广州白云机场一次微下击暴流引起的低空风切变过程分析

对2017年8月1日在广州白云机场产生的42.1 m/s强阵风成因进行分析,发现此次强阵风是微下击暴流的下沉气流到达地面造成的。利用广州白云机场的地面自动观测资料和C波段多普勒天气雷达资料分析微下击暴流经过机场时地面各气象要素的演变特征以及产生强风切变的对流单体的移动和强度演变情况。分析表明:微下击暴流到达地面后造成了强烈的风速和风向的低空风切变,气压骤升,温度迅速降低,利用高时空分辨率的地面自动观测数据可以发布低空风切变的告警;在微下击暴流产生强地面风前,对流风暴单体的雷达回波反射率强度突然降低、回波顶高减弱,径向速度图上出现了中气旋以及在近地层有强烈的反气旋辐散,可利用多普勒天气雷达发布低空风切变的预警。     

两类不同风灾个例超级单体特征对比分析

采用分钟级加密自动气象站观测资料,盐城、淮安和岳阳、荆州雷达探测数据,以及欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）高分辨率的ERA-Interim全球再分析数据,对比分析了2016年6月23日江苏阜宁龙卷灾害和2015年6月1日湖北监利下击暴流大风灾害的环境特征与超级单体的结构特征。结果表明:（1）两次强对流大风灾害发生在相似的低空环流背景下:风灾发生在低空急流出口区左侧的暖区内、850 hPa低涡中心东侧6—7个经距的位置;环境大气的对流有效位能大于2000 J/kg。但是风灾的类型不同,江苏阜宁大风灾害主要由超级单体龙卷造成,监利“东方之星”沉船事故主要是超级单体触发的下击暴流造成。短时强降水中心与风灾中心的相对位置不同:阜宁龙卷移动方向的左侧伴随着最强短时降水;湖北监利沉船事件发生期间,风灾中心与短时强降水中心基本重合。鉴于不同性质的对流大风位置与超级单体母体的中心位置对应关系上存在差异,通过比较地面观测的瞬时大风与瞬时强降水中心的相对位置将有助于区分强对流大风的性质。（2）环境风垂直切变强度对对流风暴结构、发展、维持有重要影响:阜宁龙卷发生时,其上空0—6 km风垂直切变达4×10-3 s-1,超级单体有明显的向前倾斜结构,形成有界弱回波区;而监利强对流沉船位置0—6 km风垂直切变只有2.3×10-3 s-1左右,风暴单体中的上升气流近乎于垂直。阜宁超级单体中气旋,首先出现在0—1.5 km风垂直切变和0—3 km风暴相对螺旋度带状大值区,在向抬升凝结高度更低的环境移动过程中,其底部不断下降,形成龙卷;而在监利沉船区,中低层风切变和风暴相对螺旋度相对要弱得多,对应风暴单体中的中气旋强度、持续性较弱,中气旋底部高度维持在1.6 km左右。（3）环境湿度垂直结构特征不同可能是风暴单体形成不同类型灾害大风的重要环境因子。监利下击暴流造成的风灾发生时,在地面气温迅速下降过程中,气压变化呈现快速跳升又快速下降的“尖锥”形,气压峰值比降水峰值提前4 min出现。它与对流层中高层环境大气中较为深厚的干空气卷入对流风暴中造成水物质强烈蒸发、冷却过程有关。而阜宁风灾过程中,环境大气中层仅存在非常浅薄的干层,加之低层较为深厚的饱和大气环境,对应的地面冷池效应相对较弱。      

渤海大风特点以及海陆风力差异研究

利用2009年7月至今渤海浮标站观测资料,分析了渤海大风的特点.结果表明,2009年出现大风、强风57天,2010年为101天,2011年为38天.11月大风、强风日数最多,1月次之;夏季大风、强风日数较少.从风向来看,北风、东北风的大风、强风日数最多.浮标站与沿海两站风场的对比表明,大风日,东北、东风瓦房店站的最大风速更接近浮标站,其他风向旅顺站接近浮标站;强风日,8个风向都是旅顺站相对接近浮标站.从风速差最大值来看,沿海站比浮标站小2～4级.大风日与强风日的对比表明,大风日沿海站的风速更接近浮标站.对极大风速而言,沿海站与浮标站的风速相差较小,旅顺站的风速更接近浮标站.不同的大风过程由于影响系统不同,海陆风向风力会有很大的不同.但无论什么系统造成的大风,最大风速海陆差异都比极大风速海陆差异明显,最大风速海陆差异最小1级,最大5级,而极大风速只差1级左右.当北路、西路冷空气造成大风时,瓦房店站的风速更接近浮标站,最大风速小1～2级,极大风速小1级;当地面低压(包括热带气旋)造成南大风时,3个测站差别不大,最大风速小1级,极大风速相近.     

