多维粗差定位与定值的算法研究及实现

在概括控制网观测值粗差探测方法研究进展和讨论多雏粗差定位与定值理论的基础上，提出了多维粗差的搜索、判断和算法，并在控制网数据处理通用软件包中得到实现。通过算例分析，证明了算法的有效性；最后提出了粗差定位与定值时应注意的问题。     

一种基于小波变换的GPS基线求解算法

在分析ＧＰＳ相位观测粗差,周跳及随机噪声的小波变换特性基础上,提出了基于小波变换的ＧＰＳ相位粗差探测及小波滤波算法,并提出了基于波滤波的ＧＰＳ基线求解算法,该方法能缩小模糊度搜索空间,提高整数模糊度解的有效性。     

GPS网中已知点的可靠性检验

ＧＰＳ网中已知点的可靠性直接影响ＧＰＳ定位成果的精度。为了获得高质量的ＧＰＳ定位成果,对ＧＰＳ网中的已知点一定要进行必要的可靠性检验。以便发现并剔除含有粗差的已知点。本文提出了两种检验已知点可靠性的简单易行的方法,即回归分析法和约束平差法。     

GPS辅助光束法区域网平差—太原试验场GPS航摄飞行试验结果

本文简要介绍了ＧＰＳ辅助光束法区域网平差的基本原理和方法，详细讨论了太原航摄机动态试验场实际ＧＰＳ航摄飞行试验的结果。利用联合平差程序ＷｕＣＡＰＳ系统对试验区进行ＧＰＳ辅助光束法区域网平差，用分米级精度的ＧＰＳ摄站坐标获得了实地上平面为±７．９ｃｍ、高程为±１８．１ｃｍ的加密精度，充分显示了动态ＧＰＳ定位技术在航空遥感定位中的广阔应用前景。     

用间隔三差相位模型整体平差GPS网

本文提出用间隔三差相位模型处理ＧＰＳ观测数据，整体平差ＧＰＳ网。阐述了基本模型和数据处理方法。用以此模型和方法为基础编写的软件ＳＯＳＤＳ处理了１９９１年５月至１９９２年４月观测的分布在全国范围的５３个点的ＧＰＳ网数据。结果显示出，基线精度为２×１０－８；基线向量的单弧解算精度为４０ｃｍ（Ｎ）、９３ｃｍ（Ｅ）和１０６ｃｍ（Ｕ）；点位坐标的相对精度为３×１０〔－８〕。     

GPS快速静态定位作业方式的选择及应用

ＧＰＳ快速静态定位的研究主要侧重于理论方面（主要是基线解算），对于实际应用的问题还很少涉及，应用方面的问题不解决，将影响ＧＰＳ快速静态定位在测量中的发展，为此，本文对ＧＰＳ快速静态定位作业方式的选择，网的布设及实际应用方面进行了分析研究。     

东湖GPS试验网快速静态定位处理与分析结果

本文介绍了利用ＧＳＳ１型ＧＰＳ接收机和武汉测绘科技大学大地测量系研制的ＧＰＳ快速静态定位软件ＲＳＰ１．０建立东湖ＧＰＳ试验网的网形布设，快速静态定位处理结果及质量评估和网平差等内容，最后给出几点结论。     

辽宁阜新引水工程中的GPS三维控制网

在辽宁阜新引水工程中建立了ＧＰＳ三维控制网，从理论和实践的结合上对布网方案，数据处理、平差计算和成果精度作了分析；并重点研究了低丘山区应用ＧＰＳ进行水准测量的可能性。实践表明，在低丘山区运用ＧＰＳ水准测量，可以达到四等水准测量精度。最后对ＧＰＳ定位技术在水利、输油管线、输电线路、铁路高速公路等线性工程带状网测量中的应用提出几点看法。     

一种利用非差单点定位的卫星定位基线解算新方法

在测站较多的卫星定位大网解算时,一般采用非差单点定位的数据处理模式,利用测站单点定位结果得到基线,其网解的精度取决于单点定位的精度。为了快速、准确地得到高精度的网解定位结果,提出了一种卫星定位单点定位数据处理中测站间基线的解算方法。首先,形成测站非差定位的法方程,对选定基线的各非差法方程进行变换。然后,再将各基线对应测站的法方程进行组合,得到站间坐标差和模糊度的法方程。利用分步搜索的最小二乘降相关分解法进行整周模糊度固定,进而解算测站间的基线。通过实验数据验证,该方法可在非差单点定位数据处理中进行测站间基线的快速准确解算。     

国家高精度GPS网整体平差中的粗差分析

分析了国家高精度ＧＰＳ网中的粗差观测量的特点,提出了采用相关分析的粗差探测理论,对国家高精度ＧＰＳ网的各子网和相邻子网进行粗差探测,并采用稳健估计的平差方法,消除粗差对平差结果的影响,大大提高了国家高精度ＧＰＳ网的整体平差精度。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。