两种温度下鄱阳湖3种典型植物茎和叶残体降解过程中水中的氮和磷含量变化

于2015年10月15~17日,割取鄱阳湖3种典型植物灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens)、虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)地上部分,采集其茎和叶,在实验室内,在20℃和35℃条件下,在植物茎和叶残体在水中的降解过程中,测定植物残体释放到水中的氮、磷营养盐(全氮、全磷、氨氮、硝态氮、磷酸盐)的含量和降解残液p H。研究结果表明,在35℃条件下,在芦苇茎和叶残体降解过程中,水中总氮、硝态氮、氨氮和总磷质量浓度分别在实验的第24天、第24天、第30天和第30天达到最大值,分别为361.40 mg/L、168.17 mg/L、123.35 mg/L和51.95 mg/L;在20℃条件下,其质量浓度分别在实验的第24天、第12天、第18天和第30天达到最大值,分别为221.45 mg/L、57.75 mg/L、85.76 mg/L和37.00 mg/L。在35℃条件下,在灰化薹草茎和叶残体降解过程中,水中总氮、硝态氮、氨氮、总磷和磷酸盐含量在实验的第18天、第12天、第18天、第30天、第30天达到最大值,分别为147.02 mg/L、65.35 mg/L、46.69 mg/L、46.40 mg/L和21.00 mg/L;在20℃条件下,水中总氮、硝态氮和氨氮含量在实验的第24天达到最大值,分别为127.21 mg/L、72.37 mg/L和46.86 mg/L;水中总磷含量在实验的第30天达到最大值,为55.20 mg/L;水中磷酸盐含量在实验的第18天达到最大值,为19.32 mg/L。在35℃条件下,虉草茎和叶残体降解过程中,水中总氮、硝态氮、氨氮、总磷和磷酸盐质量浓度分别在实验的第18天、第12天、第18天、第30天和第18天达到最大值,分别为281.56 mg/L、105.55 mg/L、97.96 mg/L、89.30 mg/L和63.69 mg/L;在20℃条件下,其分别在实验的第30天、第30天、第18天、第12天和第18天达到最大值,分别287.95 mg/L、99.10 mg/L、108.41 mg/L、77.95 mg/L和49.38 mg/L。温度对芦苇茎和叶残体释放营养盐含量尤其是总氮和氨氮含量影响显著,但是,温度对虉草和灰化薹草茎和叶残体向水中释放的营养盐含量影响不明显。     

分光光度法同时测定岩盐中微量Fe2+和Fe3+的研究

研究了在酸性条件下,邻-菲啉分光光度法测定岩盐中微量Fe2+、Fe3+。实验结果表明,铁的质量浓度在0~5μg/mL范围内测得吸光度值与质量浓度之间的关系遵守朗伯—比耳定律,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.1×104L.moL-1.cm-1。Fe2+、Fe3+平均回收率分别为102.47%、100.93%,相对标准偏差分别为2.82%、2.68%(RSD,N=6)。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、稳定性好、选择性好,用于岩盐中微量Fe2+、Fe3+的测定,结果令人满意。     

长白山孤山屯泥炭沼泽活性有机碳研究

土壤活性有机碳既是土壤微生物的活动能源,又是土壤养分循环的主要驱动力。2013年5~10月中旬,在吉林省辉南县孤山屯泥炭沼泽中,对瘤囊薹草(Carex schmidtii)—小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)群落、薹草(Carex spp.)群落和薹草—柳叶绣线菊(Spiraea salicifolia)群落泥炭沼泽0~40 cm深度土壤微生物量碳和水中可溶性有机碳含量分布及其影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明,各植物群落泥炭沼泽0~20 cm深度土层中的微生物量碳质量浓度在92.40~478.96 g/m~3范围内变化,瘤囊薹草—小叶章群落泥炭沼泽土壤中的微生物量碳含量最低;20~40 cm深度土层中的微生物量碳质量浓度在48.45~348.88 g/m~3范围内变化,在20~40 cm深度土层,各采样日都是薹草—柳叶绣线菊群落泥炭沼泽土壤的微生物量碳质量浓度相对最大,其它依次为薹草群落、瘤囊薹草—小叶章群落;各植物群落泥炭沼泽0~20 cm和20~40 cm深度水中的可溶性有机碳质量浓度的变化范围分别为28.99~53.69 mg/L和22.20~66.71 mg/L;6个采样日,薹草群落和薹草—柳叶绣线菊群落泥炭沼泽0~20 cm深度土层微生物量碳含量明显大于20~40 cm深度土层,而薹草群落泥炭沼泽20~40 cm深度水中的可溶性有机碳含量都高于上层;微生物量碳含量的对数与可溶性碳含量的对数为负相关关系;土壤微生物量碳含量的主要影响因素是土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、氮磷比、硝态氮含量和水位,水中可溶性有机碳含量的主要影响因素是总氮含量、总磷含量和0 cm土壤温度。     