超级单体引发的一次大风风速估算及其机理探讨

基于地面、高空、雷达探测资料和GFS再分析资料,对一次超级单体引发的大风风速进行估测,并探讨大风的形成机理。研究表明:①伴随着大风天气的发生,地面气温快速下降、比湿减少;大风的发生与风暴单体的发展程度和中气旋强弱在时间上具有一致性,风向分布与中气旋的旋转方向相同;大风地点发生在大尺度背景下垂直速度下沉区域。②风速具有随着不同等级径向速度面积增加而增加的现象,用其可以大致估算风力等级。③多单体的合并使得风暴单体变强,成为超级单体风暴;通过动量下传,促使空中大风快速下沉至近地层辐散,使之成为地面大风的形成机制之一。④由于中等雨量的拖曳作用,将中层大气拖曳至近地层;地面气温显著降低,表示环境负浮力的增大,加强了中层大气的下沉运动。⑤风暴合并、动量下传、降水拖曳和环境负浮力增加以及风暴后部下沉气流等共同作用引起了地面大风。     

浙江省春季至夏初飑线分型及对比分析

根据大尺度背景场的差异,将影响浙江省的七次飑线过程分为两种类型:冷涡类西北气流型和槽前西南急流型。通过环境场和雷达结构特征提炼异同点,结果表明:飑线系统发生在高空槽配合地面低压发展的有利环境场,对流层中高层相对干冷的平流叠加在低层暖湿气流之上,在对流发展区建立显著的条件不稳定层结。西北气流型由东亚大槽后干冷平流的强迫作用及925 hPa至地面辐合线触发产生,生命史长、强度强是主要特点;西南急流型飑线多发生在江淮低压冷锋南下型的地面形势场,西北东南移向的飑线主要由锋前低压系统内的冷暖交汇加上锋面抬升触发,而西南东北移向的飑线由西南急流强迫产生,低层西南急流脉动或风速辐合、地面辐合线等为触发抬升条件。T_850-500大于27 ℃,可以较好表征雷暴大风天气的环境场,B_li、B_CAPE等指示意义显著,而K指数和S_i指数对西北气流型飑线无指示意义。强的环境风垂直切变有利于飑线回波的组织化及回波垂直结构的倾斜;径向速度场的大风速区和MARC特征是飑线的共同特征,大风速区能直观地判断大风的位置和强度;阵风锋易出现在自北向南的强对流系统中,和阵风锋相交的回波强度强,持续久,易产生冰雹;冰雹回波在径向速度图上通常存在强的切变辐合或中气旋等共同特征。      

中国东南地区热带气旋大风及其伴随天气的统计特征

利用2010～2016年中国地面站重要天气报文、中国气象局（CMA）热带气旋最佳路径数据集以及地面站逐小时降水资料，对热带气旋（TC）影响下我国东南地区地面大风及其伴随天气特征进行统计分析，结果表明：（1）该区域TC大风主要沿海岸线分布，至内陆频次递减；TC大风多以东北风向为主，登陆前大风站点居多，12级以上的强风速基本分布在距TC中心300 km范围内。（2）强热带风暴（STS）和台风（TY）强度TC引起的站点大风最多，但16级以上大风主要出现在强台风（STY）和超强台风（Super TY）强度等级。慢速TC引起的站点大风主要出现其移向右前侧，快速主要出现在其右后侧。TC大风中向岸风均值略大于离岸风，其中12级以上风速向岸风站点多于离岸风，但16级以上大风则是离岸风站点明显多于向岸风。（3）约89.8%的TC大风伴随降水，分布于TC中心附近，东北风为主，峰值出现在8月。约10.2%的TC大风无降水，主要分布在TC外围，北风和东南风为主，风速较弱，多出现于5月和12月。12级以上TC大风几乎均伴随着降水，而无降水TC大风风速达12级以上样本很少。（4）约23.8%的TC大风伴随强对流天...     

