山东沂源橄榄玄武岩地球化学特征

在山东沂源地区进行金刚石矿远景调查时发现超基性岩体,经岩矿鉴定为橄榄玄武岩。通过人工重砂,选获大量的金刚石找矿指示矿物。该文运用岩矿鉴定、化学分析、稀土元素分析,指示矿物铬铁矿电子探针微区分析,对岩体进行了研究,结果表明,岩体具有富铁、富镁的特征,岩石里特曼指数介于-3.60～5.40之间,根据划分标准,调查区橄榄玄武岩为钙碱性—碱性岩。岩石固结指数(SI)介于35.21～47.15之间,显示岩浆分异程度中等;金刚石找矿指示矿物铬铁矿来自金刚石原生矿母岩岩体;橄榄玄武岩岩体REE总量偏低,轻稀土富集,重稀土含量偏低,轻重稀土分馏十分明显,没有明显的Eu异常。橄榄玄武岩化学成分与蒙阴地区金伯利岩化学成分、伴生矿物、稀土元素具有相似性。因此,它们在成因上应该具有内在联系,应属于同一构造环境下岩浆活动的产物。     

小岩体型铜镍硫化物(铂族)矿床成矿地质体研究进展

对中国小岩体型铜镍硫化物(铂族)矿床成矿地质体的岩体规模、岩石组合及岩石地球化学特征进行了综述,并与其他类型铜镍硫化物矿床特征进行了对比,最后总结出了铜镍硫化物矿床成矿地质体的判别标志特征。结果表明:铜镍硫化物(铂族)矿床成矿地质体的出露形态不规则,多以岩脉、岩墙或岩床形式出露,出露面积较小,多小于1km2;岩石组合多以二辉橄榄岩、橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩、苏长岩、辉长岩、闪长岩为主,岩相分带明显,岩体基性程度由内向外、从下向上逐渐降低,形成"外酸内基"、"上酸下基"的特征;岩石主要为铁质拉斑玄武岩系列;配分模式和蛛网图显示,橄榄石中Ni含量较低,大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素富集,高场强元素和重稀土元素亏损,过渡族元素呈现Cr、Ni相对亏损的"W"型模式,铂族元素配分模式呈现Pt、Pd含量较高的左倾,源区为幔源但具有壳源的混染。     

赤峰红花沟金矿稀土地球化学特征

作者通过对红花沟金矿各主要岩石类型及金矿石稀土元素丰度的分析测定,探讨了本区的稀土地球化学特征。研究表明:太古代变质岩、元古代花岗岩、中生代花岗岩及花岗斑岩、流纹岩和凝灰岩、第三纪玄武岩及金矿石的稀土配分曲线均为右倾斜型,即富轻稀土,都有十分相似的 Ce 负异常。变质岩、元古代花岗岩和玄武岩显示Eu 正异常,其它岩石和矿石显示 Eu 负异常。牛营子岩体显示较强的 Eu 负异常,且稀土总量明显高于元古代花岗岩。元古代的花岗岩源岩可能为石榴石角闪岩。金矿与斜长角闪岩关系最为密切,斜长角闪岩可能是形成金矿的矿源层。     

云南文山官房钨矿床地质特征及其稀土-微量元素地球化学

官房钨矿位于滇东南薄竹山岩体西南缘,矿体主要产于花岗岩与灰岩的接触部位,为一大型接触交代型白钨矿床。为
揭示该矿床成因,在系统研究矿床地质特征的基础上,对与成矿密切相关的花岗岩、大理岩型矿石以及矽卡岩型矿石进行了稀土
元素、微量元素分析。结果表明:矿区花岗岩具有高钾钙碱性岩特征,为地壳重熔型花岗岩;微量元素特征表现为矿石与花岗岩均
富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Pb,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Sr,矿区花岗岩W 含量是区内同类岩石的1.1~7.6倍,这为矿床形
成提供了丰富的物质基础;矿石与花岗岩稀土元素特征显示明显的相似性,均表现为稀土元素总量高、较为明显的Eu负异常、不
明显的Ce异常以及轻稀土元素富集的右倾型稀土元素配分曲线,进一步表明成矿作用与岩浆活动有着密切的成因关系。      

西藏邦铺斑岩钼(铜)多金属矿床侵入岩锆石微量元素特征及其地质意义

西藏邦铺斑岩钼(铜)多金属矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,矿区侵入岩期次和类型多样,主要包括成矿前期黑云母二长花岗岩、成矿期闪长玢岩和二长花岗斑岩及成矿后期石英二长斑岩和辉绿玢岩等5种。在系统总结前人研究成果基础上,利用LA-ICP-MS技术获得了矿区闪长玢岩岩体锆石微量元素特征。结果表明:邦铺矿区侵入岩锆石类型主要包括岩浆锆石和热液锆石;5种侵入岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式显示具相似的特征,曲线左倾,整体较陡,表现为明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常,轻稀土元素亏损,重稀土元素富集。通过锆石Ti含量地质温度计计算出侵入岩锆石结晶温度,显示出成矿期和成矿后期侵入岩体岩浆来源于在水近饱和条件下发生的部分熔融。根据锆石中特定微量元素和稀土元素特征变化,各侵入岩锆石均是从陆壳岩浆中结晶分异形成的,与锆石相对应的寄主岩石均形成于陆壳环境。     

山东蒙阴金伯利岩带地球化学特征和源区性质

通过主量、微量和稀土元素对山东蒙阴地区的3个金伯利岩带的金伯利岩、辉绿岩、煌斑岩地球化学特征进行分析研究。结果表明,金伯利岩的岩性偏碱性且富钾,K₂O、TiO₂、P₂O₅比一般的超基性岩石含量明显高;微量元素中Ba、Th、Ta、Cr、Ni元素含量明显高,Sr和Y、Yb含量相对原始地幔偏低。金伯利岩稀土元素总量偏高、轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损。总体无明显的Eu负异常。暗示了深部地幔成因的金伯利岩岩浆分异程度较低,基性程度相对高,岩浆混合了深部的榴辉岩和相对较浅的地幔橄榄岩,可能存在二辉橄榄岩和榴辉岩、花岗质等包体捕掳体来源的混杂性。从地幔深部的高温高压的环境下,金伯利岩岩浆携带深部的金刚石矿物捕掳体沿辉绿岩侵位通道侵入上涌,在接近地表,温压骤降,岩浆岩隐爆就位,最后形成常马、西峪、坡里三个金伯利岩带。     

鲁东胶北地区中太古代唐家庄岩群

１０余年来,通过对鲁东胶北地区太古宙地层的研究,原胶东群中剔除出大量的变质变形深成侵入岩,并从其底部分离出一套呈包体状态残存于花岗质岩石中的紫苏磁铁石英岩、二辉斜长角闪麻粒岩等,据此建立了唐家庄岩群。该岩群为一套经受角闪麻粒岩相高级变质的表壳岩组合,同位素测年数据为２７６３～２９３６Ｍａ,与之相伴产出的超基性岩同位素地质年龄值为２６９３～３１５０Ｍａ,其特征与鲁西地区沂水岩群相似,说明太古宙时鲁东和鲁西曾是一个统一的克拉通陆核。     

冀中坳陷火成岩岩石学及地球化学特征

冀中坳陷发育大量隐伏玄武质岩石,尤其是坳陷北部的廊固凹陷和霸县凹陷,岩石类型以玄武岩为主,辉绿岩次之,凝
灰岩分布较少,火山角砾岩极少。通过岩心、镜下薄片及铸体薄片观察,主量和微量元素测试分析,表明该区火成岩为碱性玄武岩
和拉斑玄武岩系列;REE配分曲线呈轻稀土元素富集型,Eu异常不明显;火成岩微量元素原始地幔标准化曲线呈强不相容元素富
集。该区玄武岩的喷发环境为水下喷发;火成岩微量元素构造环境判别图解、岩石组合、岩石系列、稀土元素和微量元素特征表明
该区火成岩形成于板内大陆裂谷构造环境。通过冀中坳陷玄武岩与邻区对比发现,冀中坳陷及邻区玄武岩岩浆活动具有随时代
变化往北迁移的趋势,SiO2含量显示从南往北略为增加的趋势,北部稀土元素总量变化范围相对较大,轻稀土元素富集程度较南
部低。      