2015年4月末银川市鸣翠湖沉积物和水体污染特征

于2015年4月30日,在鸣翠湖选择5个有代表性的采样点,采集其表层沉积物、间隙水和上覆水样品,测定其总磷、总氮、铵态氮和有机质的含量,分析其污染特征。研究结果表明,鸣翠湖沉积物中全磷、全氮和铵态氮的质量比最高,分别为660 mg/kg、1 595.55 mg/kg和59.77 mg/kg;其次为间隙水中的总磷、总氮和氨氮的含量,其质量浓度分别为0.15 mg/L、3.83 mg/L和2.23 mg/L;上覆水中的总磷、总氮和氨氮的含量最低,分别为0.07 mg/L、2.17 mg/L和0.24 mg/L。鸣翠湖沉积物有机污染较严重,沉积物营养盐含量处于较高水平。鸣翠湖水体已呈富营养化状态,在控制外源污染物进入鸣翠湖的同时,要注意沉积物中营养盐向水体的释放。     

达里诺尔湿地水环境和鱼类多样性调查Ⅲ.达里湖水体中的氮和磷含量及分布

达里湖是达里诺尔湿地的重要组成部分。2019年,对达里湖开展了野外调查并采集了水样,测定了水样的氮、磷含量和非离子氨含量与水体pH的关系,并将研究结果与以往的达里湖相对应的调查资料进行比较,探讨了达里湖水体中氮、磷含量特征的形成及其对达里湖鱼类物种多样性的影响。研究结果表明,2019年7月,达里湖水体中的COD_Cr和COD_Mn质量浓度分别为125.10 mg/L和19.18 mg/L,1975~2019年明水期COD_Mn含量平均每年增加0.67%;水体中的总氮和总磷质量浓度分别为1.964 mg/L和1.870 mg/L,1994~2019年明水期其平均每年分别减少4.51%和增加1.90%;水体中的氨氮和总有效氮质量浓度分别为0.168 mg/L和0.490 mg/L,1975~2019年明水期其平均每年分别增加2.25%和4.59%;水体中的硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.166 mg/L,2004~2019年明水期其平均每年增加24.78%;水体中的活性磷酸盐质量浓度和总有效氮含量与活性磷酸盐含量的比值分别为5.729 mg/L和0.086,1975~2019年明水期其平均每年分别增加1.23%和减少0.82%;水体中的非离子氨含量占总氨含量的比例为19.23%;水体中的非离子氨质量浓度为0.031 mg/L,1975~2019年明水期其平均每年减少0.28%。1975年以来,达里湖水体中的活性磷酸盐含量持续高于总有效氮含量,水体中的氮、磷组成极不平衡;水体中的化学需氧量、总磷、总氮和非离子氨含量持续超标,达里湖水体处于中度或重度富营养化状态,其对湖中原有鱼类的多样性尚无负面影响,但是对未来鱼类多样性健康发展构成了潜在威胁。     

洪泽湖不同湖区表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征

研究了洪泽湖9 个湖区表层沉积物对磷的吸附行为和沉积物对磷的吸附/解吸平衡质量浓度, 并分析了沉积物理化性质与磷吸附特征参数的关系。结果表明, 在低磷浓度条件下(0~1 mg/L), 沉积物对磷的最大吸附量为50.67~85.17 mg/kg, 沉积物在磷酸盐初始质量浓度较低时都存在负吸附(释放)现象。各湖区沉积物的吸附/解吸平衡磷浓度(EPC0) 范围为0.06~0.11mg/L, 均小于其上覆水中磷的含量, 沉积物对其上覆水中的磷表现为吸附作用。沉积物最大磷吸附量(Q_max)、本底吸附态磷量(NAP) 和总最大吸附磷量(TQ_max) 与沉积物中活性铁和活性铝的含量显著正相关, 与沉积物中总磷、无机磷、有机磷和有机质的含量相关性不显著。吸附/解吸平衡浓度(EPC₀) 与沉积物各理化参数之间没有表现出显著相关性。     

NaCl型油田水中Ⅰ-的离子选择电极法测定

采用了NaCl溶液为离子强度调节剂(TISAB),离子选择电极法测定NaCl型油田水中Ⅰ-离子的含量,并对该方法进行了测定条件实验的研究.标准曲线在 7.94×10-6～ 1.00 mol/L范围内呈良好的线形关系,相关系数R2=0.999 5,平均回收率为98.9%,RSD(n=6)=1.0%,实验结果表明,该方法测定NaCl型油田水中的Ⅰ-简便、快速、准确.     