一次中尺度对流风暴成因及CINRAD回波特征分析

用常规天气图、云图和CINRAD资料，分析2005年3月22日影响华南地区一次中尺度对流风暴过程，揭示中尺度对流风暴的环流背景条件及其成因：500hPa槽前西南急流和850hPa低涡切变东移南压及低空西南急流为对流风暴生成发展提供了有利条件；边界层华南西部低涡切变系统和地面中气旋及冷空气南下影响的共同作用是此次对流风暴的触发机制。该风暴的发生发展过程是在中等偏强的垂直风切变条件下，有利于发展成组织性完好的对流风暴。CINRAD回波结构及特征有：此次中尺度强对流风暴反射率因子表征为飑线回波带，强回波区呈弓状，其后侧有弱回波通道，预示有灾害性大风；弓状强回波头部及其带上出现了中气旋；径向速度图有逆风区及风暴相对径向速度图上有辐合区出现，在弓状回波头部有气旋性辐合等特征。分析结果有助于对流风暴的探测和预警预报服务工作。     

一次西南气流中长生命史多单体风暴过程的演变特征及成因

利用常规天气探测资料、自动站资料、FY-2G云顶温度资料、多普勒天气雷达产品和闪电定位资料,对2017年4月8日造成江西省东北部强雷暴大风的长生命史多单体风暴过程进行了分析。结果表明:对流层中层干的西南气流叠加在低层西南暖湿气流之上和发展旺盛的地面倒槽,为江西东北部提供了较强的动力、热力不稳定环境。中低层风速矢端图表现为单一方向的风切变,强的垂直风切变集中在低层,有利于风暴的发生和维持。风暴移动和传播同向,呈前向传播特征。风暴前冷池与移动前方高温区之间的局地温度锋区与地面辐合线是风暴的触发条件和维持机制。雷暴下沉气流及地面辐散、高空动量下传和地面气压梯度风的共同作用,导致了地面大风。地闪活动演变超前地面大风1—2 h。     

湖北三类组织形态强对流系统造成的地面强对流大风特征

利用湖北省2012~2017年区域自动站、天气雷达和周边探空站观测资料,对三类不同组织形态的中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System, MCS)(线性MCS、非线性MCS和孤立对流风暴)造成的地面强风(极大风速≥17 m/s)的时空分布、移动与传播、对流环境特征等方面进行了统计对比分析,并结合个例讨论了地面入流大风的成因及其对对流系统发展、组织的影响。结果表明:(1)大量的非线性MCS可能是由更早发生在山区和丘陵的孤立对流风暴向平原地区移动过程中组织形成的,孤立对流风暴造成的地面大风出现的峰值时间在17:00(北京时,下同)前后,非线性MCS地面大风的峰值时间在19:00左右;线性MCS造成的强对流大风主要出现在平原地区。(2)非线性MCS和孤立对流风暴是造成湖北省地面大风的主导系统,其中,非线性MCS造成的地面大风站次数占强对流大风站次总数的41.9%,而39.3%的地面强对流大风站次是由孤立对流风暴造成的。(3)虽然大于17 m/s的地面入流大风占所有强对流大风的比例很小,但存在地面入流大风的强对流系统的影响范围、持续时间均远大于同一类型对流系统的平均值。基于一次长生命史线性MCS(飑线)造成强对流大风事件的分析表明:雷暴系统前侧的地面入流大风是由对流强烈发展造成,这支暖湿入流又进一步增强了对流风暴的发展,同时地面入流大风的形成进一步加强了垂直风切变,因而强的地面入流更有利于对流系统的组织化发展。(4)虽然暖季强对流系统的平均引导气流均以西南风为主,但线性MCS主要自西向东移动、非线性MCS以自西南向东北移动为主、孤立对流风暴的移动方向则更具多样性,也更易出现后向传播现象。孤立对流风暴相对组织化的强对流系统而言,往往发生在更不稳定或更干的层结大气中,且环境垂直风切变更弱、风速更小。     

一次雷暴大风的物理环境场和多普勒雷达回波特征

2009年8月27日15-18时,石家庄地区出现雷暴大风等灾害性强对流天气过程,石家庄地区北部新乐县境内的多普勒雷达探测到了此次天气过程中完整的阵风锋、飑线、中气旋等中尺度天气系统,并对此次雷暴大风的环境场和多普勒雷达产品进行分析。结果表明：低层逆温、中低层垂直风切变较强的不稳定层结为强对流天气的发生发展提供了有利的环境条件。阵风锋对对流风暴发展强度具有反馈作用,当二者逐渐远离时,对流风暴强度减弱甚至消亡;当二者逐渐靠近时,对流风暴发展加强,甚至发展为超级单体对流风暴。多单体对流风暴带状排列构成飑线系统,所经测站出现风速突增、风向急转、气压涌升、气温下降,钩状回波、人字型回波、弓形回波和深厚持久发展的中气旋是本次天气过程中的超级单体对流风暴所具有的典型特征。地面破坏性大风主要由超级单体对流风暴所引发。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Retrieval of outgoing longwave radiation from COMS narrowband infrared imagery

Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed.