四川盆地北缘大巴山前陆构造中—新生代构造隆升史

大巴山前陆构造的抬升剥蚀与保存条件对其矿床和油气藏勘探潜力评价极为重要。应用磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学方法,通过研究大巴山前陆构造热演化史,恢复构造隆升过程,确定其中—新生代构造抬升剥蚀量,探讨大巴山前陆晚期构造隆升对矿床和油气资源的影响。结果表明:大巴山前陆构造在152Ma以前快速沉降,沉降速率平均高达150m·Ma-1,此后便长期处于隆升过程;136~152Ma时期为快速隆升阶段,隆升速率平均为56.3m·Ma-1,隆升量约为900m,是燕山运动导致秦岭造山期后的一次陆内挤压;70~136Ma时期为较缓慢隆升阶段,隆升速率平均为39.4m·Ma-1,隆升量约为2 600m,是秦岭造山晚期挤压的结果;0~70Ma时期的隆升速率为42.8m·Ma-1,持续时间较长,隆升幅度约3 000m,是喜马拉雅构造运动的结果。中生代构造隆升对本区低温热液矿体和油气保存极为不利;上新统以来(8Ma或5Ma),青藏高原快速隆升向东扩展的远程效应对大巴山前陆构造的影响不明显。     

大陆岩石圈的增厚及对流剥离对青藏高原隆升的影响

伴随着印度板块对欧亚板块南缘的碰撞、挤压,青藏高原地壳及下伏地幔岩石圈的厚度增加了１倍。增厚岩石圈热结构的变化可导致高原海拨下降约１５００ｍ。其对流剥离并被较热的软流圈物质替代可用以解释青藏高原自８百万年或３百万年前开始的快速隆升。大陆岩石圈的增厚及热结构变化和对流剥离可能是青藏高原自９百万年前开始的夷平—快速隆升过程的主导控制因素。     

基于锆石U-Pb年龄的黄土高原红黏土沉积序列物源示踪

黄土高原广泛沉积的新近纪红黏土序列对东亚古气候具有重要的指示意义。通过甘肃灵台红黏土剖面7.0、6.5、5.5、3.2Ma沉积物和山西保德红黏土剖面6.56、5.24、3.50 Ma沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的对比,表明黄土高原不同区域红黏土沉积物物源在空间上具有一致性,而在时间上具有差异性。通过与周缘潜在物源区碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄对比,可将黄土高原红黏土沉积物物源的差异划分为3个沉积阶段:第一阶段(5.7~7.0 Ma)物源主要为西昆仑山、帕米尔高原;第二阶段(3.4~5.7 Ma)物源主要来自塔克拉玛干沙漠;第三阶段(2.6~3.4 Ma)物源主要为阿拉善区域。红黏土沉积物物源的变化表明2.6~7.0 Ma处于西风逐渐减弱伴随东亚季风逐渐增强的过程,物源的两次变化对应于约5.7Ma墨西拿盐度危机和约3.4Ma青藏高原的隆升,说明青藏高原以及中国西部山脉的隆升和板块运动控制下的特提斯洋演化是影响黄土高原风成沉积的重要因素。     

浙江主要金银矿床的成矿时代和同位素地球化学

应用Rb-Sr等时线法测定了浙江3种不同类型的金、银矿床（璜山金矿、治岭头金银矿、毫石银矿）的成矿时代。璜山金矿床的年龄为358Ma～397Ma，治岭头金银矿床的年龄为127Ma～165Ma，毫石银矿床的年龄为104Ma。3个矿床的铅、锶同位素组成有显著差别，反映了3个矿床的不同来源和成因。璜山金矿床具有低初始锶比值和低μ值或低放射成因铅，主要来自上地幔源区；治岭头金银矿床具高初始锶比值和高μ值或高放射成因铅，以上地壳来源为主；毫石银矿床的铅、锶同位素比值介于上述两者之间，为壳幔混合来源。特征的铅同位素组成可以用作寻找不同类型矿床的标志。     

鲁西地区前寒武纪侵入岩

鲁西地区前寒武纪侵入岩占基底变质岩出露面积的90％左右,由晚太古代泰山期TTG质花岗岩、变闪长岩类杂岩体和早元古代傲徕山期二长花岗岩及钾长花岗岩组成,均侵入泰山群。 TTG质花岗岩同位素年龄为2700—2600Ma,岩石具明显的片麻状构造,Na/K比值较高,(~(87)Sr/~(80)Sr)比值较低,稀土元素分布型式为右倾的轻稀土富集型,为硅铝质基底活化并有泰山群地层部分熔融而形成。变闪长岩类杂岩体同位素年龄值为2595—2483Ma,岩浆演化系列完整,为地幔岩浆分异形成。二长花岗岩及钾长花岗岩同位素年龄为2490—2284Ma,块状构造,Na/K比值较低,(~(87)Sr/~(80)Sr)比值较高,为泰山群、泰山期侵入岩经部分重熔作用形成。     

