山西霍山植物群落主要层LAI垂直分布规律

在山西霍山七里峪林场，采用间接的光学测量方法对沿着海拔分布的植物群落主要层叶面积指数（LAI）进行了测量，从不同的角度对LAI的垂直分布规律进行分析。结果表明：1．海拔不同，LAI表现出很大的差异，海拔1750m左右的LAI值大于较高与较低海拔的；对LAI和海拔之间的关系进行回归，得到LAI分布的拟合方程：y=b0＋b1x＋b2x^2＋b3x^3（R=0．712，P〈0．01）。2．同一海拔样带，阴坡LAI均大于阳坡，但对同种种群来说，阴坡树种平均胸径并不一定均大于阳坡。3．植被类型LAI比较表现为：低山针叶林〈低山灌丛〈落叶阔叶林〈落叶针叶林〈常绿针叶林；而主要群系LAI比较表现为：油松林（0．38）〈落叶松林（0．78）〈山杨林及其混交林（1．09）〈白桦林（2．00）〈辽东栎林及其混交林（3．73）。4．典型群落LAI值变化分析和人工林与天然林以，比较表明，LAI值在一定海拔达到最大值，这对于山西霍山人工林栽培和丰产林培育等具有重要意义。     

福建长汀冬季植物树干CO2释放速率日变化特征

采用红外气体分析法（IRGA）原位测定了长汀重建生态系统2个先锋树种马尾松（Pinusmassoniana）和木荷（Schima superba）冬季树干CO2释放速率（stem CO2 efflux rates,FCO2）,同时测定了气温、空气相对湿度、树干温度及树干液流密度．结果表明：2个树种冬季南面FCO2日变化呈单峰型模式,峰值分别出现在18：00和20：00;北面FCO2日变化呈S型,最高值出现在18：00到2：00之间;但它们的最低值均出现在8：00前后．冬季马尾松FCO2在0．71～1．56μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间,木荷在1．57～2．98μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间,极显著高于马尾松（P〈0．01）．树干温度和树干液流密度是影响长汀重建生态系统冬季马尾松和木荷冬季FCO2的重要因素,FCO2与树干温度显著相关（P〈0．05）,树干南、北面的Q10马尾松分别为1．86和1．57,木荷为1．77和1．82．白天树干液流出现峰值时,马尾松和木荷树干呼吸产生的CO2分别有19．72％-29．12％和20．68％～29．83％溶解于木质部液流中,并被向上运输．因此,通过FCO2估计树干呼吸速率（stem respiration rates,R5）的方法可能低估了长汀重建生态系统冬季马尾松和木荷白天的尺。     

米槠天然林土壤真菌对N2O产生的贡献

研究表明亚热带地区森林土壤硝化和反硝化能力都非常低,但却是全球N2O最大的自然源之一,因而推测极有可能存在N2O潜在源未被认识,有迹象表明真菌最有可能是这一潜在源的贡献者,但实际研究证据并不多．为此本研究以中亚热带地区典型常绿阔叶林——武夷山自然保护区米槠天然林土壤为对象,利用室内基质诱导呼吸选择抑制方法,研究在水分60％WHC和温度25℃条件下土壤真菌细菌活性比及其对N2O产生的相对贡献．结果显示真菌和细菌的活性比例分别是0．7±0．3和0．3±0．1,前者显著大于后者（P〈0．05）,真菌与细菌的活性比为2．00±1．00;与对照相比,添加放线菌酮（真菌抑制剂）处理N2O产生速率减少了50．8±11．3％,添加链霉素（细菌抑制剂）处理则减少了43．7±11．8％,前者减少是后者的1．15倍,但差异不显著．研究结果表明该米槠天然林土壤在给定实验条件下真菌活性比细菌的大,但二者对土壤N2O产生的贡献几乎相等．基质诱导呼吸选择抑制方法具有较多的限制条件,若得出可靠结论,还应该利用包括生物化学、分子生物学方法在内的多种方法进行相互验证．同时今后应加强真菌产生N2O途径及机理研究．     