岗更湖水体的水化学特征和鱼类多样性北大核心CSCD

岗更湖是达里诺尔湿地的重要组成部分。利用2019年7月的岗更湖水体的水化学和鱼类多样性调查数据,研究了岗更湖水体的水化学特征和鱼类多样性现状。研究结果表明,2019年7月,岗更湖水体的含盐量、碱度和硬度的平均值分别为0.38 g/L、4.22 mmol/L和2.96 mmol/L,Na^(+)浓度与K^(+)浓度的比值、1/2Ca^(2+)浓度与1/2Mg^(2+)浓度的比值、(Na^(+)+K^(+))浓度与(1/2Mg^(2+)+1/2Ca^(2+))浓度的比值和碱度与硬度的比值的平均值分别为9.12、1.60、0.63和1.42;COD_(Cr)和COD_(Mn)质量浓度的平均值分别为67.19 mg/L和17.29 mg/L,总氮和总磷质量浓度的平均值分别为2.057 mg/L和0.132 mg/L,氨氮和正磷酸盐质量浓度的平均值分别为0.257 mg/L和0.052 mg/L,硝态氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度的平均值分别为0.028 mg/L和8.4×10^(-3)mg/L,氮磷比的平均值为5.726;氟化物、氰化物、硫化物、砷元素和挥发性酚质量浓度的平均值分别为1.657 mg/L、2.600μg/L、1.130μg/L、11.140μg/L和1.790μg/L,铬、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅和汞元素质量浓度的平均值分别为0.090μg/L、0.467μg/L、0.435μg/L、3.884μg/L、18.900×10^(-3)μg/L、3.430μg/L和1.380×10^(-2)μg/L;岗更湖有3目5科16属16种鱼类,由6个区系生态类群构成,其与达里湖的鱼类多样性关系密切;岗更湖的湖水为碳酸盐类钠组Ⅰ型水,水体中度污染且中度富营养化,但是岗更湖的水质对鱼类多样性尚无负面影响。     

海马齿对锌的耐性与富集特征

为了了解盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)对Zn的耐性和富集特征,采用1/2 Hoagland营养液水培实验,进行不同质量浓度Zn处理(0 mg/L、10 mg/L、20 mg/L、30 mg/L、50 mg/L、90 mg/L和300 mg/L)30 d后,测定海马齿的株高、叶面积和生物量;并测定其根、茎和叶的Fe、Mg、Cu和Zn含量;计算耐性指数、富集系数、转运系数和移除率。结果表明,Zn质量浓度为0~50 mg/L时,海马齿能正常生长;当Zn质量浓度大于50 mg/L时,海马齿生长受到抑制;当Zn质量浓度大于90 mg/L时,海马齿出现死亡,完全致死的Zn质量浓度为300 mg/L。Zn处理显著抑制了根部对Fe的吸收,促进了叶对Mg的吸收。海马齿Zn含量最高的部位为根。海马齿的Zn富集系数远大于1,转运系数小于1。海马齿对Zn的移除作用主要体现在生物量大且富集能力强的地上部分。海马齿适用于修复Zn质量浓度小于90 mg/L水域的污染。     