沂沭断裂带中段牛家小河金矿主微量元素特征与地质意义

牛家小河金矿是沂沭断裂带内破碎蚀变岩型金矿的典型代表。通过对牛家小河金矿中矿石、围岩的岩石学特征及其主、微量元素地球化学特征研究发现,矿石NJXH-1富集Fe,Co,Ni等成矿温度较高的成矿元素,矿石NJXH-2相对富集低温成矿元素;沂水岩群成矿元素具有较高的变异系数且分布极不均匀,表明沂水岩群可能是牛家小河金矿的主要矿源层;矿石REE配分曲线均为轻稀土富集型,矿石NJXH-2与沂水岩群的稀土元素分布特征相似,矿石NJXH-2与沂水岩群具有同源性;矿石的Y/Ho特征显示成矿流体可能来自变质热液。综合分析认为,牛家小河金矿可能经历了两期成矿作用,且成矿温度存在一定差异;成矿物质可能来源于沂水岩群和燕山期花岗岩。成矿流体显示弱还原性,变质热液也可能参与成矿作用。     

辽河群几种主要变质岩地球化学特征

辽河群主要由石英片岩,板岩-千枚岩、浅粒岩-变粒岩、斜长片麻岩组成。其中石英片岩、板岩-千枚岩和斜长片麻岩具有Si、Al,K相对偏高的特点,为Au、Pb、Zn、Ag、F等元素的主要荷载岩石。浅粒岩-变粒岩富集B、As、S、Zr、La、Pb、Ag、Ba等元素,为B的矿源体。这几种岩石稀土元素组成具有变质沉积岩的稀土分配特征。片岩、浅粒岩和变粒岩的原岩,主体为沉积岩,个别为火山岩,前者主要来源于大陆上部地壳;后者属上地幔或接近于大陆溢流玄武岩的物质经部分熔融的产物。其微量元素均可分为二大群,组合形式多不相同。     

ADVANCES IN MEDICO-CHEMICAL GEOGRAPHY IN CHINA

We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows: the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment; the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements; the types of formative cause of biogeochemical provinces in China; the parabolic correlation between contents of iodine in drinking water and prevalence rate of endemic goiter; the discovery and proof of the low selenium zone in China; the successive discovery of endemic fluorosis of the types of pollution from burning coal, drinking high fluoride tea and high fluoride table salt from the year 1978; the study on chemical geography of schistosomiasis and the compilation of the Atlas of Endemic Diseases and Their Environments in the People's Republic of China.     

临沂市与江苏省四市保障用地做法对比分析

临沂市毗邻江苏省,前者是革命老区,经济欠发达城市,后者则是全国经济发展速度最快的省份之一.经济发展形势的差异使得二者在保障用地的措施做法上产生了差别.文章以江苏省徐州市、宿迁市、南通市和扬州市为例,重点分析了经济发展较快地区化解用地矛盾的做法,并与临沂市作了比较,借以提出了可供经济欠发达地区借鉴的保障发展用地的措施建议.     

综合找矿方法在鲁西地区莱芜高家岭金矿勘查中的应用

高家岭金矿地处鲁西泰莱断陷与鲁村凹陷之间的隆起地带,矿体发育于铜冶店-孙祖断裂上盘下接触面的构造蚀变带中,通过地质、物化探综合技术手段圈定了物化探异常,指导探矿工程的布设,进而发现高家岭金矿,矿体平均品位5.61×10^-6,预测金矿金属量6788kg,达到中型矿床规模,取得了良好的找矿效果。区内综合找矿方法的应用对类似地区金矿的勘查具有借鉴意义。     

试述学校发展电化教育应注意的问题

随着信息社会的发展，新技术和新媒体的出现必然影响学校现代教育的发展。通过阐述发展学校电化教育的应注意的问题，探讨了解决问题的方法。     

山东省烟台市观水镇白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性分析

近年来,由于地下水污染问题加剧,山东省烟台市观水镇生活用水矛盾日益突出,急需寻找优质地下水缓解当地居民用水问题。通过水文地质调查、地球物理勘探、实施探采结合井、抽水试验和水质化验等手段,初步查明了观水镇及附近区域的蓄水构造类型及赋存规律,圈定了优质地下水的富水地段,论证了白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性,为政府相关部门决策、解决村民吃水问题提供科学建议。     

Changes in the small-jellyfish community in recent decades in Jiaozhou Bay, China

We used long term monitoring data to evaluate changes in abundance and species dominance of small-jellyfish (collected with zooplankton net whose bell diameter was less than 5 cm) between 1991 and 2009 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. Zooplankton samples were vertically towed with conical plankton net from near-bottom to surface, identified microscopically, and mapped in time-space using Grapher 7.0 and Surfer 8.0. Results show that the abundance of small-jellyfish throughout the bay had been increasing during 2001-2009 on average of 15.2 ind./m 3 , almost 5 times higher than that between 1991 and 2000. The occurrence of peak abundance shifted from spring to summer after 2000, and two peaks appeared in spring and summer, respectively, after 2005. Both the abundance and the frequency of blooms of small-jellyfish increased after 2000 in the bay. In addition, the biodiversity of jellyfish has increased significantly in recent years with a change in dominant species. Several new dominant species appeared after 2000, including Rathkae octopunctata in winter, Phialidium hemisphaericum in spring, summer, and autumn, Phialucium carolinae in spring, and Pleurobrachia globosa in summer and autumn, while some previous dominant species throughout the 1990s (Eirene ceylonensis, Zanclea costata, Lovenella assimilis, and Muggiaea atlantica) were no longer dominant after 2000. The abundance of small-jellyfish was positively correlated with the density of dinoflagellates, and the abundance of zooplankton. We believe that the changes in smalljellyfish abundance and species composition were the result of eutrophication, aquaculture and coastal construction activities around the bay. Concurrently, seawater warming and salinity decrease in recent decades promoted the growth and reproduction of small-jellyfish in the bay.     

东营郑南斜坡带砂砾岩体储层微观特征

东营凹陷郑南斜坡带砂砾岩体是古近纪沙四段沉积时期形成的以砂、砾岩为主的近岸水下扇沉积体。储集层岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低,多为双模态和复模态结构。首先对影响储集层岩石的主要成岩作用进行了描述,分析了该砂砾岩体储集层的孔隙类型和孔隙结构特征。该类砂砾岩体储集层孔隙类型多样,孔隙结构复杂,以中-低孔隙度、低渗透率储层类型为主。     

青岛市城中村土地征用(收)调查

随着全国大部分地区尤其是东部沿海区域城市化发展进入加速期,城区土地资源紧张问题愈发显现。同时城区内大片旧城区和城中村的改造,影响着城市化能否顺利实施,为了破解这一城市发展难题,青岛市国土部门创新思路,探索实施新的城中村土地征用(收)办法,全方位保障被拆迁群众的利益,推动了城市化的顺利实施,促进了社会的和谐和城市经济健康发展。     

Community participation in forest resource management in Nepal

Livelihood of the people in Nepal hills depends much upon forest resources in addition to farming as forest plays a critical role in the well being of the farming households where access to alternative sources, such as energy for cooking, nutrition for animals, materials for fertilizer and constructing materials for shelter, are limited. Thus, the well being of the people in the hills is directly affected by the management of these forest resources. This issue was addressed in this paper by examining the forest resource management practices and its effect on well being of rural people in two different stages in a village lying in the steep hill of Mahabharat Range in the southern hills of Kathmandu valley, Lalitpur District. The main ethnic/caste groups in the villageare Brahmin/Chhetri (high Hindu caste),Magar/Tamang (Tibeto Burmans) and Kami (occupational caste: cobbler). Currently there are four community forest users groups, with mixed ethnic membership, organized to manage the forest resources. The endowments, weak institutional settings, before 1990 helped the Bhramins, Magars and Tamangs to get access into the private forest endowment, which made them easy to get access to the forest resources, mainly fuel wood, fodder and timber in 1990 and enhanced their well beings. But the socially backward Kami could not get benefit from the institutions that existed during that time and had less chance to enhance their well beings. After the set up of different endowments during late 199os, i.e.,hand over of forest management to users groups in line with the concept of community forest,environment to use the forest resources became better for all the groups, along with the management of the forest. This enhanced the well beings of all the groups in the study village. However, the ability of Kami to use the forest resources to enhance their well beings was still lacking behind. The reason was partially due to the difference in endowments carried over from the endowments before 199o, and partly due to their occupational work and location of their settlements.     

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DEBRIS FLOW RESEARCH IN ITALY

ＲＥＣＥＮＴＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＳＩＮＤＥＢＲＩＳＦＬＯＷＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＩＮＩＴＡＬＹＭａｒｃｈｉＬｏｒｅｎｚｏ；ＴｅｃｃａＰｉａＲ．（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏｒＰｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆＨｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＨａｚａｒｄ...