosterophyllum australianum)的出现及其层位,首次证明中国徐家冲植物群的中下部组合同早泥盆世((晚)布拉格期)中国滇东南坡松冲植物群和澳大利亚上 Barag-wanathia植物群具有可比性。基于这种可比性和地层层序,认为徐家冲组中下部地层为(晚)布拉格期。依据对植物、双壳、鱼化石组合的     

中国云南早泥盆世坡松冲植物群——探究早期陆生维管植物演化分异的窗口

简要回顾了目前云南早泥盆世坡松冲植物群的研究，论述了坡松冲植物群的时代、组成和性质。研究表明坡松冲植物群在某些简单的、常见的工蕨类植物和三枝蕨类植物组成的背景下，含有具复杂形态和结构特征的植物类群，显示了较劳亚大陆同期陆生维管植物更进化的营养器官、生殖器官分异的水平。不同古植物地理区的长期隔离（也就是，早泥盆世的东北冈瓦纳古植物地理区和华南亚区）和独特的环境可能是造成众多地方性分子演化分异的原因。坡松冲植物群的研究表明中国华南可能是早期陆生维管植物演化辐射的中心之一。     

云南早泥盆世植物稳定碳同位素特征及其古气候意义*

受到植物化石材料局限性与时代久远性的限制,目前用古生代植物化石δ¹³C值来反演古环境的研究程度较低。文中通过对云南省曲靖市下泥盆统徐家冲组和文山州下泥盆统坡松冲组的部分植物化石进行稳定碳同位素测试,分析了早泥盆世植物的光合作用途径以及古环境。结果表明: 徐家冲组镰蕨属(Drepanophycus)δ¹³C值为-29.0‰~-22.8‰,平均值为-24.5‰,其中镰蕨属茎轴的δ¹³C值高于叶片0.1‰~0.3‰;坡松冲组工蕨属(Zosterophyllum)和始叶蕨属(Eophyllophyton)δ¹³C值分别为-24.8‰~-22.1‰和-23.0‰~-22.6‰,平均值分别为-23.2‰和-22.7‰;三者的δ¹³C值分布范围都与现代C3植物一致。自徐家冲组第57至第79沉积旋回,δ¹³C值总体呈上升趋势,达到2‰左右,推测可能与早泥盆世大气CO₂浓度下降和气候变冷相关。镰蕨属和工蕨属的C_i/C_a值较为稳定,说明这2种植物可能对大气CO₂浓度变化较为敏感,曲靖市古气候可能为当今的热带疏林草原气候或热带季风气候。     

中国滇东南早泥盆世坡松冲组的一个石松植物新属种——辐射正理木(Zhenglia radiata gen.etsp.nov.)及其演化意义

本文描述了一个产自中国滇东南文山地区坡松冲组(早泥盆世布拉格期)的新植物属、种——辐射正理木(Zhenglia radiatagen.etsp.nov.)。这是一个小型草本石松植物。气生枝分化出营养轴和生殖轴,茎轴上叶迹的排列显示出似鳞木的叶序。叶迹可能具有叶舌穴,小型叶由突出和下延的基部和一个全缘的长叶片所组成。生殖轴由螺旋排列的孢子叶组成,它们形成一个紧密的似孢子叶球的结构。每个孢子叶具有侧向的延展和远端的叶片。长卵形的孢子囊近轴面着生在孢子叶上。我们将这个新植物置于原始鳞木目中。考虑到形态的相似性,特别是未分叉的小型叶具有似…     

新疆早侏罗世植物群特征

本文根据新疆早侏罗世各组中所产的植物化石,提出了疆新早侏罗世植物群分属于毛羽叶—锥叶蕨植物群与锥叶蕨—拟刺葵植物群的过渡植物群和锥叶蕨—拟刺葵植物群.过渡植物群中苏铁类比较丰富.锥叶蕨—拟刺葵植物群以真蕨类和银杏类为主,真蕨类中锥叶蕨,托第蕨,枝脉蕨最为发育.两个植物群按照不同层位均可分出上下两个组合.本文还探讨了八道湾组时代,认为无疑属早侏罗世,塔里奇克组植物组合也应属早侏罗世(塔里奇克组的地质时代为T_(?)—J_1).早侏罗世早期新疆气侯曾一度炎热,向后转为湿暖潮湿.     