鲤鱼湖的水化学特征和鱼类多样性北大核心CSCD

根据2019年对鲤鱼湖的调查结果,研究了鲤鱼湖的水化学特征和鱼类多样性。研究结果表明,2019年7月,鲤鱼湖水体的含盐量、碱度和硬度的平均值分别为0.29 g/L、3.02 mmol/L和2.01 mmol/L,Na^(+)浓度与K^(+)浓度比值、1/2Ca^(2+)浓度与1/2Mg^(2+)浓度比值、(Na^(+)+K^(+))浓度与(1/2Mg^(2+)+1/2Ca^(2+))浓度比值、碱度与硬度比值的平均值分别为6.55、0.36、0.77和1.50;COD_(Cr)和COD_(Mn)质量浓度的平均值分别为45.58 mg/L和8.50 mg/L,总氮和总磷质量浓度的平均值分别为0.823 mg/L和0.105 mg/L,氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和活性磷酸盐质量浓度的平均值分别为0.126 mg/L、0.024 mg/L、5.2×10^(-3) mg/L和0.033 mg/L,氮磷比的平均值为12.66;氟化物、氰化物、硫化物和挥发性酚质量浓度的平均值分别为0.607 mg/L、0.97μg/L、0.88μg/L和1.62μg/L,铬、镍、砷、铅、铜、镉、锌和汞元素质量浓度的平均值分别为0.045μg/L、0.243μg/L、4.92μg/L、0.598μg/L、0.265μg/L、0.038μg/L、0.626μg/L和1.455×10^(-2)μg/L;鲤鱼湖中有3目5科17属17种鱼类,由6个区系生态类群构成,其与达里湖和岗更湖中的鱼类关系密切;鲤鱼湖的湖水为碳酸盐类钠组Ⅰ型水,鲤鱼湖为淡水湖泊,水体中度污染且重度富营养化,COD_(Mn)、挥发性酚和氨氮为水体的主要污染指标,COD_(Mn)还是水体富营养化的指标;鲤鱼湖的水质对鱼类多样性尚无明显负面影响。     

Microstructure of NiSO4 Solution:A Combined DFT and EXAFS Study

The microhydration structure of nickel sulfate aqueous solution has been determined via density functional theory( DFT) calculation and extended X-ray absorption fine structure( EXAFS) spectroscopy. The geometric optimization and energy calculation of nickel sulfate hydrated clusters of the molecular formula [NiSO_4( H_2 O)_n]~0( n = 1-12) were determined via DFT using the B3 LYP method. Several possible initial structures were considered for clusters of each size to locate the equilibrium geometry.Based on the DFT calculation,the favorable structure of Ni~(2+)includes the six-coordinated form of [NiSO_4( H_2 O)_n]~0 clusters. The results of hydration energy calculation suggest that the six-coordinated contact ion pair( CIP) is the stable configuration for small hydration clusters( n≤5),while the solventshared ion pair( SSIP) represents the favorable structure for medium hydration clusters( 6≤n≤10).The solvent is separated by x water molecules( xSIP,x ≥2 is the number of water molecule between Ni~(2+)and SO_4~(2-)) in larger hydration clusters( n≥11). The EXAFS analysis of the NiSO_4 aqueous solutions and NiSO_4·6 H_2 O solid established that Ni~(2+)was surrounded by six water molecules tightly forming an octahedral structure in the first hydration shell,and no CIP was found from 0. 70 mol/L to 2. 22 mol/L( near saturation). The Ni-O distance and coordinated number were 2. 040 ± 0. 020 ? and 6. 0 ± 1. 0,respectively. These results are consistent with the DFT calculations for [NiSO_4( H_2 O)_n]~0 clusters. DFT and EXAFS are powerful techniques that can be used to enhance the resolution of NiSO_4 solution microstructure.     

1988／1989年夏季南极长城海湾生态环境观测

自１９８８年１１月至１９８９年３月，对南极长城湾（６２°１３′Ｓ，５８°５７′Ｗ）中５个站位的水温、ｐＨ值、海水透明度、水下照度、水中和海冰中叶绿素含量、磷酸盐含量、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐含量等理化要素，每月进行１至２次不定期的常规测定。在整个调查期间，海水温度变化范围在－１．６～２．２°Ｃ之间，ｐＨ值变化范围在８．０～９．１之间，海水中叶绿素ａ的变化范围在０．３０～１．４８ｍｇ／ｍ３之间，叶绿素ａ的最大值出现在１１月２６日５号站的表层水中，海冰中叶绿素ａ的含量远远高于海水中的含量，海冰中叶绿素ａ的变化范围在２．５５～５６．８４ｍｇ／ｍ３之间。磷酸盐含量变化范围在１．０２３～２．１８７μｇＰ／Ｌ，亚硝酸盐含量变化范围在０．０９３～０．１８６μｇＮ／Ｌ之间，硝酸盐含量变化范围在１３．３０８～２６．５８４μｇＮ／Ｌ之间。本文对以上结果作了初步探讨     

新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及其地质成因

为研究新疆天然水化学特征区域分异及成因,采集、分析和田地区51组天然水样,收集已发表的新疆其它地区天然水化学数据103组。数据说明：南疆天然水总溶解性固体（TDS)（1 589.4 mg/L）是北疆天然水（513.5 mg/L）的3.1倍;83.33%和89.59%的北疆天然水TDS和TH符合中国饮用水卫生标准,南疆天然水TDS和TH达标率分别为62.26%和70.75%。北疆天然水水化学类型主要为Ca-HCO₃和Ca·Mg-HCO₃·SO₄,南疆天然水水化学类型主要为Na·Ca-Cl·SO₄和Na·Mg-Cl·SO₄。南北疆天然水化学特征区域差异与南北疆地质构造分区重合。地质构造演化的不同,为南北疆天然水提供不同物源;水文气象差异加剧了其天然水化学组分差异。     

WATER QUALITY STUDIES IN MALAYSIAN DISUSED MAN MADE LAKES FOR SUITABILITY OF AN AQUACULTURE PROJECT

1INTRODUCTIONWater is an essential component of an eco-sys-tem.It sustains life on the earth.A community de-pends on water for its domestic,agricultural and in-dustrials needs.According to Ackefors,et al.(1994),the term water quality'in the context ofaqua…     

温州三垟湿地底泥氮、磷含量及其对水质的影响

为探讨温州三垟湿地底泥中氮、磷营养盐含量及其对水质的影响,测定了三垟湿地水体、底泥中的氮、磷含量。结果表明,三垟湿地底泥中富含氮、磷等营养盐,当氧化还原环境发生变化时,底泥可成为水体的主要污染源;底泥中的全氮、全磷若有1％释放,则会使水体中的总氮增加0．63—3．10mg／L,总磷增加0．94—4．70mg／L;若一次释放,则会使水体中的总氮增加62．50～310．00mg／L,总磷增加94．13～470．00mg/L;因此在当前情况下,即便切断外源污染,三垟湿地水体仍将长期处于富营养化状态。     

土壤CO2、土壤水的动态特征及其 对岩溶作用的驱动

为了研究不同土壤CO2浓度和不同土壤水化学条件下的岩溶作用发生程度,文章对广西桂林地区的土壤CO2浓度、土壤水和石灰岩试片溶蚀速率进行了监测,结果表明：1）该地区土壤CO2浓度具有明显的季节性变化特征,总体上夏季是其他季节的3~5倍,最大值时达到60 899.64 mg/m2,而最小值时仅为5 587.21 mg/m2;2）就相同深度的土壤CO2浓度来说,洼地大于坡地,夏季时洼地比坡地高近20 000 mg/m2,且深层土CO2浓度大于表层土,其平均值比表层土高4 353.54 mg/m2;3）坡地和洼地土壤水水化学指标平均值分别是：pH为7.49和6.41、电导率为300和78 μS/cm、Ca2+为60和15.43 mg/L、 为2.78和0.44 mg/L,坡地处的pH、电导率、Ca2+和 均高于洼地;4）从溶蚀试验说明该地区的岩溶作用发生程度非常明显,说明土壤CO2和土壤水能驱动岩溶作用的发生。     

The Organic Component of Particulate Matter in Small Streams of the Northern Yenisei Region During the Summer-Autumn Period

A quantitative assessment is made of suspended sediment load, including particulate organic matter and organic carbon, in 2014 for the small streams of the Northern Yenisei region, in the taiga–tundra transition zone (near the city of Igarka, Krasnoyarsk krai). It was found that the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of the streams under investigation fluctuated between 2 and 18 mg/L during the summer–autumn low-water period of 2014. The proportion of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the total sediment yield varied from 16.4% to 74.1%, depending on landscape-geomorphological conditions for suspended sediment formation: it is higher for streams with tundra catchments and lower on forest watersheds underlain by sandy and clayey loams. The DOM content varies from catchment to catchment from 1.63 to 2.42 mg/L, and the mean concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is estimated at 0.73 to 1.09 mg C/L. It is shown that the local channel transformations serve as the main source of POM and DOC input to the water of two out of three streams under study. Surface runoff or fast subsurface flow in the organic soil horizon is the external source of DOM input to the water of the third stream during flooding. Regional empirical dependencies were obtained, which correlate the water discharge, total SSC and the proportion of DOM are obtained. The long-term proportion of DOM in the annual suspended sediment flow of the Graviika river makes up 25% and DOC, 11%, or, in absolute values, 406 and 183 t/year, and in units of layer 1.26 and 0.57 t/km², respectively.     