亚热带人工湿地松林土壤溶解性有机碳动态变化及控制因素

土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）是土壤有机碳库的活性组分,联接陆地和水生生态系统。DOC的降解影响碳循环、营养动力学机制和微生物的能源供给,因此改变生物地球化学过程。本研究对千烟洲森林试验站（QFES）土壤溶解性有机碳浓度垂直剖面和季节的变化及其控制因子,包括土壤性质和环境因素进行分析。2007年11月至2009年3月每两个月、2009年4月至2010年103每月,分别在土壤10、20、30cm深度和10、30、50cm深度,采用机械式真空取样装置共收集了土壤溶液样品。用总碳分析仪（TOC）测定DOC浓度,DOC浓度平均值范围为3．0-26．2mgL^-1。在土壤剖面10、20、30、50cm深度DOC浓度平均值（±标准差）分别为12．4±4．4、10．6±6．3、8．7±2．6及8．0±5．9mgL^-1。DOC季节平均浓度和春李DOC浓度平均值具有明显的随深度增加而降低的特征。而在夏季、秋季和冬季,DOC浓度在土壤剖面上的变化不具有明显的特征。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季DOC浓度平均值分别为10．2、10．5、10．8和8．3mg^L1,不同深度DOC浓度的季节变化没有一致的特征。分析表明,凋落物有机碳含量与DOC浓度之间无明显相关关系,SOC与DOC含量具有相同的土壤剖面变化特征,SOC与DOC之间具线性正相关关系（R^2=0．19,p〈0．01）,表明SOC是DOC的主要来源之一。在湿地松、马尾松和杉木林,土壤溶液10cm深度和5cm土壤温度间具有指数正相关关系（R^2=0．12,p〈0．01）。在湿地松土壤剖面,DOC浓度与土壤湿度具负线性相关关系（R^=0．15,p〈0．001）,在湿地松、马尾松和杉木林,土壤溶液10cm深度DOC浓度和5cm土壤湿度之间具有负指数相关关系（R^2=0．13,p〈0．001）。取样月降雨量与DOC季节平均浓度不相关。然而,对取样前不同时间降雨量与DOC季节平均浓度的分析表明,取样前降雨事件的时间对不同深度的DOC季节平均浓度有不同的影响。通过分析揭示了SOC和环境变量土壤温度、土壤湿度和降雨是DOC的控制因子。本研究以人工湿地松林碳循环中DOC动力机制为重点,为评价亚热带红壤区生态恢复的效果提供依据。     

西双版纳热带季节雨林的C贮量及其分配格局

利用已有生物量模型（乔木层、木质藤本）和收获法（灌木层、草本层）获得群落生物量，结合土壤、植物样品C含量的实测值。对西双版纳热带季节雨林1hm^2样地的C贮量及其分配格局进行了分析。结果表明：（1）西双版纳热带季节雨林生态系统的总C贮量为220．492t／hm^2，其中植物活体部分为128．099t／hm^2、土壤为81．85t／hm^2、粗死木质残体为5．708t／hm^2、凋落物为4．835t／hm^2。（2）群落植物活体C贮量的层次分配以乔木层占绝对优势（97．23％），其他层次所占的比例很小，层次分配的大小顺序为：乔木层〉灌木层〉木质藤本〉草本层。（3）乔木层的C贮量随径级而变化，并在30cm〈DBH≤40cm、70cm〈DBH≤80cm及DBH〉100cm范围内形成三个C贮量高峰。（4）乔木的总C贮量集中分布于少数优势树种中。其中绒毛番龙眼（Pometia tomentosa）的C贮量占乔木层的24．70％。西双版纳热带季节雨林的植被C贮量远高于全国平均水平。     

中国全新世气温变化特征

以中国全新世气温集成序列为资料,分析中国全新世气温变化特征,研究发现：全新世气温变化可以分为早全新世（11．5～8．8kaBP）波动升温期、中全新世（8．8～4．2kaBP）大暖期和晚全新世（4．2kaBP以来）转冷期3个阶段。8．0～6．2kaBP是暖期盛期,气温较现代高1℃多。全新世期间发生多次冷暖事件,有11．0kaBP、9．8kaBP、9．2kaBP、8．9kaBP、8．2kaBP、6．2kaBP、4．0kaBP、2．8kaBP、1．5kaBP和0．4kaBP等10次冷事件,有8次可以北大西洋相互对应;其中4．0kaBP和0．4kaBP是全新世最显著的冷事件;暖事件主要发生在8．6kaBP、4．7kaBP和3．5kaBP前后。全新世冷暖事件变化分别具有显著的1000a、700a的周期。     