柴达木盆地(水6孔)气侯地层序列的海陆对比

上新世晚期以来,随着青藏高原的强烈隆升柴达木盆地急剧下沉,其第四系最大厚度达2800m,沉积连续,地层保存完好,地质事件记录完整。水6孔位于柴达木盆地中心,孔深910.10m。根据水6孔孢粉、古地磁和同位素年龄系统成果,区分出冷热交替的22个孢粉带,并估计了年代。水6孔的气候地层序列不仅在古气候的冷热变动上,而且在年代上都可与赤道太平洋 V28—238井的δ~(18)O 气侯记录阶段和中国洛川黄土—古土壤序列详细对比,说明距今0.8Ma 以来柴达木盆地的古气侯冷热变动具有全球意义。     

山西吕梁山地区中—新生代隆升剥露过程:磷灰石裂变径迹证据

运用磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学方法研究了华北克拉通吕梁山地区前寒武系杂岩体及其周边盆地的构造热演化过程,这对于进一步探讨和认识华北克拉通演化和破坏等科学问题有重要意义。结果表明:山西吕梁山地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分布于40~138 Ma,记录了吕梁山地区早白垩世以来的冷却事件;裂变径迹年龄与海拔高程呈正相关关系,线性相关系数为0.789;磷灰石颗粒的围限径迹长度范围为10.62~12.99μm,远小于其初始长度(16.3μm),表明样品经历了长期的退火过程。磷灰石裂变径迹时间-温度模拟结果表明吕梁山地区经历了两期快速隆升:第1期冷却事件对应晚侏罗世—早白垩世吕梁山山体发生的剧烈冷却抬升,该事件使得样品进入部分退火带,随后长期处于部分退火带;第2期则表现为渐新世以来吕梁山地区出现伸展造山运动,与山西地堑系形成盆山耦合,山体快速隆升剥蚀。此外,中新世末(约9 Ma)以来,青藏高原快速隆升向东扩展的远程效应对吕梁山地区构造的影响不明显。     

四川西部西康群新都桥组碳酸盐岩的锶同位素特征

四川西部松潘—甘孜地区广泛分布一套三叠系黑色砂板岩层系,由于其岩性单调、古生物化石贫乏,给该区地层划分、对比带来极大困难。因此,从锶同位素地层学基本原理出发,对甘孜北部西康群新都桥组中薄层状灰岩样品进行了锶同位素组成测定。结果表明,6件样品的N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)分别为0.708688、0.708659、0.708907、0.708223、0.708341、0.708266,平均为0.708514。表明该地层的碳酸盐岩样品可能遭受了不同程度的成岩蚀变,多数样品的锶同位素组成偏离同时代的全球海水锶同位素组成。     

稳定锶同位素在海洋地球化学循环中的研究进展

非传统稳定锶同位素（δ８８／８６Ｓｒ）的研究近年来已取得了较大的进展，其主要研究内容集中在讨论稳定锶同位素在海洋地球化学中的应用，主要包括以下几个方面:稳定锶同位素（δ８８／８６Ｓｒ）在自然界主要储库中的组成、显生宙海水δ８８／８６Ｓｒ的变化规律和海洋中锶同位素系统平衡的评估。海水中的锶同位素组成在显生宙发生过较大的变化，通过对海洋锶同位素体系对各输入和输出通量组成动态变化的响应评估表明，现代海洋锶同位素体系处于不平衡状态，这一现象被归因于冰期后的风化顶峰尚未结束。联立放射性锶同位素８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ和稳定同位素δ８８／８６Ｓｒ所建立的完整的锶同位素体系相较传统放射性锶同位素８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ能够对海洋锶地球化学循环的动态过程进行更好的评估，在海洋地球化学相关领域具有广阔的应用前景。      

晚泥盆世大陆风化作用增强及其海洋环境效应:来自华南碳酸盐岩锶同位素的制约

上泥盆统弗拉斯阶和法门阶界线附近发生了大规模的生物灭绝, 其起因被认为是植物登陆导致的陆地化学风化作用加强及其引起的海洋水体缺氧所致, 但其直接证据还比较缺乏。运用广西地区广泛发育的浅海碳酸盐岩中锶元素(Sr)和同位素(87Sr/86Sr)、铀钍比值(U/Th)记录, 探究了从中泥盆统到下石炭统的陆地化学风化速率及海水氧化还原条件的变化。研究结果表明, 在晚泥盆世(法门阶早期)陆地化学风化作用加强, 导致海水中Sr浓度升高, 及更富集重的Sr同位素组分; 低的U/Th比值也显示该时期水体缺氧严重, 海水中U元素被还原到沉积物中, 导致海水中的U浓度降低。陆地表面化学风化的加强对晚泥盆世海洋水体氧化还原条件的波动以及海洋生物的灭绝有重要影响。      