Simulation on phosphorus release characteristics of Poyang Lake sediments under variable water levels and velocities

Since the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the Poyang Lake hydrological characteristics obviously changed. During the impoundment period of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the hydrodynamic factors of Poyang Lake varied. Water level dropped, the velocity decreased and water exchange time lengthened, which changed the release of phosphorous from sediments. In order to investigate how the hydrodynamic factors influence the release of phosphorous from sediments, we used a two-way annular flume device to simulate the release characteristics of phosphorous from sediments under variable water levels and velocities. We found that both water level rising and velocity increasing could enhance the disturbance intensity to sediments, which caused the increase of suspended solids (SS) concentration, total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the overlying water, and the ability that phosphorus released to overlying water from sediments enhanced as well: when overlying water velocity maintained 0.3 m/s, SS concentration increased to 4035.85 mg/L at the water level 25 cm which was about 25 times compared to the minimum value and TP concentration in the overlying water also reached the maximum value at the water level 25 cm which was 1.2 times that of the value at 10 cm; when water level maintained 15 cm, SS concentration increased to 4363.35 mg/L at the velocity of 0.5 m/s which was about 28 times compared to the value of 0 m/s, and TP concentration in the overlying water increased from 0.11 mg/L to 0.44 mg/L. When the water level maintained 15 cm, the phosphorous release rate reached the maximum value of 4.86 mg/(md) at 0.4 m/s. The concentration of total dissolved phosphorous (TDP) and soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) both in overlying water and sediment-water interface were negatively correlated with pH. Using the parabolic equation, the optimum water level at a velocity of 0.3 m/s was calculated to be 0.57 cm, and the optimum velocity at water level of 15 cm was found to be 0.2 m/s.     

滇池外海水体叶绿素a与水质因子关系研究

使用近5年滇池外海的水体理化指标监测数据,分析了滇池外海水体叶绿素a的时空分布特征,并使用多元逐步回归分析叶绿素a与水质因子的关系。研究结果表明,滇池外海水体叶绿素a浓度为0．003～0．475mg／L,长年平均浓度为0．063mg／L,每年2月最低,8月最高,夏季最高,冬季最低。近5年各测点年平均值2004年平均浓度最高,2005年最低。滇池外海叶绿素a的空间分布呈现出北高南低,中部呈现西高东低的态势。各水质因子在不同的位置对叶绿素a浓度的影响显著程度不一样,但叶绿素a浓度总体与透明度呈现负相关,与pH值呈显著的正相关,与水温呈现正相关。通过多元逐步回归分析,滇池外海水体叶绿素浓度回归方程在不同位置有1～4个因子入选,外海叶绿素a平均浓度的回归方程为：Chla=-0．336＋0．002·WT＋0．028·TN＋0．034·pH。     

模拟研究变化水位和流速条件下鄱阳湖磷释放特征（英文）

Since the construction of the Three Gorges Dam,the Poyang Lake hydrological characteristics obviously changed.During the impoundment period of the Three Gorges Reservoir,the hydrodynamic factors of Poyang Lake varied.Water level dropped,the velocity decreased and water exchange time lengthened,which changed the release of phosphorous from sediments.In order to investigate how the hydrodynamic factors influence the release of phosphorous from sediments,we used a two-way annular flume device to simulate the release characteristics of phosphorous from sediments under variable water levels and velocities.We found that both water level rising and velocity increasing could enhance the disturbance intensity to sediments,which caused the increase of suspended solids(SS)concentration,total phosphorus(TP)concentration in the overlying water,and the ability that phosphorus released to overlying water from sediments enhanced as well:when overlying water velocity maintained 0.3 m/s,SS concentration increased to 4035.85 mg/L at the water level25 cm which was about 25 times compared to the minimum value and TP concentration in the overlying water also reached the maximum value at the water level 25 cm which was 1.2times that of the value at 10 cm;when water level maintained 15 cm,SS concentration increased to 4363.35 mg/L at the velocity of 0.5 m/s which was about 28 times compared to the value of 0 m/s,and TP concentration in the overlying water increased from 0.11 mg/L to 0.44mg/L.When the water level maintained 15 cm,the phosphorous release rate reached the maximum value of 4.86 mg/(md)at 0.4 m/s.The concentration of total dissolved phosphorous(TDP)and soluble reactive phosphate(SRP)both in overlying water and sediment-water interface were negatively correlated with p H.Using the parabolic equation,the optimum water level at a velocity of 0.3 m/s was calculated to be 0.57 cm,and the optimum velocity at water level of 15 cm was found to be 0.2 m/s.