大气CO2浓度升高对土壤中不同粒级碳的影响

不同粒级土壤中的碳有着不同的周转规律，在高CO2浓度条件下，它们含量的变化将在一定程度上反映土壤碳是累积还是减少，对明确土壤碳的变化趋势有重要意义．采用田间培养试验初步模拟研究在高CO2浓度条件下土壤不同粒级碳的分布．结果表明，加入秸秆培养1年，由于CO2浓度升高的原因导致在低氮（LN）、常规氮（NN）和高氮（HN）水平下土壤中碳分别增加0．01、1．10、1．22g／kg，表现为粒级〈53μm土壤颗粒中碳分别增加1．53、2．19、2．70g／kg．粒级〈53μmm土壤颗粒碳量的增加，主要是由于其重量分配百分数显著增加36．2％，碳浓度增加5．4％；粒级〉250μm和250～53μm土壤颗粒部分虽然其碳浓度分别增加20．8％和17．3％（P〈0．05），怛由于重量分配百分数分别显著降低22．8％和36．1％，结果碳量降低．试验表明高CO2浓度导致不同粒级土壤的分配及碳浓度的变化；高氮施肥水平下有增加土壤碳量特别是小粒级土壤碳量的趋势．     

台中部彰滨工业区3种土壤性质之比较

本研究在彰化滨海工业区木麻黄（Casuarina equisetifolia）林下有客土处、无客土处及邻近非造林地进行土壤取样分析,以评估滨海环境通过客土及植栽来改善土壤理化性质的成效．将土壤分成0～10cm、11—20cm、21～30cm、31～40cm分层取样,结果表明：3种土壤均以砂粒含量最高（80％以上）;pH值以有客土的林地最低（pH4．80～6．71）,显示植物作用明显降低土壤pH值;有机碳含量以林地有客土的土壤最高（0．41％～2．15％）,但仍属于极低（〈2％）的等级;土壤全氮方面,同样以林地有客土最高（0．011％-0．075％）,但不论林地、非造林地或有无客土之处,土壤全氮含量均低于0．1％;有效磷方面,林地含量明显高出非造林地,应与土壤有机质与pH值等的差异有关;阳离子交换量（CEC）方面,林地有客土的含量为2．06～3．92cmol（＋）·kg^-1,林地无客土的含量为1．96～3．14cmol（＋）·kg^-1,非造林地的含量为1．56～5．20cmol（＋）·k^-1,三者具显著差异但均属极低（〈5）的等级;pH值随土深而增加,有机碳含量、土壤全氮、有效磷以及交换性钙离子皆有随土深而下降的趋势;其余性质则无显著深度差异．综合而言,彰滨林地土壤性质受生物作用影响,在pH、有机碳、全氮、有效磷含量方面有显著改善,但离适合一般植物生长的土壤性质仍远．     

纳米TiO2分离富集ICP-MS法测定河口环境样品中重金属研究

建立了以纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）作为吸附剂填充微柱,电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测试Cu^2＋,Cd^2＋,Pb^2＋和Ni^2＋离子的分析方法．考察了不同pH值、洗脱液浓度、样品流速、体积和外源干扰离子的影响,实验结果表明在pH值8～10范围内待测离子可被TiO2定量吸附,2．0molL^-1HNO3可将吸附在微柱上的待测物完全洗脱,优化条件下本方法对溶液中Cu^2＋,Cd^2＋,Ph^2＋和M^2＋离子检出限分别为：0．02,0．01,0．01,0．02μgL～,相对标准偏差小于2％（n=7）,富集系数50倍．对水系沉积物标准物质（GBW07310）的测定值与标准值相一致,方法具有简便、快速,灵敏度高,重现性好的优点,可满足河口水体与沉积物样品中痕量金属元素定量分析的要求．     

日本地震对地球自转的影响

日本大地震使地球的自转加快了——来自美国宇航局（NASA）喷气推进实验室（JPL）的数据显示,这场9．0级大地震使地球自转轴偏移了2s厘米,同时使地球自转加快了1．8微秒     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.