西秦岭大水金矿岩浆岩年代学、地球化学特征

西秦岭大水金矿床与其周围伴生的中酸性小岩体的成因关系,直接影响矿床成因的划分和深部资源的开发。中酸性岩浆岩的成因、源区性质及岩体规模对金矿成矿有重要影响。大水金矿岩浆岩地球化学研究结果显示:岩浆系列属于高钾钙碱性系列;岩体球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损、Eu正异常的特征;岩体洋中脊花岗岩标准化微量元素蛛网图显示其富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Hf、Zr、Sm、Y、Yb等,花岗岩的w(Sr)-w(Yb)分类属于高Sr、低Yb"C"型埃达克岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年获得大水金矿格尔括合岩体和竖井941岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(215.8±1.3)、(202.9±1.5)Ma;成矿热液蚀变叠加在脉岩之上,成矿年龄应晚于202.9 Ma的脉岩年龄。Sr-Nd同位素组成具有高初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)值、低εNd的特点,模式年龄为1.29~1.47Ga。εSr(t)-εNd(t)图解表明岩浆源区为下地壳;εNd(t)-初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)图解暗示西秦岭存在统一的岩浆源区。因此,西秦岭大水金矿在成因上与高Sr、低Yb"C"型埃达克岩密切相关。     

Elemental and Isotopic Signatures in the Sediments Influenced by Seal Excrement on Antarctic Fildes Peninsula and Their Po- tential Paleoecological Applications

The elemental and isotopic signatures in the sediments influenced by seal excrement on Antarctic Fildes Peninsula are examined for their potential palaeoecologlcal applications. The seal hair abundance in sediments exhibits remarkable fluctuation versus depth, indicating similar changes in historical populations of the seals visiting the marine terrace. The combination of δ^13 C, total organic carbon concentration （TOC）, total nitrogen concentration （TN） and atomic C/N ratio shows that the organic matters in sediments with numerous seal hairs have a marine origin and are predominantly derived from seal excrements. The large δ15 N values in sediments are attributed to trophic enrichment and NH3 vollatilization processes. The large variations in the δ^15 N values and the negative correlation between the δ15 N values and the seal hair abundances seem to be the results of changes in the paleoclimates and the volatilization rates of the ammonia produced in the seal excrements. The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios in the acid-soluble fraction of sediments are interpreted as a mixture of the ones from the seal excrements （30%-50%） and the chemically weathered local bedrocks （70%-50%）. The calculated proportion of seal-derived Sr based on the ^87 Sr/^86 Sr ratios has a significant correlation with seal hair abundances in sediments. These results suggest that δ15 N values and the ^87 Sr/^86 Sr ratios in the acid-soluble fraction of sediments were influenced by seal excrements, similar to seal halt numbers, and thus can potentially be used to estimate the historical seal population in the Antarctic region.     

Clay minerals and geochemistry of the bottom sediments in the northwestern East China Sea

Clay minerals of 34 sediments collected from the northwestern continental shelf of the East China Sea have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The clay mineral distribution is mainly controlled by the sediment source and the dominant circulation pattern. The predominant clay mineral in our study area is illite comprising more than 67% of the whole clay fraction. The highest concentration of illite (>68%) is found in the southeastern offshore parts beyond the reach of terrigenous input from the Jeju Island. It means that these illites are largely transported by the Kuroshio Current from the South China Sea (SCS). Smectite is highly concentrated in the northwest middle part and in the outer-shelf mud patch. It seems to be due to the high supply of smectite transported from China where fine-grained sediments are discharged from modern and ancient Huanghe (Yellow) River. The relatively high abundant kaolinite is likely derived from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River via the Taiwan Warm Current. In contrast, large amounts of chlorite and high chlorite/kaolinite ratios occur in the northwestern area, reflecting the transportation by the Yellow Sea Coastal Current from the southern Yellow Sea. The discrimination diagrams clearly show that the sediments in the northwestern East China Sea are ultimately sourced from Chinese rivers, especially from the Huanghe River, whereas the sediment in the northeast part might come from the Jeju Island. The muddy sediments of the Changjiang River’s submerged delta have much lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.716 2–0.718 0) than those of the Shandong Peninsular mud wedge (0.721 6–0.724 9), which are supposed to be originated from the Huanghe River, suggesting the distribution pattern of 87Sr/86Sr ratios as a new tracer to discriminate the provenance of shelf sediments in the study area. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the outer-shelf muddy sediments ranged from 0.7169 to 0.7216 in a wide range and was between those of the Huanghe River and Changjiang River sediments, suggesting multiple sources of the sediment in the area.     

Geochemical Constrains on MORB Composition and Magma Sources at East Pacific Rise Between 1?S and 2?S

The East Pacific Rise(EPR)is a typical fast spreading ridge.To gain a better understanding of the magmatism under ridges,Mid Ocean Ridge Basalts(MORBs)with remarkably heterogeneous compositions are obtained from(EPR)1?–2?S and multielement geochemical and radioisotope analyses are conducted.Results show that these MORBs have wide variation ranges in trace element concentrations and isotopic ratios.Sample 07 has low concentrations of incompatible elements,and very low ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,and high ~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd from 0.70213 to 0.702289 and 0.513234 to 0.513289,respectively.However,other samples show enrichment in incompatible elements to varying degrees,and medium values of ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr and ~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd from 0.702440 to 0.702680 and 0.513086to 0.513200,respectively.This study proposes that one depleted source and two enriched sources contribute to the formation of MORBs from EPR 1?–2?S.Samples 02 and 10 are formed by mixing between one enriched source and one depleted source,while sample 07 is crystallized from the depleted source with no mixing process involved.However,the formation of samples 06 and 11are different,and thus further research is required to determine genesis.     

Late Cenozoic Tectonic Deformation in the Dongsha Islands and Adjacent Sea Area

Dongsha Island and the adjacent sea area locate at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS), and is connected to the east by the Manila Trench. Analyses of seismic stratigraphy and gravity, magnetic and drilling wells data led to the discovery of three post-fault sequences (Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ). Extensive tectonic uplift, magma activity and erosion occurred in Dongsha Island and the adjacent area, where most of the faults in the northeastern SCS were still active during Pliocene and Quaternary. Two groups of faults trending NEE and NW were developed during Late Cenozoic. We conclude that three important tectonic movements, especially Dongsha movement(4.4 - 5.2 Ma) and Liuhua movement (1.4 - 1.89 Ma), controlled the structural framework in the Dongsha rise; whose deformation in the east is stronger than that in the west and whose stress field variation suggests that the tectonic uplift in the study area contributed to magmato-tectonic events correlated to the main collision phases between the East China and Taiwan 5 - 3 and 3 - 0 Ma ago.     

海南岛北部晚中-新生代剥露过程的低温年代学约束

【目的】研究海南岛大地构造在中-新生代的隆升剥露过程与热演化史,为华南地块的构造演化提供有力证据。【方法】利用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)、磷灰石及锆石(U-Th)/He等构造热年代学研究方法,重建海南岛北部岩体的构造-热演化历史,分析侵入岩体在不同构造热演化阶段的冷却剥蚀速率,并进一步探讨岩体隆升过程的动力学过程。【结果】AFT年龄介于(33.3±2.5)~(45.0±3.5)Ma之间,磷灰石平均长度为(12.68±0.28)~(13.04±0.9)μm;磷灰石(U-Th)/He(AHe)单颗粒年龄(36.3±2.2)~(60.2±3.7)Ma,锆石(U-Th)/He(ZHe)单颗粒年龄为(79.5±4.9)~(98.4±6.1)Ma及(37.1±2.3)~(59.6±3.7)Ma。联合反演热史揭示,研究区岩体自晚白垩世(约100 Ma)以来的冷却过程有明显的差异性,可分为4个阶段:1)约100~45 Ma相对缓慢冷却阶段;2)约45~35 Ma快速冷却剥蚀阶段;3)约30~35 Ma至10 Ma缓慢冷却过程;4)约10 Ma以来再次快速冷却剥露。【结论】海南岛北部花岗岩体阶段性抬升冷却与(古)太平洋板块的俯冲后撤、西南部印度-欧亚大陆碰撞和中新世晚期菲律宾海板块向西俯冲挤压有关。海南岛北部在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(始新世晚期)剥蚀阶段基本造成总剥蚀量的2/3。     

山西中条山涑水杂岩中冷口变质火山岩的地球化学及构造环境

冷口变质火山岩为较典型的双峰式火山岩，以变质基性火山岩为主，夹变质英安质岩石。依据元素地球化学和同位素地球化学分析，它应形成于大陆或大陆边缘裂谷环境。基性岩浆来源于亏损地幔，岩浆在侵位过程中受到强烈的地壳成分混杂作用改造，而英安质岩石可能是由大陆地壳部分熔融作用形成的。