志留纪—早泥盆世维管植物的系统发育、幕式演化和地理分布:植物大化石证据

尽管近年来对志留纪—早泥盆世陆生维管植物系统发育的认识取得了很大进展,但是目前对多囊蕨类、莱尼蕨类、工蕨类的界定和类群划分尚有分歧,工蕨类和石松类的姐妹群关系仍有疑问,真叶植物基部类群有待深入研究。志留纪至早泥盆世的维管植物演化可划分为2幕,即前布拉格期序幕阶段和布拉格期爆发阶段。维管植物主要分支在第1幕均处于萌芽状态,仅出现个别先驱型分子;第2幕为维管植物分支爆发式演化的主幕。在布拉格期,规则叶序、孢子叶、似叶球状结构等石松类的典型性状最早显现,真叶植物发生明显的分支分化,大型叶及其同源器官(枝叶复合体)多次独立起源,孢子囊和叶性结构的发育相关性在多个支系中趋同演化出现。古植物地理方面,在东北冈瓦纳区的华南地区,工蕨类以孢子囊螺旋排列的类型为主,真叶植物在布拉格期显示出高度的多样性和分异度;在劳俄区,工蕨类中孢子囊成列排列的类型较为丰富,真叶植物的大量出现要晚于华南地区。羊角蕨纲、拟库克逊蕨类、莱尼蕨目的分支演化可能主要发生在南劳俄和西北冈瓦纳等中、高纬度地区。工蕨类、石松类和真叶植物的分支演化和地理辐射可能遵循“走出热带”模式,它们在低纬度地区最早发生分化并快速辐射;维管植物主要分支在布拉格期的爆发式演化,主要是热带植物群革新演化的贡献。     

南型植物化石在新疆“小泉沟群”的发现及意义——兼论中国“肯氏兽层”的地质时代

六十年代初,斯行健,周志炎(1962)曾将中国中生代植物划分为五个不同时代的植物群,即: 5.被子植物群(早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世) 4.茹伏德蕨—拟金粉蕨(Ruffordia—Onychiopsis)植物群(晚侏罗世至早白垩世早期) 3.锥蕨—拟刺葵(Coniopteris—Phoenicopis)植物群(早侏罗世至中侏罗世) 2.网叶蕨—格子蕨(Dictyophyllum—Clathro-     

辽宁铁法盆地早白垩世植物群中的真蕨植物新材料及其原位孢子

铁法植物群产于辽宁北部铁法盆地下白垩统小明安碑组含煤地层中。该植物群由45属79种组成。真蕨是其中最繁盛的类别,计15属29种,占植物群种数的36.7％,并且有较高的分异度,覆盖了9个科别,在我国同期植物群中很有特色。本文在形态对比和原位孢子囊、孢子研究的基础上建立了Coniopteris longpinnate sp.nov.,Dryopterites triangularis sp.nov.,Asplenivm tiefanvm sp.nov.3个新种,还对保存了生殖羽片的其它8种真蕨作了原位孢子分析,大大提高了这些属种的研究程度。     

西秦岭泥盆纪植物群的研究概况

(一) 多年来,在两北地区发现了不少泥盆纪植物化石。虽然对其正式研究报道的还不多,但积累的资料已相当丰富。这些化石所代表的植物群面貌,有的已研究清楚,有的正在进行研究。就目前所知,西北地区泥盆纪植物群的产地主要有新疆的西准噶尔、甘肃的北祁连山和西秦岭(包括四川最北部)地区。其中西准噶尔地区所产的植物群,以内容丰富、保存完美和时代齐全(早泥盆世至晚泥盆世)为特征,开始引起有关方面的重视。西秦岭地区只见有早泥盆世和晚泥盆世植物群比较发育,北祁连山地区仅晚泥盆世植物群保存较好。此外,还     

Researches on Plants from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation in the Qujing District, Eastern Yunnan

Fossil plants Hedeia sinica Hao et Gensel 1998, Huia gracilis Wang et Hao 2001 and Guangnania cuneata Wang et Hao are described from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation, the Qujing district, eastern Yunnan, China. They contribute to our knowledge of the flora in this district. Based on the occurrence of common plants (Hedeia, Huia, Guangnania and Zosterophyllum australianum) and their horizons, it is proved for the first time that the mid-lower assemblage of the Xujiachong flora is comparable with the Early Devonian ((late) Pragian) Posongchong flora of southeastern Yunnan and the upper Baragwanathia flora of Australia. In view of this fact and the stratigraphic sequence, the mid-lower part of the Xujiachong Formation is considered to be of (late) Pragian age. Through comprehensive analyses of plant, bivalve and fish assemblages and the lithology, the upper part of the Xujiachong Formation is dated to be of early Emsian age. The Xujiachong flora belonged to the northeastern Gondwana palaeophytogeogr     

A New Zosterophyll Plant, Ramoferis gen. nov., from the Posongchong Formation of Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Southeastern Yunnan, China

A new genus and species,Ramoferis amalia gen.et sp.nov.,is described from the Early Devonian(Pragian)Posongchong Formation,Wenshan district of southeastern Yunnan,China.This plant has isodichotomous major axes,which also divide anisotomously distally to produce closely spaced lateral branches,often within fertile regions.The stalked round to reniform sporangia,borne laterally and spirally over several levels of branches,are distantly to moderately spaced or aggregated into distinct spikes.The stalks incr...     

The oldest flora of the South China Block, and the stratigraphic bearings of the plant remains from the Ngoc Vung Series, northern Vietnam

Several outcrops of the Late Silurian and Devonian of the Ngoc Vung Series, northern Vietnam, yielded plant remains. The Late Silurian localities delivered the earliest known flora of the South China block. Although the fossils are fragmentary, they complement our knowledge about the global composition of the flora. The major components of the flora are plants with dichotomous habit and terminal bivalvate sporangia, which are close relatives to zosterophylls, and zosterophylls. Plants with possible euphyllophyte affinities and bryophytes are occasionally present. This floral composition is similar to that of the rich, younger South China block assemblages from the Posongchong and Xujiachong Formations of China, considered Pragian in age. The South China block flora is therefore likely to have been dominated by zosterophylls and pre-zosterophylls at least from the Late Silurian to the Pragian (i.e. a 20 million years long period). It also strengthens the hypothesis that more derived plants were present on eastern Gondwana earlier that elsewhere, in the first steps of tracheophyte evolution. The Devonian localities of the Ngoc Vung Series delivered a thick fibrous stem fragment and a basal euphyllophyte. These latter plant remains provide some stratigraphic data. The large stem fragment is consistent with an Eifelian age for the Duong Dong Formation (part of the Ngoc Vung Series), as suggested by the brachiopod fauna. The accompanying basal euphyllophyte displays a combination of characters (axes 3-4 mm wide and lateral branchings) that is also consistent with an Eifelian age, but possibly more characteristic of the Emsian flora. It is therefore suggested that the stratigraphic range of the Duong Dong Formation might be extended down to the Emsian.     

A New Lycopsid, Zhenglia radiata gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Devonian Posongchong Formation of Southeastern Yunnan, China, and Its Evolutionary Significance

A new plant, Zhenglia radiata gen. et sp. nov., from the Posongchong Formation （Early Devonian, Pragian age） of the Wenshan District of southeastern Yunnan Province, China is a small herbaceous lycopsid. The aerial branches divide into foliar and fertile stems. The arrangement of the leaf bases on the stem shows lepidodendroid-like phyllotaxy. Possibly the leaf base bears a ligulate pit. The microphyll consists of a swollen, decurrent base, and an entire, linear lamina. The fertile axis is composed of sporophylls arranged helically, forming a compact area similar to cone-like structure. Each sporophyll consists of a widened lateral extension and a distal lamina. The ovoid-elongate sporangia are attached adaxially on the surface of sporophylls. Based on morphological similarities, especially the undivided microphylls, the style of phyllotaxy, the form of the cone-like structures and sporangia, the new lycopsid Zhenglia radiata is placed in the order Protolepidodendrales and a possible evolutionary relationship with the arborescent lycopsids of the Late Devonian and Carboniferous is considered.     

Two Zosterophyll Plants from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Xitun Formation of Northeastern Yunnan, China

Abstract: Two zosterophyll plants are described from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Xitun Formation of Qujing, Yunnan, China. Xitunia spinitheca gen. et sp. nov. has stalked sporangia laterally attached on the axis in a helical arrangement. Sporangia are dorsoventrally flattened and composed of two unequal valves; the adaxial valve is round in face view, while the abaxial valve is larger than the former, triangular or wedge-shaped, and radially bears long spiny appendages along the distal margin. Xitunia shows new variation of sporangial morphology within the zosterophylls. Zosterophyllum minorstachyum sp. nov. has K-shaped branchings at the basal parts and small-sized terminal spikes, which consist of round to elliptical sporangia arranged helically. This paper provides new data on the diversity of plant types during Lochkovian when rare vascular plants were reported. As for various species of Zosterophyllum in South China, their apparent evolutionary trend of features from the Late Silurian to Early Devonian (Emsian) is discussed.     

兴蒙—新疆北部及邻区早石炭世古生物地理区系

中国兴蒙—新疆北部及邻区早石炭世地层十分发育，动植物化石丰富。根据生物群综合分析，将该研究区归入哈萨克斯坦—西伯利亚域和特提斯域，并进一步划分为３个省，８个亚省。西伯利业省以管孔贝大量发育为特征，缺少大长身贝类，珊瑚不甚发育，植物少见，为安加拉植物群；哈萨克斯坦—蒙古—兴安省以管孔贝类和大长身贝类共同发育为突出特征，珊瑚较发育，但分区特征不明显，并有大量异珊瑚类，植物为安加拉植物群；塔里木北缘—西秦岭省以南方型生物群大量发育为主要特征，大长身贝类最为发育，缺少管孔贝类，珊瑚数量十分丰富，并有假乌拉珊瑚大量发育，植物以华夏植物群为主。早石炭世古生物地理分区与板块关系密切，晚泥盆世末，西伯利亚板块南移，与哈萨克斯坦板块汇聚，到早石炭世早、中期，两大板块基本上处于相近似的古生物地理环境，与此同时，塔里木板块逐渐北移，与哈萨克斯坦板块海水相通，致使哈萨克斯坦板块广大海域出现南、北动物群混生现象。早石炭世末，三大板块海域相连，除各地沉积和构造古地理环境尚有差异外，中石炭世开始，腕足类，类及珊瑚等动物群均显示出明显的一致性。     

中国泥盆纪维管植物的组成与古地理分布

依据泥盆纪早、中、晚3个时期的中国岩相古地理图及中国泥盆纪植物已有的资料,绘制出中国泥盆纪这3个时期的植物古地理分布图。中国泥盆纪海侵的主要方向是从中国西南部的云南地区（早泥盆世）逐渐向长江中游的华中地区（中泥盆世）及长江下游的华东地区（晚泥盆世）发展。中国泥盆纪维管植物在南方的分布是随着海侵,逐渐向华中及华东地区扩展,由早泥盆世西南地区的云南、四川、贵州,以及广西和湖南南部等地区,发展至中泥盆世云南、四川、贵州、湖南的中北部以及湖北的南部地区,在晚泥盆世的分布范围扩大到广东、湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、浙江以及江苏等地区。泥盆纪维管植物在北方的分布范围较小,从中泥盆世才开始出现,主要分布在新疆的北部,晚泥盆世在宁夏等地区也有分布。中国泥盆纪3个时期陆地维管植物各个种类所占的百分含量表明,早期的植物主要以较为原始的莱尼蕨类、工蕨类以及前石松类为主,中期石松类占优势,到了晚期石松类依然占优势,而楔叶类、真蕨类以及前裸子植物开始繁盛。